Disk and File-system Management on Solaris
** Install a new hard disk --> perform a reconfiguration boot
# touch /reconfiguration
( creates a file allowing the OS to check for the presence of new components during startup)
# sync; init 0 # prtconf- to view the system's device configuration info
** Disks & Slices -- 8 slices/disk in total ( 0 ~ 7 ); defined by offset: begin cylinder and the size slice 0 is always the root slice (boot sector and root file system) slice 1 - swap, slice 2 - backup no cylinder overlap allowed! disk label - first sector of a disk, also called the volume table of contents(VTOC) -> contains disk's controller and geometry info, and partition table boot block - sectors 2 to 16 of a disk,bootstrap program (bootblk) only the root file system has an active boot block super block - sectors 17 to 33 of a disk, a table that describes the file system num of data blocks and cylinder groups, block size, name of mount points, state flag cylinder groups - from sector 34 to end, data -> allow a hard disk head to read more info in each pass ( improve disk access) the 1st component in each sylinder group is a backup of the superblock for a disk cylinder group block - an info table: data blocks/directories/inodesin the group data blocks - 8 KB by default (eight fragments of 1024 bytes) UFS uses fragments to store small files logical device name:** View partition table prtvtoc /dev/rdsk/c3t0d1s3 -h, -f, -s, -t, -m** Format - to create disk slices, display the partition table, test and repair disks, etc disk partitioning - disk, type, partition, current wu - readonly, wm -writable label - write slice configuration to the disk's label disk diagnosis and repair - format, repair(SCSI), analyze, defect(SCSI) disk label management - label, backup, verify, save, volname ! - to execute commands from the Format utility example: >format >partition >0 # for root slice tag, wm, 0 (start cylinder), 1499e (end cylinder) >label >quit >verify ** UNIX file system(UFS) - default Solaris file system - state flags (clean, stable, active, unknown) unknown state prompts Solaris to run a file system check - extended fundamental types (EFT), to provide 32-bit ID numbers for users, groups, and devices - support for large file systems, up to 1TB (but Solaris Volume Manager is required in practice) - support for large files, larger than 2 GB UFS logging -> ensures consistency and reduces the need to run file system checks (UFS creates a log of the changes that a data transaction involves, and applies changes for complete transactions only at system reboot.) mount with -o logging option** Create file system considerations: I/O workloadanddata size newfs [-Nv] device_name** Mount file system mount [-o options] -r readonly -m without making an entry in the /etc/mnttab -g globally in a cluster -O over an existing file system on the same mount point -a a list of mount points to a series of file systems in parallel logging/nologging, nolargefiles/largefiles, noatime, setuid/nosuid mountall - mount all file systems listed in the vfstab /etc/vfstab -l only local file systems umount -f force to umount umountall fuser [-c|-d] [-k] (to obtain a list of processes currently accessing a file system) -k kill any running processes** fsck ~ can detect and repair - lost files and directories --> lost+found - damaged superblocks --> a backup superblock in any of the cylinder groups - corrupted inodes --> /lost+found - bad data blocks --> /lost+found - inconsistent cylinder blocks fsck [-m|V|y|Y|n|N] [-o file_system_options] file_system -m check a file system -V view all options selected by default for this command -y/Y answer yes to every question -n/N answer no to every question b=nspecify a backup superblock for a file system to use c convert the format of a file system f force to check even with a bad superblock p "preen" mode checking, no user interavention allowed w check write-only file systems** du ~ determine disk usage for files or directories -a display the num of data blocks -s the total num of data blocks -k display the output in KB -d cannot cross file system boundaries -o exclude subdir -r include hidden files** quot - how much space different users' files consume -a for all mounted file systems -c three columns (size specific) -f (user specific)* ff ~ view a list of file names and inode statistics for a file system ff -mn, -an, -cn
本文来自ChinaUnix博客，如果查看原文请点：http://blog.chinaunix.net/u/16112/showart_325979.html
页:
[1]