olaris 系统管理员指南 第3版 §3 shell
§2 shell
Solaris 有3种基本的shell :the
Bourne shell (the default), the C shell, and the Korn shell.
还有3种免费的shell: The Bourne-Again shell (bash), the TC shell (tcsh), and the
Z shell (zsh).
Feature
Bourne
bash
zsh
C
tcsh
Korn
Aliases.
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Command-line editing.
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Enhanced cd.
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
History list.
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Ignore CTRL-D (ignoreeof).
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Initialization file separate from .profile.
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Job control.
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Logout file.
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Protect files from overwriting (noclobber).
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Syntax compatible with Bourne shell.
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
No
Yes
§3.1 shell 的通用命令
设置默认shell可以通过修改/etc/passwd,执行admintool&, 或者AdminSuite 3.0..
也可以使用命令行临时改变shell
(csh, ksh, sh, bash, tcsh)
§3.2 The Bourne Shell
Solaris默认的shell, 由贝尔实验室的Steve Bourne开发,是一个小型shell.
初始化文件: .profile
环境变量的定义: $ PS1=oak$;export PS1
别名可以由函数创建.
脚本生效: 采用. .profile
§3.3 The C Shell
C shell有特色的地方是命令历史查询
初始化文件: .login,然后是.cshrc, 从命令行启动,只读取,所以环境变量最好放在.cshrc中.
环境变量的定义: oak% setenv DISPLAY rogue:Ø
别名: alias ftp "ftp -i",
历史命令: set history=1Ø,!!重复上一条命名.!$上一命令行的变量.!n执行第多少行命令.添加新的命令:oak% newcommandnewcommand: Command not foundoak% rehashoak% newcommandoak%编辑命令:oak% history 31cd 32ls 33cd /home/frame3.1 34ls 35cd .. 36tar cvf /dev/rmt/0 frame3.1 37lp questionnaire 38lpstat -t 39echo $PaTH 40historyoak% !39:s/a/A/echo $PATH.:/home/winsor:/usr/openwin/bin:/usr/deskset/bin:/home/ winsor/bin:/bin:/home/bin:/etc:/usr/etc:/usr/bin:/home/ frame3.1/binoak%
§3.4 The Korn Shell
Bourne shell 的超集.
C shell有特色的地方是命令历史查询
初始化文件: .profile and .ksh-env,多数命令建议放在.ksh-env中,在.profile中可能不能执行.
环境变量的定义: VARIABLE=value;export VARIABLE.
$ ENV=$HOME/.kshrc;export ENV这部分必须放在.profile中.
查看变量:
set –o
Korn Shell
Options
Option
Default
Description
allexport
off
Automatically export variables when
defined.
bgnice
on
Execute all background jobs at a lower
priority.
emacs
off
Set emacs/gmacs as the
in-line editor.
errexit
off
If a command returns the value False, the
shell executes the ERR trap (if set) and immediately exits.
gmacs
off
Set gmacs as the in-line
editor.
ignoreeof
off
When the interactive option is also set,
the shell does not exit at end-of-file. Type exit to quit the shell.
interactive
on
The shell automatically turns the
interactive option on so that shell prompts are displayed.
keyword
off
The shell puts each word with the syntax
of a variable assignment in the variable assignment list.
markdirs
off
Display a / following the names
of all directories resulting from path name expansion.
monitor
on
Enable job control.
noclobber
off
Do not overwrite an existing file when
the redirect operator (>) is used.
noexec
off
Read commands but do not execute them.
You can use this option to debug shell script syntax errors.
noglob
off
Disable file name expansion.
nolog
off
Do not store function definitions in the
history file.
nounset
off
Display an error message when the shell
tries to expand a variable that is not set.
privileged
off
When this option is off, the real UID and
GID are used. When this option is on, the UID and GID are set to the values
that were in effect when you started the shell.
restricted
off
Set a restricted shell.
trackall
off
Make command-tracked aliases when they
are first encountered.
verbose
off
Display the input as it is read.
vi
off
Set vi as the in-line
editor.
viraw
off
Specify character-at-a-time input from vi.
xtrace
off
Display commands and arguments as they
are executed.
比如打开vi set -o vi作为命令行编辑器,关闭set +o vi, 这个vi默认是插入模式别名: alias a=alias, 查看别名设置 预定义的别名如下:
Table 23. Korn
Shell Preset Aliases
Alias
Value
Definition
autoload
typeset -fu
Define an autoloading function.
false
let -0
Return a non-zero status. Often used to
generate infinite until loops.
functions
typeset -f
Display a list of functions.
hash
alias -t -
Display a list of tracked aliases.
history
fc -l
List commands from the history file.
integer
typeset -i
Declare integer variable.
nohup
nohup
Keep jobs running even if you log out.
r
fc -e -
Execute the previous command again.
stop
kill -STOP
Suspend job.
suspend
kill -STOP
$$
Suspend job.
true
:
Return a 0 exit status.
type
whence -v
Display information about commands.
历史命令: 默认128条, $HOME/.sh_history$ HISTSIZE=2ØØ;export HISTSIZEFc –l 和 history 可以显示历史命令.fc有更多的功能,暂略
§3.5 The Bourne-Again Shell
吸收了Korn and C
shells的优点,符合IEEE POSIX Shell and Tools
specification (IEEE Working Group 1003.2).
--login 非交互式登陆
先读取/etc/profile file,而后~/.bash_profile, ~/.bash-login,
and ~/.profile, 可以使用—noprofile, 不读取这些文件.
退出时执行~/.bash_logout
if [ -n "$BASH_ENV" }; then . "$BASH_ENV"; fi
§3.6 The TC Shell
UNIX C shell的增强,并且完全兼容,有以下特性:a command-line editor,
programmable word completion, spelling correction, a history mechanism, job
control, and a C-like syntax.
先执行/etc/csh.cshrc and /etc/csh.login,而后
·
~/.tshrc
·
~/.cshrc (if /.tshrc is not found)
·
~/.history (or the value of the histfile shell variable)
·
~/.login
·
~/.cshdirs (or the value of the dirsfile shell variable)
非交互式只执行: /etc/csh.cshrc and ~/.tshrc or ~/.cshrc
§3.6 The Z Shell
类似Korn shell的增强,可做为交互式login shell和a shell script command processor.
功能: command-line
editing, built-in spelling correction, programmable command completions, shell
functions (with autoloading), a history mechanism, and a host of other
features.
其他暂略
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