Shell Commands
Additional Resources
1.
All Solaris Commands
*
2005-08-09 -->
2.
Alphabetical Directory of Linux Commands
*
2008-05-29 -->
3.
Awk, Nawk and GNU Awk Cheat Sheet
*
2009-01-20 -->
4.
Comparision of Shell commands (PDF)
*
2005-11-19 -->
5.
coolcommands.com
*
2005-10-13 -->
6.
DOS to UNIX command translation
*
2006-02-09 -->
7.
Famous Awk One-Liners Explained, Part I
*
2009-01-16 -->
8.
Famous Awk One-Liners Explained, Part II
*
2009-01-16 -->
9.
Man Pages: System Administration Commands (Solaris 10)
2006-02-14 -->
10.
Man Pages: System Administration Commands (Solaris 9)
2006-02-14 -->
11.
Man Pages: User Commands (Solaris 10)
2006-02-14 -->
12.
Man Pages: User Commands (Solaris 9)
2006-02-14 -->
13.
Tips on good shell programming practices
*
2006-03-10 -->
14.
Top 10 Best Cheat Sheets and Tutorials for Linux / UNIX Commands
*
2008-12-02 -->
15.
Universal Command Guide for Operating Systems
*
2005-01-19 -->
16.
Unix 'find command' helper
*
2008-12-02 -->
17.
Unix Find Command Tutorial
*
2009-06-10 - New/Updated -->
18.
Useful Solaris Commands (Blog)
*
Debugging
19. cat -v -t -e
/* Show non-printing characters */
20. dumpadm -d swap
/* Configure swap device as dump device */
21. ld -l
/* Check if you have a particular library */
22. truss -f -p
/* Using multiple windows, this can be used to trace setuid/setgid programs */
23. truss executable
/* Trace doing of given command ( useful debugging ) */
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Disk Commands
24. /bin/mount -F hsfs -o ro /dev/sr0 /cdrom
/* Mount an ISO 9660 CDROM */
25. /usr/bin/iostat -E
/* Command to display drives statistics */
26. du -ad /var | sort -nr
/* Report the the disk used in /var in reverse order */
27. du -k .
/* Report disk usage in Kilobytes */
28. du -sk * | sort -nr | head
/* Shows the top ten largest files/directories */
29. du -sk *|sort -k1,1n
/* Reports total disk space used in Kilobytes in present directory */
30. du -sk .
/* Report total disk usage in Kilobytes */
31. fdformat -d -U
/* Format diskette */
32. mount -F hsfs -o ro `lofiadm -a /export/temp/software.iso` /mnt
/* Mount an ISO Image */
33. newfs -Nv /dev/rdsk/c0t0d0s1
/* To view the superfblocks available */
34. One-liner to copy a partition table
/* prtvtoc /dev/dsk/c1t2d0s2 | fmthard -s - /dev/rdsk/c1t3d0s2 */
35. prtvtoc /dev/rdsk/c0t0d0s2
/* Disk geometry and partitioning info */
36. prtvtoc /dev/rdsk/c0t0d0s2 | fmthard -s - /dev/rdsk/c0t1d0s2
/* Copy partition table from one disk to another */
37. quot -af
/* How much space is used by users in kilobytes */
38. volrmmount -i floppy
/* Mount a floppy or other media easily by its nickname. */
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Driver Parameters
39. ndd /dev/ip ip_forwarding
/* Show the ip_forwarding variable in the kernel */
40. ndd /dev/ip ip_forwarding 1
/* Set the ip_forwarding variable in the kernel */
41. ndd /dev/ip \?
/* Show all IP variables set in the kernel */
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File Manipulation
42. dos2unix | -ascii
/* Converts DOS file formats to Unix */
43. fold -w 180
/* To break lines to have maximum char */
44. split [-linecount]
/* Split files into pieces */
45. : %s/existing/new/g
/* Search and Replace text in vi */
46. :set list
/* Show non-printing characters in vi */
47. :set nu
/* Set line numbers in vi */
48. :set ts=
/* Set tab stops in vi */
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File System
49. /sbin/uadmin x x
/* Syncs File Systems and Reboots systems fast */
50. awk ' END {print NR}' file_name
/* Display the Number of lines in a file */
51. cat /dev/null > filename
/* Zero's out the file without breaking pipe */
52. cksum
/* View the checksum value for the given file */
53. dd if=/dev/rdsk/... of=/dev/rdsk/... bs=4096
/* Make a mirror image of your boot disk */
54. df -k | grep dg| awk '{print $6}' |xargs -n 1 umount
/* Unmount all file systems in disk group dg */
55. fsck -F ufs -o b=97472 /dev/rdsk/c0t0d0s0
/* Check and repair a UFS filesystem on c0t0d0s0, using an alternate superblock */
56. fsck -F ufs -y /dev/rdsk/c0t0d0s0
/* Check a UFS filesystem on c0t0d0s0, repair any problems without prompting. */
57. fsck -F ufs /dev/rdsk/c0t0d0s0
/* Check a UFS filesystem on c0t0d0s0 */
58. gzip -d -c tarball.tgz | (cd /;tar xf - ) &
/* Unpacking tarballs to diff location */
59. gzip -dc file1.tar.gz | tar xf -
/* Unpack .tar.gz files in place */
60. ln [-fhns]
/* Creating hard links and soft links */
61. ls -al | awk '$3 == "oracle" || $3 == "root" {print $9}'
/* List all file names by testing owner */
62. ls -l | sort +4n
/* List files by size */
63. ls -la | awk '{ print $5," ",$9 }' | sort -rn
/* File sizes of current directory */
64. ls -lR | awk '{total +=$5};END {print "Total size: " total/1024/1024 "MB" }'
/* Recursive directory size calculations in MB */
65. mkisofs -l -L -r -o .iso
/* Create an ISO image of a directory */
66. mount -F ufs -o rw,remount /
/* Used to remount root to make it writeable */
67. mount -o remount,logging /spare
/* Re-mount the ro file system rw and turn on ufs logging */
68. mount DOS fdisk partition from Solaris
/* mount -f pcfs /dev/dsk/c0d0p1 /export/dos */
69. mv {,.new_suffix}
/* Renaming file */
70. pax -rw . /newdir
/* Efficient alternative for copying directories */
71. prtvtoc /dev/rdsk/c0t0d0s2 | fmthard -s - /dev/rdsk/c0t1d0s2
/* Cloning Partitiontables */
72. rpm -q --queryformat '%{INSTALLPREFIX}\n'
/* Locate binaries */
73. tar cf - . | (cd /newdir ; tar xf -)
/* Recursively copy files and their permissions */
74. tar cvf filename.tar
/* Create a tape (tar) archive */
75. tar xvf filename.tar
/* Extract a tape (tar) archive */
76. X=$(wc -l '
/* Converts hexadecimal number to decimal. */
86. /usr/bin/catman -w
/* Create windex databases for man page directories */
87. echo 'obase=16;255' | bc
/* Simple way to convert decimal to hex */
88. FQ_FILENAME=; echo ${FQ_FILENAME%/*}
/* Extract directory from fully-qualified file name. */
89. mailx -H -u
/* List out mail headers for specified user */
90. ps -ef | grep -i $@
/* Access common commands quicker */
91. set filec
/* Set file-completion for csh */
92. uuencode | mailx -s "Subject"
/* Send files as attachments */
93. xauth -f /home/${LOGNAME} extract - ${DISPLAY} | xauth merge -
/* Allow root to xdisplay after su */
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Hardware
94. cfgadm
/* Verify reconfigurable hardware resources */
95. m64config -depth 8|24
/* Sets the screen depth of your M64 graphics accelerator */
96. m64config -prconf
/* Print M64 hardware configuration */
97. m64config -res 'video_mode'
/* Change the resolution of your M64 graphics accelerator */
98. prtpicl -v | grep sync-speed
/* Discover SCSI sync speed */
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Kernel
99. /usr/sbin/modinfo
/* Display kernel module information */
100. /usr/sbin/modload
/* Load a kernel module */
101. /usr/sbin/modunload -i
/* Unload a kernel module */
102. /usr/sbin/sysdef
/* Show system kernal tunable details */
103. nm -x /dev/ksyms | grep OBJ | more
/* Tuneable kernel parameters */
104. update_drv -f
/* Force a driver to reread it's .conf file without reloading the driver */
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Memory
105. pagesize -a
/* Available page sizes for Solaris 9 */
106. prtconf | grep Mem
/* Display Memory Size of the local machine. */
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Network Information
107. arp -a
/* Ethernet address arp table */
108. arp -d myhost
/* Delete an ethernet address arp table entry */
109. lsof
-iTCP@10.20.2.9
/* Display open files for internet address */
110. named-xfer -z qantas.com.au -f /tmp/allip
/* Get All IP Addresses On A DNS Server */
111. ndd /dev/arp arp_cache_report
/* Prints ARP table in cache with IP and MAC address */
112. netstat -a | grep EST | wc -l
/* Displays number active established connections to the localhost */
113. netstat -a | more
/* Show the state of all the sockets on a machine */
114. netstat -i
/* Show the state of the interfaces used for TCP/IP traffice */
115. netstat -k hme0
/* Undocumented netstat command */
116. netstat -np
/* Similar to arp -a without name resolution */
117. netstat -r
/* Show the state of the network routing table for TCP/IP traffic */
118. netstat -rn
/* Displays routing information but bypasses hostname lookup. */
119. snoop -S -ta
/* Snoop for network packets and get size and time stamp entries. */
120. traceroute
/* Follow the route to the ipaddress */
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Network Tuning
121. /sbin/ifconfig hme0:1 inet 10.210.xx.xxx netmask 255.255.0.0 broadcast 10.210.xxx.xxx
/* Virtual Interfaces */
122. /sbin/ifconfig hme0:1 up
/* Bring virtual interface up */
123. /usr/sbin/ndd -set /dev/hme adv_100fdx_cap 1
/* Nailling to 100Mbps */
124. ifconfig eth0 10.1.1.1 netmask 255.255.255.255
/* Add an Interface */
125. ifconfig eth0 mtu 1500
/* Change MTU of interface */
126. ndd -set /dev/ip ip_addrs_per_if 1-8192
/* To set more than 256 virtual ip addresses. */
127. ndd -set /dev/tcp tcp_recv_hiwat 65535
/* Increase TCP-receivebuffers on Sol2.5.1 systems with 100BaseTx */
128. ndd -set /dev/tcp tcp_xmit_hiwat 65535
/* Increase TCP-transmitbuffers on Sol2.5.1 systems with 100BaseTx */
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Processes
129. /usr/proc/bin/ptree
/* Print the parent/child process 'tree' of a process */
130. /usr/proc/bin/pwdx
/* Print the working directory of a process */
131. /usr/ucb/ps -aux | more
/* Displays CPU % usage for each process in ascending order */
132. /usr/ucb/ps -auxww | grep
/* Gives the full listing of the process (long listing) */
133. coreadm -i core.%f.%p
/* Append program name and process id to core file names */
134. fuser -uc /var
/* Processes that are running from /var */
135. ipcs
/* Report inter-process communication facilities status */
136. kill -HUP `ps -ef | grep roccess | awk '{print $2}'`
/* HUP any related process in one step */
137. lsof -i TCP:25
/* Mapping port with process */
138. pfiles
/* Shows processes' current open files */
139. pkill -n
/* Kill a process by name */
140. prstat -a
/* An alternative for top command */
141. ps -edf -o pcpu,pid,user,args
/* Nicely formatted 'ps' */
142. ps -ef | grep -i| awk '{ print $2 }'
/* Creates list of running PID by*/
143. ps -ef | grep -i| awk '{ print $2 }'
/* Creates list of running PID by */
144. ps -ef | grep| grep -v grep | cut -c 10-15 | xargs kill -9
/* Find and kill all instances of a given process */
145. ps -ef | more
/* Show all processes running */
146. ps -ef|grep -v "0:00"|more
/* Gives you a list of any process with CPU time more than 0:00 */
147. ps -eo pid,args
/* List processes in simplified format */
148. ps -fu oracle|grep pmon
/* See which instances of Oracle are running */
149. top -b 1
/* Returns the process utilizing the most cpu and quits */
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Resource Management
150. /usr/bin/ldd
/* List the dynamic dependencies of executable files */
151. /usr/proc/bin/pmap pid
/* Report address space map a process occupies */
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Route Configuration
152. route add net 128.50.0.0 128.50.1.6 1
/* Add a route to the routing table */
153. route change 128.50.0.0 128.50.1.5
/* Changes the destination address for a route */
154. route delete net 128.50.0.0 128.50.1.6
/* Delete a route from the routing table */
155. route flush
/* Flush the routing table, which will remove all entries */
156. route get
/* Which interface will be used to contact hostname */
157. route monitor
/* Monitor routing table lookup misses and changes */
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Searching Items
158. cat| awk '{if (substr($1,1,1) == '#') print $0 }'
/* Print all lines in a file beginning with a specific character */
159. egrep "patterna|patternb"
/* Search for multiple patterns within the same file */
160. find-name "" -exec rm -rf {} \;
/* Recursively finds files by name and automatically removes them */
161. find . -type f -print | xargs grep -i
/* Recursive grep on files */
162. find . ! -mtime - | /usr/bin/xargs rm -rf
/* Finds and removes files older thanspecified */
163. find . -exec egrep -li "str" {} \;
/* Find a string in files starting cwd */
164. find . -mtime -1 -type f
/* Find recently modified files */
165. find . -type f -exec grep "" {} \; -print
/* Find files (and content) containingwithin directory tree */
166. find . -type f -exec grep -l "" {} \;
/* Find files (and content) containingwithin directory tree */
167. find ./ \! -type f -exec ls -l {} \;|grep -v '^'|grep -v 'total' | wc -l
/* Find number of directories under the current directory */
168. find / -fstype nfs -prune -o fstype autofs -prune -o -name filename -print
/* find without traversing NFS mounted file systems */
169. find / -mtime
/* Find files modified during the past # of days */
170. find / -perm -2 -a ! -type l
/* Find files writable by 'others' */
171. find / -type f |xargs ls -s | sort -rn |more
/* List files taking up the most system space */
172. find / -user
/* Find all files owned by*/
173. find / -xdev -type f -ls|sort -nr -k 7,7
/* Find largest files in a file system */
174. find / | grep
/* Fast way to search for files */
175. find /proc/*/fd -links 0 -type f -size +2000 -ls
/* Find large files moved or deleted and held open by a process */
176. grep/var/sadm/install/contents| awk '{ print $1 ' ' $10 }'
/* Find which package contains a particular file */
177. ls -lR | grep
/* Fast alternative to find. */
178. pkgchk -l -p /absolute/path/todir
/* Which package does this file belong to? */
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Security
179. cryptabc && rm abc.cr
/* Decrypting a file that has been encrypted */
180. cryptabc.cr && rm abc
/* File encryption with crypt */
181. echo 'Please go away' > /etc/nologin
/* Stops users logging in */
182. find / -perm -0777 -type d -ls
/* Find all your writable directories */
183. find / -type f -perm -2000 -print
/* Find all SGID files */
184. find / -type f -perm -4000 -print
/* find all SUID files */
185. getpwenc password
/* Genrate passwords for LDAP Using 'getpwenc' Utility */
186. trap 'exit 0' 1 2 3 9 15
/* Trap specific signals and exit */
187. vi -x
/* Encrypt a file with vi editor */
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Setting Term Options
188. stty erase ^?
/* Set the delete key to delete a character */
189. stty erase ^H
/* Set the backspace to delete a character */
190. stty sane
/* Reset terminal after viewing a binary file. */
191. tput rmacs
/* Reset to standard char set */
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Snoop
192. snoop -d pcelx0
/* Watch all the packets on a device */
193. snoop -i /tmp/mylog -o /tmp/newlog host1
/* Filter out all the host1 packets and write them to a new logfile */
194. snoop -i /tmp/mylog -v -p101
/* Show verbose info on packet number 101 in the logfile */
195. snoop -i /tmp/mylog host1 host2
/* View packets from a logfile between hosts1 and host2 */
196. snoop -o /tmp/mylog pcelx0
/* Save all the packets from a device to a logfile */
197. snoop -s 120
/* Return the first 120 bytes in the packet header */
198. snoop -v arp
/* Capture arp broadcasts on your network */
199. snoop port
/* Monitor particular port for traffic */
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Swap Files
200. mkfile -nv 10m /export/disk1/myswap
/* Makes an empty 10 Megabyte swapfile in /export/disk */
201. mkfile -v 10m /export/disk1/myswap
/* Makes a 10 Megabyte swapfile in /export/disk */
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Swap Space
202. swap -a /export/disk1/swapfile
/* Add a swap file */
203. swap -d /dev/dsk/c0t0d0s4
/* Delete a swap device */
204. swap -l
/* List the current swap devices */
205. swap -s
/* List the amount of swap space available */
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System Configuration
206. /usr/sbin/eeprom auto-boot? false
/* Changes eeprom autoboot? setting without going to Ok prompt */
207. /usr/sbin/eeprom diag-switch? true
/* Set the system to perform diagnostics on the next reboot. */
208. /usr/sbin/eeprom local-mac-address?=true
/* Multiple Port Network Card Setting */
209. /usr/sbin/grpck
/* Check /etc/group file syntax */
210. /usr/sbin/pwck
/* Check /etc/passwd file syntax */
211. /usr/sbin/sys-unconfig
/* Clear host specific network configuration information */
212. /usr/sbin/useradd
/* Add a new user to the system */
213. drvconfig ; disks
/* Adding hot-plug disks to system */
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System Information/Monitoring
214. /bin/echo "0t${stamp}>Y\n 13 | grep ':'
/* Get the time on remote Unix machine */
232. uname -a
/* Displays system information */
233. uname -X
/* Displays system information */
234. vmstat 10
/* Displays summary of what the system is doing every 10 seconds */
235. who -b
/* Displays the date of the last system reboot. */
236. ypcat hosts | sort -n -t. +0 -1 +1 -2 +2 -3 +3 -4
/* Take the input of "ypcat hosts" or "cat /etc/inet/hosts" and sort by IP. */
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