freeBSD图形界面配置（一）——基本配置
系统是刚装的freeBSD8.0Release，athlon3000+处理器，Nvidia6100集成显卡，明基FP71G显示器，USB鼠标，PS2键盘
首先当然是Xorg的安装，可以用下面的命令安装
pkg_add -r xorg
我输入上面命令后提示xorg已经安装，应该是在装系统时已经安装了
然后输入
startx
发现可以成功的启动X，不过不能响应键盘鼠标的输入，使用Xorg -configure产生的xorg.conf文件反倒不能启动X(启动X后可以用ctrl+alt+backspace退出图形界面)
安装kde4
pkg_add_r kde4
同样的，系统提示已经安装kde4
然后告诉X server 启动这个应用程序来代替默认的窗口管理器，这可以通过编辑.xinitrc来完成：
echo "exec /usr/local/kde4/bin/startkde" > ~/.xinitrc
现在，输入startx就可以启动kde桌面环境了，不过分辨率还不够，另外，我的USB鼠标还是不能用
为了使每个用户都能正常进入kde4桌面环境，需要对每个用户都进行上面的配置（.xinitrc文件）
为了提供图形化的登录界面，还需要编辑/etc/ttys文件，修改其中的ttyv8项，将其改为下面的样子：
ttyv8 "/usr/local/kde4/bin/kdm -nodaemon" xterm on secure
然后输入reboot重启，就能自动出现图形登录界面了，不过郁闷的是似乎不接受我的鼠标键盘输入，
这个问题手册上没写，GOOGLE了一下，改了一堆乱七八糟的配置，其中被改动的文件有：
1)/etc/rc.conf，改到最后是这个样子：
# -- sysinstall generated deltas -- # Sat Dec 12 06:09:48 2009
# Created: Sat Dec 12 06:09:48 2009
# Enable network daemons for user convenience.
# Please make all changes to this file, not to /etc/defaults/rc.conf.
# This file now contains just the overrides from /etc/defaults/rc.conf.
hostname="FreeBSD.domain"
ifconfig_rl0="DHCP"
inetd_enable="YES"
keymap="us.iso" #/var/run/moused.pid";
};
到这里，已经可以响应键鼠的输入了，但是分辨率太低的问题还是没解决，关键是按照我前面的步骤，我的/etc/X11/下还没有xorg.conf呢
只好回到前面，开始修改/root/xorg.conf.new，修改其中的Section "Screen"部分为如下的样子
Section "Screen"
Identifier "Screen0"
Device "Card0"
DefaultDepth 24
Monitor "Monitor0"
SubSection "Display"
Viewport 0 0
Depth 24
Modes "1280x1024" "800x600" "640x480"
EndSubSection
EndSection
其中1280x1024是我的显示器的分辨率
然后startx，很不幸，系统提示只能启动一个X server，怒了，修改/etc/ttys中的ttyv8项：
ttyv8 "/usr/libexec/getty Pc" cons25onsecure
#ttyv8"/usr/local/kde4/bin/kdm -nodaemon" xterm onsecure
重启.
开始重新捣腾X配置
运行Xorg -config xorg.conf.new，不行，于是
cp xorg.conf.new xorg.conf.test
vi xorg.conf.test
将其余部分全部删除，只保留Section "Screen"部分
还是不能启动X，报以下错误：
(EE) Failed to load module "fbdev" (module does not exist, 0)
上网求助，在
http://www.linuxquestions.org/questions/bsd-17/x-not-starting-on-freebsd-6.1-release-504004/
找到建议
#cd /usr/ports/x11/nvidia-driver/ && make install clean
但是郁闷的是ports中的驱动只支持32位系统，而我装的是amd64版，上官方网站下驱动吧
官方下载的驱动还不支持8.0系统，哎……
寻找直接安装32位软件的办法无果后，直接装了个xf86-video-nv
cd /usr/ports/x11-drivers/xf86-video-nv
make install clean
完成后继续运行
Xorg -config xorg.conf.new
还是不行
重新运行Xorg -configure之后尝试，继续失败
不管了，直接将xorg.conf.new复制到/etc/X11
cp ~/xorg.conf.new /etc/X11/xorg.conf
然后对其中相应的配置做了改动，比如刷新率，分辨率等
输入startx，终于把分辨率调好了，但是新问题又来了，我的鼠标呢？鼠标移动的时候倒是可以看到偶尔有地方变量，并且可以点击，说明鼠标输入还是有的，但是指针不见了
这个问题我以前遇见过，修改xorg.conf中的 Section "Device"部分，在下面增加一句：Option "HWCursor" "false",重启x window 就可以看见了
最后将/etc/ttys中ttyv8项修改回来，reboot一下，一切都是那么美好，唯一有点瑕疵的是任务栏右侧没有顶到屏幕边沿，这个直接拖一下就好了
明天继续整中文显示
附：最后我的xorg.conf
Section "ServerLayout"
Identifier "X.org Configured"
Screen 0"Screen0" 0 0
InputDevice "Mouse0" "CorePointer"
InputDevice "Keyboard0" "CoreKeyboard"
EndSection
Section "Files"
ModulePath "/usr/local/lib/xorg/modules"
FontPath "/usr/local/lib/X11/fonts/misc/"
FontPath "/usr/local/lib/X11/fonts/TTF/"
FontPath "/usr/local/lib/X11/fonts/OTF"
FontPath "/usr/local/lib/X11/fonts/Type1/"
FontPath "/usr/local/lib/X11/fonts/100dpi/"
FontPath "/usr/local/lib/X11/fonts/75dpi/"
EndSection
Section "Module"
Load"dbe"
Load"dri"
Load"dri2"
Load"extmod"
Load"glx"
Load"record"
EndSection
Section "InputDevice"
Identifier"Keyboard0"
Driver "kbd"
EndSection
Section "InputDevice"
Identifier"Mouse0"
Driver "mouse"
Option "Protocol" "auto"
Option "Device" "/dev/sysmouse"
Option "ZAxisMapping" "4 5 6 7"
EndSection
Section "Monitor"
Identifier "Monitor0"
VendorName "Monitor Vendor"
ModelName "Monitor Model"
HorizSync 31.5-64.0
VertRefresh56.0-65.0
Option "dpms"
EndSection
Section "Device"
### Available Driver options are:-
### Values: : integer, : float, : "True"/"False",
### : "String", : " Hz/kHz/MHz"
### : arg optional
#Option "SWcursor" # []
#Option "HWcursor" # []
#Option "NoAccel" # []
#Option "ShadowFB" # []
#Option "UseFBDev" # []
#Option "Rotate" # []
#Option "VideoKey" #
#Option "FlatPanel" # []
#Option "FPDither" # []
#Option "CrtcNumber" #
#Option "FPScale" # []
#Option "FPTweak" #
#Option "DualHead" # []
Identifier"Card0"
Driver "nv"
VendorName"nVidia Corporation"
BoardName "C51G "
BusID "PCI:0:5:0"
Option "HWCursor" "false"
EndSection
Section "Screen"
Identifier "Screen0"
Device "Card0"
Monitor "Monitor0"
DefaultDepth 24
SubSection "Display"
Viewport 0 0
Depth 1
Modes "1280x1024"
EndSubSection
EndSection
Section "ServerLayout"
Identifier "X.org Configured"
Screen 0"Screen0" 0 0
InputDevice "Mouse0" "CorePointer"
InputDevice "Keyboard0" "CoreKeyboard"
EndSection
Section "Files"
ModulePath "/usr/local/lib/xorg/modules"
FontPath "/usr/local/lib/X11/fonts/misc/"
FontPath "/usr/local/lib/X11/fonts/TTF/"
FontPath "/usr/local/lib/X11/fonts/OTF"
FontPath "/usr/local/lib/X11/fonts/Type1/"
FontPath "/usr/local/lib/X11/fonts/100dpi/"
FontPath "/usr/local/lib/X11/fonts/75dpi/"
EndSection
Section "Module"
Load"dbe"
Load"dri"
Load"dri2"
Load"extmod"
Load"glx"
Load"record"
EndSection
Section "InputDevice"
Identifier"Keyboard0"
Driver "kbd"
EndSection
Section "InputDevice"
Identifier"Mouse0"
Driver "mouse"
Option "Protocol" "auto"
Option "Device" "/dev/sysmouse"
Option "ZAxisMapping" "4 5 6 7"
EndSection
Section "Monitor"
Identifier "Monitor0"
VendorName "Monitor Vendor"
ModelName "Monitor Model"
HorizSync 31.5-64.0
VertRefresh56.0-65.0
Option "dpms"
EndSection
Section "Device"
### Available Driver options are:-
### Values: : integer, : float, : "True"/"False",
### : "String", : " Hz/kHz/MHz"
### : arg optional
#Option "SWcursor" # []
#Option "HWcursor" # []
#Option "NoAccel" # []
#Option "ShadowFB" # []
#Option "UseFBDev" # []
#Option "Rotate" # []
#Option "VideoKey" #
#Option "FlatPanel" # []
#Option "FPDither" # []
#Option "CrtcNumber" #
#Option "FPScale" # []
#Option "FPTweak" #
#Option "DualHead" # []
Identifier"Card0"
Driver "nv"
VendorName"nVidia Corporation"
BoardName "C51G "
BusID "PCI:0:5:0"
Option "HWCursor" "false"
EndSection
Section "Screen"
Identifier "Screen0"
Device "Card0"
Monitor "Monitor0"
DefaultDepth 24
SubSection "Display"
Viewport 0 0
Depth 1
Modes "1280x1024"
EndSubSection
EndSection
Section "ServerLayout"
Identifier "X.org Configured"
Screen 0"Screen0" 0 0
InputDevice "Mouse0" "CorePointer"
InputDevice "Keyboard0" "CoreKeyboard"
EndSection
Section "Files"
ModulePath "/usr/local/lib/xorg/modules"
FontPath "/usr/local/lib/X11/fonts/misc/"
FontPath "/usr/local/lib/X11/fonts/TTF/"
FontPath "/usr/local/lib/X11/fonts/OTF"
FontPath "/usr/local/lib/X11/fonts/Type1/"
FontPath "/usr/local/lib/X11/fonts/100dpi/"
FontPath "/usr/local/lib/X11/fonts/75dpi/"
EndSection
Section "Module"
Load"dbe"
Load"dri"
Load"dri2"
Load"extmod"
Load"glx"
Load"record"
EndSection
Section "InputDevice"
Identifier"Keyboard0"
Driver "kbd"
EndSection
Section "InputDevice"
Identifier"Mouse0"
Driver "mouse"
Option "Protocol" "auto"
Option "Device" "/dev/sysmouse"
Option "ZAxisMapping" "4 5 6 7"
EndSection
Section "Monitor"
Identifier "Monitor0"
VendorName "Monitor Vendor"
ModelName "Monitor Model"
HorizSync 31.5-64.0
VertRefresh56.0-65.0
Option "dpms"
EndSection
Section "Device"
### Available Driver options are:-
### Values: : integer, : float, : "True"/"False",
### : "String", : " Hz/kHz/MHz"
### : arg optional
#Option "SWcursor" # []
#Option "HWcursor" # []
#Option "NoAccel" # []
#Option "ShadowFB" # []
#Option "UseFBDev" # []
#Option "Rotate" # []
#Option "VideoKey" #
#Option "FlatPanel" # []
#Option "FPDither" # []
#Option "CrtcNumber" #
#Option "FPScale" # []
#Option "FPTweak" #
#Option "DualHead" # []
Identifier"Card0"
Driver "nv"
VendorName"nVidia Corporation"
BoardName "C51G "
BusID "PCI:0:5:0"
Option "HWCursor" "false"
EndSection
Section "Screen"
Identifier "Screen0"
Device "Card0"
Monitor "Monitor0"
DefaultDepth 24
SubSection "Display"
Viewport 0 0
Depth 1
Modes "1280x1024"
EndSubSection
EndSection
本文来自ChinaUnix博客，如果查看原文请点：http://blog.chinaunix.net/u3/105027/showart_2118623.html
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