Nginx+keepalived负载均衡篇
由于nginx的url hash功能可以很好的提升squid的性能，所以我把squid前端的负载均衡器更换为nginx，但是一台nginx就形成了单点，现在使用keepalived来解决这个问题，keepalived的故障转移时间很短，而且配置简单，这也是选择keepalived的一个主要原因，建议日PV值小的中小型企业web均可采用如下方案实行，下面直接上安装步骤：一、环境：
centos5.3、nginx-0.7.51、keepalived-1.1.19
主nginx负载均衡器：192.168.0.154
辅nginx负载均衡器：192.168.9.155
vip：192.168.0.188
二、安装keepalived
#tar zxvf keepalived-1.1.19.tar.gz
#cd keepalived-1.1.19
#./configure --prefix=/usr/local/keepalived
#make
#make install
#cp /usr/local/keepalived/sbin/keepalived /usr/sbin/
#cp /usr/local/keepalived/etc/sysconfig/keepalived /etc/sysconfig/
#cp /usr/local/keepalived/etc/rc.d/init.d/keepalived /etc/init.d/
#mkdir /etc/keepalived
#cd /etc/keepalived/
vim keepalived.conf
! Configuration File for keepalived
global_defs {
notification_email {
yuhongchun027@163.com
}
notification_email_from keepalived@chtopnet.com
smtp_server 127.0.0.1
smtp_connect_timeout 30
router_id LVS_DEVEL
}
vrrp_instance VI_1 {
state MASTER
interface eth0
virtual_router_id 51
mcast_src_ip 192.168.0.154 <==主nginx的IP地址
priority 100
advert_int 1
authentication {
auth_type PASS
auth_pass chtopnet
}
virtual_ipaddress {
192.168.0.188 <==VIP地址
}
}
#service keepalived start
我们来看一下日志：
# tail /var/log/messages
Oct 6 03:25:03 ltos avahi-daemon: Registering new address record for 192.168.0.188 on eth0.
Oct 6 03:25:03 ltos avahi-daemon: Registering new address record for 192.168.0.154 on eth0.
Oct 6 03:25:03 ltos avahi-daemon: Registering HINFO record with values 'I686'/'LINUX'.
Oct 6 03:25:23 ltos avahi-daemon: Withdrawing address record for fe80::20c:29ff:feb9:eeab on eth0.
Oct 6 03:25:23 ltos avahi-daemon: Withdrawing address record for 192.168.0.154 on eth0.
Oct 6 03:25:23 ltos avahi-daemon: Host name conflict, retrying with <ltos-31>
Oct 6 03:25:23 ltos avahi-daemon: Registering new address record for fe80::20c:29ff:feb9:eeab on eth0.
Oct 6 03:25:23 ltos avahi-daemon: Registering new address record for 192.168.0.188 on eth0.
Oct 6 03:25:23 ltos avahi-daemon: Registering new address record for 192.168.0.154 on eth0.
Oct 6 03:25:23 ltos avahi-daemon: Registering HINFO record with values 'I686'/'LINUX'.
很显然vrrp已经启动，我们还可以通过命令：#ip a 来检查
# ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 16436 qdisc noqueue
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
inet6 ::1/128 scope host
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast qlen 1000
link/ether 00:0c:29:ba:9b:e7 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.0.154/24 brd 192.168.0.255 scope global eth0
inet 192.168.0.188/32 scope global eth0
inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:feba:9be7/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
3: sit0: <NOARP> mtu 1480 qdisc noop
link/sit 0.0.0.0 brd 0.0.0.0
说明vip已经启动，这样主服务器就配置好了，辅机的配置大致一样，除了配置文件有少部分的变化，下面贴出辅机的配置文件：
! Configuration File for keepalived
global_defs {
notification_email {
yuhongchun027@163.com
}
notification_email_from keepalived@chtopnet.com
smtp_server 127.0.0.1
smtp_connect_timeout 30
router_id LVS_DEVEL
}
vrrp_instance VI_1 {
state BACKUP
interface eth0
virtual_router_id 51
mcast_src_ip 192.168.0.155 <==从nginx的IP的地址
priority 100
advert_int 1
authentication {
auth_type PASS
auth_pass chtopnet
}
virtual_ipaddress {
192.168.0.188
}
}
检查其配置
# ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 16436 qdisc noqueue
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
inet6 ::1/128 scope host
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast qlen 1000
link/ether 00:0c:29:ba:9b:e7 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.0.155/24 brd 192.168.0.255 scope global eth0
inet 192.168.0.188/32 scope global eth0
inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:feba:9be7/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
3: sit0: <NOARP> mtu 1480 qdisc noop
link/sit 0.0.0.0 brd 0.0.0.0
测试其效果方法很简单，分别在主辅机上建立不同的主页，index.html的内容分别为192.168.0.154,192.168.0.155，然后用客户机上elinks http://192.168.0.188,主机down掉后辅机会马上接替提供服务，间隔时间几乎无法感觉出来, 这么做我发现了一个问题 就是假如服务DOWN了 但网络正常通信 服务是不会飘过来的 还是做一个脚本来检测服务，可以去查询一下 keepalived 中执行脚本就可以解决楼上的问题
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