努力小伙 发表于 2011-12-21 08:44

perl 的几个常用的基础函数

<div id="codeText" class="codeText"><ol style="margin:0 1px 0 0;padding:5px 0;" start="1" class="dp-css"><li><span style="color:#000000;">#<span style="color:#0000CC;">!</span><span style="color:#0000CC;">/</span>usr<span style="color:#0000CC;">/</span>bin<span style="color:#0000CC;">/</span>perl <span style="color:#0000CC;">-</span>w<br></span></li><li>
use strict<span style="color:#0000CC;">;</span><br></li><li>
<br></li><li>
my $decimal <span style="color:#0000CC;">=</span> hex<span style="color:#0000CC;">(</span><span style="color:#FF00FF;">"af"</span><span style="color:#0000CC;">)</span><span style="color:#0000CC;">;</span>#十六进制转换为十进制<br></li><li>
print <span style="color:#FF00FF;">"$decimal\n"</span><span style="color:#0000CC;">;</span><br></li><li>
<br></li><li>
my $rand_num <span style="color:#0000CC;">=</span> rand<span style="color:#0000CC;">(</span>4<span style="color:#0000CC;">)</span><span style="color:#0000CC;">;</span>#求0<span style="color:#0000CC;">-</span>4以内的随机数<br></li><li>
print <span style="color:#FF00FF;">"$rand_num\n"</span><span style="color:#0000CC;">;</span><br></li><li>
<br></li><li>
my $rand_int <span style="color:#0000CC;">=</span> int<span style="color:#0000CC;">(</span>rand<span style="color:#0000CC;">(</span>4<span style="color:#0000CC;">)</span><span style="color:#0000CC;">)</span><span style="color:#0000CC;">;</span>#0<span style="color:#0000CC;">-</span>4之间的随机整数<br></li><li>
print <span style="color:#FF00FF;">"$rand_int\n"</span><span style="color:#0000CC;">;</span><br></li><li>
<br></li><li>
my <span style="color:#0000CC;">(</span><span style="color:#0000CC;">$</span>sec<span style="color:#0000CC;">,</span><span style="color:#0000CC;">$</span>min<span style="color:#0000CC;">,</span><span style="color:#0000CC;">$</span>hour<span style="color:#0000CC;">,</span><span style="color:#0000CC;">$</span>mday<span style="color:#0000CC;">,</span><span style="color:#0000CC;">$</span>mon<span style="color:#0000CC;">,</span><br></li><li>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;$year<span style="color:#0000CC;">,</span><span style="color:#0000CC;">$</span>wday<span style="color:#0000CC;">,</span><span style="color:#0000CC;">$</span>yday<span style="color:#0000CC;">,</span><span style="color:#0000CC;">$</span>isdist<span style="color:#0000CC;">)</span> <span style="color:#0000CC;">=</span> localtime<span style="color:#0000CC;">(</span>time<span style="color:#0000CC;">)</span><span style="color:#0000CC;">;</span> #localtime(time)<br></li><li>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;#返回9个时间元素<br></li><li>
print <span style="color:#FF00FF;">"$hour:$min:$sec\n"</span><span style="color:#0000CC;">;</span><br></li><li>
<br></li><li>
my @file_stat <span style="color:#0000CC;">=</span> stat<span style="color:#0000CC;">(</span><span style="color:#FF00FF;">"found.pl"</span><span style="color:#0000CC;">)</span><span style="color:#0000CC;">;</span> #返回12个值<br></li><li>
print <span style="color:#FF00FF;">"@file_stat\n"</span><span style="color:#0000CC;">;</span><br></li><li>
<br></li><li>
#数组<span style="color:#0000CC;">-</span><span style="color:#0000CC;">-</span>grep函数<br></li><li>
my @array <span style="color:#0000CC;">=</span> qw<span style="color:#0000CC;">(</span><span style="color:#FF00FF;">"google"</span> <span style="color:#FF00FF;">"domain"</span> <span style="color:#FF00FF;">"hello"</span> <span style="color:#FF00FF;">"pen"</span><span style="color:#0000CC;">)</span><span style="color:#0000CC;">;</span><br></li><li>
print <span style="color:#FF00FF;">"@array\n"</span><span style="color:#0000CC;">;</span><br></li><li>
<br></li><li>
my @filter <span style="color:#0000CC;">=</span> grep<span style="color:#0000CC;">(</span><span style="color:#0000CC;">/</span>o<span style="color:#0000CC;">/</span><span style="color:#0000CC;">,</span><span style="color:#0000CC;">@</span>array<span style="color:#0000CC;">)</span><span style="color:#0000CC;">;</span><br></li><li>
print <span style="color:#FF00FF;">"@filter\n"</span><span style="color:#0000CC;">;</span><br></li><li>
<br></li><li>
#数组<br></li><li>
<span style="color:#0000CC;">(</span>my $first_elem<span style="color:#0000CC;">)</span> <span style="color:#0000CC;">=</span> @filter<span style="color:#0000CC;">;</span> #把数组的第一个元素赋值给变量<br></li><li>
print <span style="color:#FF00FF;">"$first_elem\n"</span><span style="color:#0000CC;">;</span><br></li><li>
<br></li><li>
#哈希表<span style="color:#0000CC;">-</span><span style="color:#0000CC;">-</span>delete<br></li><li>
my %hash <span style="color:#0000CC;">=</span> <span style="color:#0000CC;">(</span><br></li><li>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span style="color:#FF0000;">name</span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span style="color:#0000CC;">=</span><span style="color:#0000CC;">&gt;</span> <span style="color:#FF00FF;">"Tou"</span><span style="color:#0000CC;">,</span><br></li><li>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;age&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span style="color:#0000CC;">=</span><span style="color:#0000CC;">&gt;</span> <span style="color:#FF00FF;">"24"</span><span style="color:#0000CC;">,</span><br></li><li>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span style="color:#0000FF;">address</span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span style="color:#0000CC;">=</span><span style="color:#0000CC;">&gt;</span> <span style="color:#FF00FF;">"GuangZhou"</span><br></li><li>
<span style="color:#0000CC;">)</span><span style="color:#0000CC;">;</span><br></li><li>
#删除key为name的元素<br></li><li>
delete $hash<span style="color:#0000CC;">{</span><span style="color:#FF00FF;">"name"</span><span style="color:#0000CC;">}</span><span style="color:#0000CC;">;</span><br></li><li>
<br></li><li>
foreach <span style="color:#0000CC;">(</span>keys %hash<span style="color:#0000CC;">)</span><span style="color:#0000CC;">{</span><br></li><li>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<br></li><li>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;my $<span style="color:#FF0000;">value</span> <span style="color:#0000CC;">=</span> $hash<span style="color:#0000CC;">{</span><span style="color:#0000CC;">$</span>_<span style="color:#0000CC;">}</span><span style="color:#0000CC;">;</span><br></li><li>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;print <span style="color:#FF00FF;">"$_ =&gt; $value\n"</span><span style="color:#0000CC;">;</span><br></li><li>
<span style="color:#0000CC;">}</span><br></li><li>
<br></li><li>
#split函数<br></li><li>
my $str <span style="color:#0000CC;">=</span> <span style="color:#FF00FF;">"China-Is-Greatful!"</span><span style="color:#0000CC;">;</span><br></li><li>
my @splits <span style="color:#0000CC;">=</span> split<span style="color:#0000CC;">(</span><span style="color:#0000CC;">/</span><span style="color:#0000CC;">-</span><span style="color:#0000CC;">/</span><span style="color:#0000CC;">,</span><span style="color:#0000CC;">$</span>str<span style="color:#0000CC;">)</span><span style="color:#0000CC;">;</span><br></li><li>
print <span style="color:#FF00FF;">"@splits\n"</span><span style="color:#0000CC;">;</span><br></li><li>
<br></li><li>
#reverse 函数,反转<br></li><li>
my @<span style="color:#FF0000;">rev</span> <span style="color:#0000CC;">=</span> reverse<span style="color:#0000CC;">(</span><span style="color:#0000CC;">@</span>splits<span style="color:#0000CC;">)</span><span style="color:#0000CC;">;</span><br></li><li>
print <span style="color:#FF00FF;">"@rev\n"</span><span style="color:#0000CC;">;</span><br></li><li>
<br></li><li>
#sort 函数,排序<br></li><li>
my @numbers <span style="color:#0000CC;">=</span> qw<span style="color:#0000CC;">(</span>1 3 2 34 21 0 2<span style="color:#0000CC;">)</span><span style="color:#0000CC;">;</span><br></li><li>
my @sort_num <span style="color:#0000CC;">=</span> <span style="color:#0000CC;">(</span>sort<span style="color:#0000CC;">{</span><span style="color:#0000CC;">$</span><span style="color:#0000FF;">a</span> <span style="color:#0000CC;">&lt;</span><span style="color:#0000CC;">=</span><span style="color:#0000CC;">&gt;</span> $<span style="color:#0000FF;">b</span><span style="color:#0000CC;">}</span> @numbers<span style="color:#0000CC;">)</span><span style="color:#0000CC;">;</span><br></li><li>
print <span style="color:#FF00FF;">"@sort_num\n"</span><span style="color:#0000CC;">;</span><br></li><li>
<br></li><li>
#length 函数,求长度<br></li><li>
print length<span style="color:#0000CC;">(</span><span style="color:#0000CC;">$</span>str<span style="color:#0000CC;">)</span><span style="color:#0000CC;">,</span><span style="color:#FF00FF;">"\n"</span><span style="color:#0000CC;">;</span><br></li><li>
<br></li><li>
#substr 函数,抽提字串<br></li><li>
print substr<span style="color:#0000CC;">(</span><span style="color:#0000CC;">$</span>str<span style="color:#0000CC;">,</span>2<span style="color:#0000CC;">,</span>4<span style="color:#0000CC;">)</span><span style="color:#0000CC;">,</span><span style="color:#FF00FF;">"\n"</span><span style="color:#0000CC;">;</span><br></li><li>
<br></li><li>
#index 函数,查找字符串第一次出现的位置<br></li><li>
print index<span style="color:#0000CC;">(</span><span style="color:#0000CC;">$</span>str<span style="color:#0000CC;">,</span><span style="color:#FF00FF;">"ea"</span><span style="color:#0000CC;">,</span>5<span style="color:#0000CC;">)</span><span style="color:#0000CC;">,</span><span style="color:#FF00FF;">"\n"</span><span style="color:#0000CC;">;</span><br></li><li>
<br></li><li>
#join 函数,在数组元素之间加入指定字符串<br></li><li>
print join<span style="color:#0000CC;">(</span><span style="color:#FF00FF;">" &lt;= "</span><span style="color:#0000CC;">,</span><span style="color:#0000CC;">@</span>sort_num<span style="color:#0000CC;">)</span><span style="color:#0000CC;">,</span><span style="color:#FF00FF;">"\n"</span><span style="color:#0000CC;">;</span></li></ol></div>
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