索引监控(转载)

avinliu 发表于 2011-12-22 08:54

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 简介： DBA和开发者都衷爱索引. 因为索引能加快查询的速度，特别是在数据仓库的环境，为了避免全表扫描。我们为每个可能被查询的列加上索引。但索引有时也会为更新和插入增加许多额外的开销。 特别在ORACLE9I中。很难发现哪些索引是有用的，哪些是没有用的。本文介绍了怎样判断哪些索引被使用了。哪些没有被使用。 找出没用被使用的索引。 Oracle9i 中提供了一些机制来监视哪些索引被使用了，哪些没有被使用。
 
使用下列命令开始监视一个索引的使用情况。 ALTER INDEX index_name MONITORING USAGE; 停止监视命令。 ALTER INDEX index_name NOMONITORING USAGE;
 监视到索引的使用信息被存储在 V$OBJECT_USAGE 视图中。
视图中的一些列的具体含义： INDEX_NAME: sys.obj$.name中索引的名字。 TABLE_NAME: sys.obj$obj$name中表的名字。 MONITORING: YES (索引正在被监视), NO (索引没有被监视) USED: YES（索引被使用了） NO (索引没有被使用) START_MONITORING: 监视开始的时间。 END_MONITORING: 监视结束的时间。 所有被使用过的索引，哪怕被用过一次也会显示在这个视图中。但一个用户只能监视他自己模式中索引的使用情况。ORACLE没有提供监视所有模式中的索引的功能。要想监视所有模式中的索引的使用情况，请用SYS登录。执行下列脚本。
创建监视到索引V$OBJECT_USAGE 视图 $ cat all_object_usage.sql CREATE OR REPLACE VIEW SYS.V$ALL_OBJECT_USAGE ( OWNER, INDEX_NAME, TABLE_NAME, MONITORING, USED, START_MONITORING, END_MONITORING ) AS select u.name, io.name, t.name, decode(bitand(i.flags, 65536), 0, 'NO', 'YES'), decode(bitand(ou.flags, 1), 0, 'NO', 'YES'), ou.start_monitoring, ou.end_monitoring from sys.obj$ io, sys.obj$ t, sys.ind$ i, sys.object_usage ou, sys.user$ u where i.obj# = ou.obj# and io.obj# = ou.obj# and t.obj# = i.bo# and io.owner# = u.user# / COMMENT ON TABLE SYS.V$ALL_OBJECT_USAGE IS 'Record of all index usage - developed by Liu' / GRANT SELECT ON SYS.V$ALL_OBJECT_USAGE TO "PUBLIC" / CREATE PUBLIC SYNONYM V$ALL_OBJECT_USAGE FOR SYS.V$ALL_OBJECT_USAGE / 每次发出 MONITORING USAGE命令,视图都会重新设置这些索引的信息，开始时间被重新设定。 当您发出 NOMONITORING USAGE命令时, 监视结束。结束时间被设定。当您删除一个索引时，索引的监视信息也会从V$OBJECT_USAGE 或者 V$ALL_OBJECT_USAGE 视图中被删除。 找出数据库中所有没有被删除的索引。
 
开启监视所有索引使用情况的功能。 ##################################################################### ## start_index_monitoring.sh ## ##################################################################### #!/bin/ksh # input parameter: 1: password # 2: SID if (($#<1)) then echo "Please enter 'system' user password as the first parameter !" exit 0 fi if (($#<2)) then echo "Please enter instance name as the second parameter!" exit 0 fi sqlplus -s <<! system/$1@$2 set heading off set feed off set pagesize 200 set linesize 100 spool start_index_monitoring.sql select 'ALTER INDEX '||OWNER||'.'||INDEX_NAME||' MONITORING USAGE;' from dba_indexes where owner not in ('SYS','SYSTEM','OUTLN','AURORA\$JIS\$UTILITY\$'); spool off exit ! sqlplus -s <<! oracle/$1@$2 @./start_index_monitoring.sql exit ! 停止监视索引使用功能的脚本。 ##################################################################### ## stop_index_monitoring.sh ## ##################################################################### #!/bin/ksh # input parameter: 1: password # 2: SID if (($#<1)) then echo "Please enter 'system' user password as the first parameter !" exit 0 fi if (($#<2)) then echo "Please enter instance name as the second parameter!" exit 0 fi sqlplus -s <<! system/$1@$2 set heading off set feed off set pagesize 200 set linesize 100 spool stop_index_monitoring.sql select 'ALTER INDEX '||OWNER||'.'||INDEX_NAME||' NOMONITORING USAGE;' from dba_indexes where owner not in ('SYS','SYSTEM','OUTLN','AURORA/$JIS/$UTILITY/$'); spool off exit ! exit sqlplus -s <<! oracle/$1@$2 @./stop_index_monitoring.sql exit ! 生成有关没有被使用索引的使用报告。 ##################################################################### ## identify_unused_index.sh ## ##################################################################### #!/bin/ksh # input parameter: 1: password # 2: SID if (($#<1)) then echo "Please enter 'system' user password as the first parameter !" exit 0 fi if (($#<2)) then echo "Please enter instance name as the second parameter!" exit 0 fi sqlplus -s <<! system/$1@$2 set feed off set pagesize 200 set linesize 100 ttitle center "Unused Indexes Report" skip 2 spool unused_index.rpt select owner,index_name,table_name,used from v\$all_object_usage where used = 'NO'; spool off exit ! 下面是一个报告的例子：
未使用索引情况
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OWNER</TD>
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INDEX_NAME</TD>
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TABLE_NAME</TD>
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MONITORING</TD>
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USED</TD></TR>
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DBSNMP</TD>
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MGMT_DB_FILE_GTT_PK</TD>
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MGMT_DB_FILE_GTT</TD>
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YES</TD>
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NO</TD></TR>
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DBSNMP</TD>
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MGMT_DB_SIZE_GTT_PK</TD>
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MGMT_DB_SIZE_GTT</TD>
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YES</TD>
<TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #ece9d8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #ece9d8; WIDTH: 28.25pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; HEIGHT: 12.75pt; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=bottom noWrap width=38>
NO</TD></TR>
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DBSNMP</TD>
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BSLN_DATASOURCES_PK</TD>
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MGMT_BSLN_DATASOURCES</TD>
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YES</TD>
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NO</TD></TR>
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DBSNMP</TD>
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BSLN_DATASOURCES_UK1</TD>
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MGMT_BSLN_DATASOURCES</TD>
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YES</TD>
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NO</TD></TR>
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DBSNMP</TD>
<TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #ece9d8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #ece9d8; WIDTH: 129.3pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; HEIGHT: 12.75pt; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=bottom noWrap width=172>
BSLN_BASELINES_PK</TD>
<TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #ece9d8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #ece9d8; WIDTH: 165.65pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; HEIGHT: 12.75pt; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=bottom noWrap width=221>
MGMT_BSLN_BASELINES</TD>
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YES</TD>
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NO</TD></TR>
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DBSNMP</TD>
<TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #ece9d8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #ece9d8; WIDTH: 129.3pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; HEIGHT: 12.75pt; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=bottom noWrap width=172>
BSLN_BASELINES_UK1</TD>
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MGMT_BSLN_BASELINES</TD>
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YES</TD>
<TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #ece9d8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #ece9d8; WIDTH: 28.25pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; HEIGHT: 12.75pt; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=bottom noWrap width=38>
NO</TD></TR>
<TR style="HEIGHT: 12.75pt; mso-yfti-irow: 7">
<TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #ece9d8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1pt solid; WIDTH: 46.25pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; HEIGHT: 12.75pt; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=bottom noWrap width=62>
DBSNMP</TD>
<TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #ece9d8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #ece9d8; WIDTH: 129.3pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; HEIGHT: 12.75pt; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=bottom noWrap width=172>
BSLN_METRICS_PK</TD>
<TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #ece9d8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #ece9d8; WIDTH: 165.65pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; HEIGHT: 12.75pt; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=bottom noWrap width=221>
MGMT_BSLN_METRICS</TD>
<TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #ece9d8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #ece9d8; WIDTH: 64.05pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; HEIGHT: 12.75pt; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=bottom noWrap width=85>
YES</TD>
<TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #ece9d8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #ece9d8; WIDTH: 28.25pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; HEIGHT: 12.75pt; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=bottom noWrap width=38>
NO</TD></TR>
<TR style="HEIGHT: 12.75pt; mso-yfti-irow: 8">
<TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #ece9d8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1pt solid; WIDTH: 46.25pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; HEIGHT: 12.75pt; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=bottom noWrap width=62>
DBSNMP</TD>
<TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #ece9d8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #ece9d8; WIDTH: 129.3pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; HEIGHT: 12.75pt; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=bottom noWrap width=172>
BSLN_STATISTICS_PK</TD>
<TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #ece9d8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #ece9d8; WIDTH: 165.65pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; HEIGHT: 12.75pt; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=bottom noWrap width=221>
MGMT_BSLN_STATISTICS</TD>
<TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #ece9d8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #ece9d8; WIDTH: 64.05pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; HEIGHT: 12.75pt; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=bottom noWrap width=85>
YES</TD>
<TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #ece9d8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #ece9d8; WIDTH: 28.25pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; HEIGHT: 12.75pt; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=bottom noWrap width=38>
NO</TD></TR>
<TR style="HEIGHT: 12.75pt; mso-yfti-irow: 9; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes">
<TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #ece9d8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: windowtext 1pt solid; WIDTH: 46.25pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; HEIGHT: 12.75pt; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=bottom noWrap width=62>
DBSNMP</TD>
<TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #ece9d8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #ece9d8; WIDTH: 129.3pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; HEIGHT: 12.75pt; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=bottom noWrap width=172>
BSLN_THRESHOLDS_PK</TD>
<TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #ece9d8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #ece9d8; WIDTH: 165.65pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; HEIGHT: 12.75pt; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=bottom noWrap width=221>
MGMT_BSLN_THRESHOLD_PARMS</TD>
<TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #ece9d8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #ece9d8; WIDTH: 64.05pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; HEIGHT: 12.75pt; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=bottom noWrap width=85>
YES</TD>
<TD style="BORDER-RIGHT: windowtext 1pt solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5.4pt; BORDER-TOP: #ece9d8; PADDING-LEFT: 5.4pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: #ece9d8; WIDTH: 28.25pt; PADDING-TOP: 0cm; BORDER-BOTTOM: windowtext 1pt solid; HEIGHT: 12.75pt; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt" vAlign=bottom noWrap width=38>
NO</TD></TR></TBODY></TABLE>
 结论 Oracle9i 提供了哪些索引是有效的，哪些是无效索引的功能。利用这一功能能够删除哪些没有被使用的索引。这样不但可以提高空间的使用效率，而且也可以提高插入和删除的性能。</DIV>

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索引监控(转载)