Oracle数据库的创建与删除（02）--- 手工创建
===================================================================<BR>/* 实验名： 创建数据库 <手工方式><BR>/* 环境： RHEL5U5<BR>/* ORACLE: Oracle10gR2<BR>/* 日期： 2011-08-21<BR>/*<BR>===================================================================<DIV> </DIV>
<DIV>1、环境变量</DIV>
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<LI><SPAN style="COLOR: #000000">su <SPAN style="COLOR: #0000cc">-</SPAN> oracle</SPAN></LI></OL></DIV></DIV>
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<LI><SPAN style="COLOR: #000000">ls <SPAN style="COLOR: #0000cc">-</SPAN>la</SPAN></LI></OL></DIV>
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<LI><SPAN style="COLOR: #000000">vim <SPAN style="COLOR: #0000cc">.</SPAN>bash_profile <BR></LI>
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<LI>export ORACLE_SID<SPAN style="COLOR: #0000cc">=</SPAN>orcl <SPAN style="COLOR: #0000cc">--</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #0000cc">></SPAN> # 数据库实例名<BR></LI>
<LI>export ORACLE_BASE<SPAN style="COLOR: #0000cc">=</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #0000cc">/</SPAN>u01<SPAN style="COLOR: #0000cc">/</SPAN>app<SPAN style="COLOR: #0000cc">/</SPAN>oracle<SPAN style="COLOR: #0000cc">/</SPAN><BR></LI>
<LI>export ORACLE_HOME<SPAN style="COLOR: #0000cc">=</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #0000cc">/</SPAN>u01<SPAN style="COLOR: #0000cc">/</SPAN>app<SPAN style="COLOR: #0000cc">/</SPAN>oracle<SPAN style="COLOR: #0000cc">/</SPAN>product<SPAN style="COLOR: #0000cc">/</SPAN>10<SPAN style="COLOR: #0000cc">.</SPAN>2<SPAN style="COLOR: #0000cc">.</SPAN>0<SPAN style="COLOR: #0000cc">/</SPAN>db_1<SPAN style="COLOR: #0000cc">/</SPAN> <SPAN style="COLOR: #0000cc">--</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #0000cc">></SPAN> # oracle数据库软件目录<BR></LI>
<LI>export PATH<SPAN style="COLOR: #0000cc">=</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #0000cc">$</SPAN>ORACLE_HOME<SPAN style="COLOR: #0000cc">/</SPAN>bin<SPAN style="COLOR: #0000cc">:</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #0000cc">$</SPAN>PATH <SPAN style="COLOR: #0000cc">--</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #0000cc">></SPAN> # 指定oracle相关可执行程序的路径</SPAN></LI></OL></DIV>
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<LI><SPAN style="COLOR: #000000">source <SPAN style="COLOR: #0000cc">~</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #0000cc">/</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #0000cc">.</SPAN>bash_profile</SPAN></LI></OL></DIV>
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<P>2、配置文件<BR></P>
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<LI><SPAN style="COLOR: #000000">vim <SPAN style="COLOR: #0000cc">/</SPAN>etc<SPAN style="COLOR: #0000cc">/</SPAN>oratab<BR></LI>
<LI>orcl<SPAN style="COLOR: #0000cc">:</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #0000cc">/</SPAN>u01<SPAN style="COLOR: #0000cc">/</SPAN>app<SPAN style="COLOR: #0000cc">/</SPAN>oracle<SPAN style="COLOR: #0000cc">/</SPAN>product<SPAN style="COLOR: #0000cc">/</SPAN>10<SPAN style="COLOR: #0000cc">.</SPAN>2<SPAN style="COLOR: #0000cc">.</SPAN>0<SPAN style="COLOR: #0000cc">/</SPAN>db_1<SPAN style="COLOR: #0000cc">:</SPAN>N <SPAN style="COLOR: #0000cc">---</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #0000cc">></SPAN> # Y，随操作系统启动而启动 <BR> <SPAN style="COLOR: #0000cc">/</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #0000cc">/</SPAN> orcl 为 $ORACLE_SID</SPAN></LI></OL></DIV>
<P><BR>3、创建（符合OFA结构的）目录</P>
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<LI><SPAN style="COLOR: #000000">mkdir <SPAN style="COLOR: #0000cc">-</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #0000ff">p</SPAN> <SPAN style="COLOR: #0000cc">/</SPAN>u01<SPAN style="COLOR: #0000cc">/</SPAN>app<SPAN style="COLOR: #0000cc">/</SPAN>oracle<SPAN style="COLOR: #0000cc">/</SPAN>admin<SPAN style="COLOR: #0000cc">/</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #0000cc">$</SPAN>ORACLE_SID<SPAN style="COLOR: #0000cc">/</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #0000cc">{</SPAN>adump<SPAN style="COLOR: #0000cc">,</SPAN>bdump<SPAN style="COLOR: #0000cc">,</SPAN>cdump<SPAN style="COLOR: #0000cc">,</SPAN>dpdump<SPAN style="COLOR: #0000cc">,</SPAN>udump<SPAN style="COLOR: #0000cc">}</SPAN> <BR> <SPAN style="COLOR: #0000cc">---</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #0000cc">></SPAN> # 存放各种跟踪文件<BR></LI>
<LI>mkdir <SPAN style="COLOR: #0000cc">-</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #0000ff">p</SPAN> <SPAN style="COLOR: #0000cc">/</SPAN>u01<SPAN style="COLOR: #0000cc">/</SPAN>app<SPAN style="COLOR: #0000cc">/</SPAN>oracle<SPAN style="COLOR: #0000cc">/</SPAN>flash_recovery_area <SPAN style="COLOR: #0000cc">--</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #0000cc">-</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #0000cc">></SPAN> # 闪回区域（存放备份、恢复、归档等相关数据）<BR></LI>
<LI>mkdir <SPAN style="COLOR: #0000cc">-</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #0000ff">p</SPAN> <SPAN style="COLOR: #0000cc">/</SPAN>u01<SPAN style="COLOR: #0000cc">/</SPAN>app<SPAN style="COLOR: #0000cc">/</SPAN>oracle<SPAN style="COLOR: #0000cc">/</SPAN>oradata<SPAN style="COLOR: #0000cc">/</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #0000cc">$</SPAN>ORACLE_SID <SPAN style="COLOR: #0000cc">-</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #0000cc">-</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #0000cc">-</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #0000cc">></SPAN> # 存放数据文件</SPAN></LI></OL></DIV>
<P><BR>4、生成SYS用户的密码文件</P>
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<LI><SPAN style="COLOR: #000000">orapwd <SPAN style="COLOR: #ff0000">file</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #0000cc">=</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #0000cc">$</SPAN>ORACLE_HOME<SPAN style="COLOR: #0000cc">/</SPAN>dbs<SPAN style="COLOR: #0000cc">/</SPAN>orapworcl password<SPAN style="COLOR: #0000cc">=</SPAN>sunbo2011 entries<SPAN style="COLOR: #0000cc">=</SPAN>3 force<SPAN style="COLOR: #0000cc">=</SPAN>y<BR><BR> <FONT color=#000000> <FONT color=#0000f0>---></FONT> # 文件名格式：orapw{ORACLE_SID</FONT><SPAN style="COLOR: #0000cc"><FONT color=#000000>}<BR></FONT> <FONT color=#000000><FONT color=#0000f0>---></FONT> # entries 密码文件中可存放的密码条目数<BR></FONT> <FONT color=#000000> <FONT color=#0000f0> ---></FONT> # force=y 若已存在此文件，则覆盖<BR></FONT></SPAN></SPAN></LI></OL></DIV>
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<P>5、创建初始化参数文件</P>
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<LI><SPAN style="COLOR: #000000">vim initorcl<SPAN style="COLOR: #0000cc">.</SPAN>ora</SPAN></LI></OL>
<P><SPAN style="COLOR: #000000"> processes = 150<BR> sga_target = 268435456<BR> control_files = '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/control01.ctl', <BR> '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/control02.ctl', <BR> '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/control03.ctl'<BR> db_block_size = 8192<BR> compatible = '10.2.0.1.0'<BR> db_file_multiblock_read_count= 16<BR> db_recovery_file_dest = '/u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area'<BR> db_recovery_file_dest_size= 2147483648<BR> undo_management = 'AUTO'<BR> undo_tablespace = 'UNDOTBS1'<BR> remote_login_passwordfile= 'EXCLUSIVE'<BR> db_domain = 'sunbo.com'<BR> dispatchers = '(PROTOCOL=TCP) (SERVICE=coffeeXDB)'<BR> job_queue_processes = 10<BR> background_dump_dest = '/u01/app/oracle/admin/orcl/bdump'<BR> user_dump_dest = '/u01/app/oracle/admin/orcl/udump'<BR> core_dump_dest = '/u01/app/oracle/admin/orcl/cdump'<BR> audit_file_dest = '/u01/app/oracle/admin/orcl/adump'<BR> db_name = 'orcl'<BR> open_cursors = 300<BR> pga_aggregate_target = 296747008</SPAN></P></DIV>
<P><A href="http://blog.chinaunix.nethttp://blog.chinaunix.net/attachment/attach/26/19/01/9026190190d8ec21adc0ce22ab2a31df0a11cb2b66.txt" target=_blank><IMG border=0 align=absMiddle src="http://blog.chinaunix.net/blog/image/attachicons/text.gif"> 参数文件(下载) </A> </P>
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<P>6、启动数据库到nomount状态</P>
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<LI><SPAN style="COLOR: #000000">startup nomount<SPAN style="COLOR: #0000cc">;<BR><BR><FONT color=#000000> <FONT color=#0000f0>---></FONT> # 若密码文件不是存放在$ORACLE_HOME/dbs/目录下，则需要指定路径。<BR></FONT></LI>
<LI><FONT color=#000000> <FONT color=#0000f0>---></FONT> # 如：startup nomount pfile="/tmp/initorcl.ora";</FONT></LI></SPAN></SPAN></OL></DIV>
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<P>7、创建数据库</P>
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<LI><SPAN style="COLOR: #000000">create database orcl<BR></LI>
<LI>user sys identified by sunbo2011<BR></LI>
<LI>user system identified by sunbo2011<BR></LI>
<LI>maxlogfiles 5<BR></LI>
<LI>maxlogmembers 5<BR></LI>
<LI>maxloghistory 1<BR></LI>
<LI>maxdatafiles 100<BR></LI>
<LI>logfile group 1 <SPAN style="COLOR: #0000cc">(</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #ff00ff">'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo01a.log'</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #0000cc">,<BR> </SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #ff00ff">'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo01b.log'</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #0000cc">,<BR> </SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #ff00ff">'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo01c.log'</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #0000cc">)</SPAN> <SPAN style="COLOR: #ff0000">size</SPAN> 20M<SPAN style="COLOR: #0000cc">,</SPAN><BR></LI>
<LI> group 2 <SPAN style="COLOR: #0000cc">(</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #ff00ff">'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo02a.log'</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #0000cc">,<BR> </SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #ff00ff">'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo02b.log'</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #0000cc">,<BR> </SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #ff00ff">'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo02c.log'</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #0000cc">)</SPAN> <SPAN style="COLOR: #ff0000">size</SPAN> 20M<SPAN style="COLOR: #0000cc">,</SPAN><BR></LI>
<LI> group 3 <SPAN style="COLOR: #0000cc">(</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #ff00ff">'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo03a.log'</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #0000cc">,<BR> </SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #ff00ff">'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo03b.log'</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #0000cc">,<BR> </SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #ff00ff">'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo03c.log'</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #0000cc">)</SPAN> <SPAN style="COLOR: #ff0000">size</SPAN> 20M<BR></LI>
<LI>character set WE8ISO8859P1<BR></LI>
<LI>national character set UTF8<BR></LI>
<LI>extent management local<BR></LI>
<LI>datafile <SPAN style="COLOR: #ff00ff">'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf'</SPAN> <SPAN style="COLOR: #ff0000">size</SPAN> 500M<BR></LI>
<LI>sysaux datafile <SPAN style="COLOR: #ff00ff">'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/sysaux01.dbf'</SPAN> <SPAN style="COLOR: #ff0000">size</SPAN> 500M<BR></LI>
<LI>default tablespace users<BR></LI>
<LI>datafile <SPAN style="COLOR: #ff00ff">'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf'</SPAN> <SPAN style="COLOR: #ff0000">size</SPAN> 500M autoextend on maxsize unlimited<BR></LI>
<LI>default temporary tablespace temptbs<BR></LI>
<LI>tempfile <SPAN style="COLOR: #ff00ff">'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/temp01.dbf'</SPAN> <SPAN style="COLOR: #ff0000">size</SPAN> 300M<BR></LI>
<LI>undo tablespace undotbs1<BR></LI>
<LI>datafile <SPAN style="COLOR: #ff00ff">'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/undotbs01.dbf'</SPAN> <SPAN style="COLOR: #ff0000">size</SPAN> 300M autoextend on maxsize unlimited<BR></LI>
<LI>set time_zone <SPAN style="COLOR: #0000cc">=</SPAN> <SPAN style="COLOR: #ff00ff">'+08:00'</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #0000cc">;</SPAN></SPAN></LI></OL></DIV>
<P><A href="http://blog.chinaunix.nethttp://blog.chinaunix.net/attachment/attach/26/19/01/90261901905e73c683b8c9a773d4cf030f6017101a.txt" target=_blank><IMG border=0 align=absMiddle src="http://blog.chinaunix.net/blog/image/attachicons/text.gif">Create Database文件(下载)</A><A href="http://blog.chinaunix.nethttp://blog.chinaunix.net/attachment/attach/26/19/01/9026190190325ae4517f32c962be79598dec8d7c18.txt" target=_blank> </A></P>
<P> </P>
<P>8、验证数据库是否已创建成功</P>
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<LI><SPAN style="COLOR: #000000">ps <SPAN style="COLOR: #0000cc">-</SPAN>ef <SPAN style="COLOR: #0000cc">|</SPAN> grep orcl <FONT color=#0000f0>---></FONT> # 查看oracle相关进程是否存在</SPAN></LI></OL></DIV>
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<LI><SPAN style="COLOR: #000000"><SPAN style="COLOR: #0000ff"><FONT color=#000000><SPAN style="COLOR: #000000">SQL<SPAN style="COLOR: #0000cc">></SPAN> </SPAN></FONT>select</SPAN> status <SPAN style="COLOR: #0000ff">from</SPAN> v$instance<SPAN style="COLOR: #0000cc">; <FONT color=#0000f0>---></FONT><FONT color=#000000> # 查看当前的实例状态 （应该为 OPEN 状态）</FONT></SPAN></SPAN></LI></OL></DIV>
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<P>9、创建spfile文件</P>
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<LI><SPAN style="COLOR: #000000">SQL<SPAN style="COLOR: #0000cc">></SPAN> <SPAN style="COLOR: #0000ff">create</SPAN> spfile <SPAN style="COLOR: #0000ff">from</SPAN> pfile<SPAN style="COLOR: #0000cc">; <FONT color=#0000f0>---></FONT><FONT color=#000000> # 数据库启动正常，说明参数是正确的。<BR> 为了不被其他用户修改，现在就可以创建成spfile文件了。</FONT></SPAN></SPAN></LI></OL></DIV>
<P> </P>
<P> </P>
<P>-------------------- （下面为非核心部分，为“添花”环节）-------------------------</P>
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<P> </P>
<P>10、为了维护数据库方便，还需要执行以下脚本 （非必须，但重要）</P>
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<LI><SPAN style="COLOR: #000000">SQL<SPAN style="COLOR: #0000cc">></SPAN> <SPAN style="COLOR: #0000cc">@</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #0000cc">$</SPAN>ORACLE_HOME<SPAN style="COLOR: #0000cc">/</SPAN>rdbms<SPAN style="COLOR: #0000cc">/</SPAN>admin<SPAN style="COLOR: #0000cc">/</SPAN>catalog<SPAN style="COLOR: #0000cc">.</SPAN>sql <FONT color=#0000f0>---></FONT> <FONT color=#000000># </FONT><SPAN style="COLOR: #ff9900"><FONT color=#000000>一些DBA管理用的视图 </FONT>（以 sys 用户执行）<BR></LI>
<LI></SPAN><BR></LI>
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<LI>SQL<SPAN style="COLOR: #0000cc">></SPAN> <SPAN style="COLOR: #0000cc">@</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #0000cc">$</SPAN>ORACLE_HOME<SPAN style="COLOR: #0000cc">/</SPAN>rdbms<SPAN style="COLOR: #0000cc">/</SPAN>admin<SPAN style="COLOR: #0000cc">/</SPAN>catproc<SPAN style="COLOR: #0000cc">.</SPAN>sql<SPAN style="COLOR: #ff9900"> <FONT color=#0000f0>---></FONT><FONT color=#000000> </FONT><FONT color=#000000># 一些与PL/SQL相关的程序包，类似于SDK的作</FONT><FONT color=#000000>用</FONT><BR> （以 sys 用户执行）<BR></LI>
<LI></SPAN><BR></LI>
<LI><BR></LI>
<LI>SQL<SPAN style="COLOR: #0000cc">></SPAN> <SPAN style="COLOR: #0000cc">@</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #0000cc">$</SPAN>ORACLE_HOME<SPAN style="COLOR: #0000cc">/</SPAN>sqlplus<SPAN style="COLOR: #0000cc">/</SPAN>admin<SPAN style="COLOR: #0000cc">/</SPAN>pupbld<SPAN style="COLOR: #0000cc">.</SPAN>sql <FONT color=#0000f0>---></FONT><FONT color=#000000> # 创建一些SQL*PLUS所专用的Schema对象<BR> <FONT color=#ff9900>（以 system 用户执行）<BR></FONT><BR> </FONT><FONT color=#000000> # </FONT><SPAN style="COLOR: #ff9900"><FONT color=#000000>当有非sys、system用户使用SQL*PLUS登录数<BR> 据库时，</FONT></SPAN><FONT color=#000000>oracle数据库会先检查SQL<SPAN style="COLOR: #0000cc">*</SPAN>PLUS<BR> 专用的这些表，以决定登入者能执行哪些SQL*PLUS命令。<BR></FONT></LI>
<LI><FONT color=#000000> [ product_user_profile表，product_profile表 ]<BR><BR></FONT></LI>
<LI> 若没有创建过这些表，则SQL<SPAN style="COLOR: #0000cc">*</SPAN>Plus会在普通用户登录时提示:<BR>
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<LI><SPAN style="COLOR: #000000">SQL<SPAN style="COLOR: #0000cc">></SPAN> conn sunbo<SPAN style="COLOR: #0000cc">/</SPAN>sunbo2011<BR></LI>
<LI>Error accessing PRODUCT_USER_PROFILE<BR></LI>
<LI>Warning<SPAN style="COLOR: #0000cc">:</SPAN> Product <SPAN style="COLOR: #0000ff">user</SPAN> profile information <SPAN style="COLOR: #0000ff">not</SPAN> <BR></LI>
<LI>You may need <SPAN style="COLOR: #0000ff">to</SPAN> <SPAN style="COLOR: #ff0000">run</SPAN> PUPBLD<SPAN style="COLOR: #0000cc">.</SPAN>SQL <SPAN style="COLOR: #0000ff">as</SPAN> SYSTEM<BR></LI>
<LI>Connected<SPAN style="COLOR: #0000cc">.</SPAN></SPAN></LI></OL></DIV><BR></LI>
<LI>SQL<SPAN style="COLOR: #0000cc">></SPAN> <SPAN style="COLOR: #0000cc">@</SPAN><SPAN style="COLOR: #0000cc">$</SPAN>ORACLE_HOME<SPAN style="COLOR: #0000cc">/</SPAN>rdbms<SPAN style="COLOR: #0000cc">/</SPAN>admin<SPAN style="COLOR: #0000cc">/</SPAN>utlsampl<SPAN style="COLOR: #0000cc">.</SPAN>sql <FONT color=#0000f0>---></FONT> <FONT color=#000000># 生成SCOTT用户，及其示例数据</FONT> </SPAN></LI></OL></DIV>
<P> </P>
<P>11、安装Oracle JVM （非必须，不重要）</P>
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<LI>（暂无，用到再说） <FONT color=#0000f0>---></FONT><FONT color=#000000> # 通过dbca方式创建时，它是创建了的。</FONT> </LI></OL></DIV>
<P> </P>
<P>12、安装Oracle Text （非必须，不重要）</P>
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<LI>（暂无，用到再说） <FONT color=#0000f0>---></FONT><FONT color=#000000> # 通过dbca方式创建时，它是创建了的。</FONT> </LI></OL></DIV>
<P> </P>
<P> （完结）</P>
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