cobbler无人值守安装操作系统
操作系统环境 : CentOS 5.5 i386软件环境 : cobbler-2.0.11-2.el5
centos要安装cobbler 需要安装一个软件包 epel
偶这里把用到的几个文件上传到网盘了 方便自己和朋友们下载 http://www.uudisc.com/user/txwsqk/files/4193306
(里面包含一个epel,一个kickstart配置文件,还有cobbler get-loaders下载的哪些文件)
下面开始具体的步骤了:
先配置源
找不到好源的看这里 http://mirrors.163.com/.help/
centos的系统
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cd /etc/yum.repos.d/
wget http://mirrors.163.com/.help/CentOS5-Base-163.repo
#别忘了rpm -ivh epel-release-5-4.noarch.rpm
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yum makecache
开始安装软件
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yum install cobbler dhcp cman debmirror
修改配置文件
vi /etc/cobbler/dhcp.template
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subnet 192.168.0.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {
option routers 192.168.0.100;
# option domain-name-servers 192.168.1.1;
option subnet-mask 255.255.255.0;
range dynamic-bootp 192.168.0.110 192.168.0.200;
注: 不要修改/etc/dhcpd.conf 这个文件,过会我们会配置让cobbler接管启动dhcpd的任务,cobbler会把你修改的dhcp.template拷贝到/etc/dhcpd.conf
vi /etc/cobbler/settings (只写出需要修改的地方)
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default_password_crypted: "$1$icifbsa$GlSk4KZPpIscQsOpLkZh0/" #过会你运行 cobbler check时 会提示你修改密码 ,这个密码就是你安装系统后的root密码,我在这里先说明而已. 用这个命令实现 "openssl passwd -1 -salt '任意字母' '你的密码' "
manage_dhcp: 1
next_server: 192.168.0.100
server: 192.168.0.100
vi /etc/debmirror.conf (只写出需要修改的地方)
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#@dists="sid";
#@arches="i386";#这两个地方注释掉即可,不然过会 cobbler check 会报错
过会cobbler check 时 还会要求你执行一个命令
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cobbler get-loaders
这是下载引导操作系统的必须文件,我在上面的网盘已经提供了 loaders.tar.gz,解压到/var/lib/cobbler/loaders/,当然你也可以运行上面的命令下载
再修改2个文件
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/etc/xinetd.d/tftp
/etc/xinetd.d/rsync
把这2个文件里面的
disable = no
捎带提一句 别忘了关闭防火墙和SELINUX (有时这2个东西很误事 :)
这时候我们启动 httpd (如果不启动httpd , cobbler check 是没法执行滴)
有可能的报错信息如下
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1 : The 'server' field in/etc/cobbler/settings must be set to something other than localhost, orkickstarting features will not work. This should be a resolvable hostname orIP for the boot server as reachable by all machines that will use it.
2 : For PXE to be functional, the'next_server' field in /etc/cobbler/settings must be set to something otherthan 127.0.0.1, and should match the IP of the boot server on the PXEnetwork.
3 : you need to set some SELinux contentrules to ensure cobbler works correctly in your SELinux environment, run thefollowing: /usr/sbin/semanage fcontext -a -t public_content_t "/tftpboot/.*"&& \ /usr/sbin/semanage fcontext -a -t public_content_t"/var/www/cobbler/images/.*"
4 : some network boot-loaders are missingfrom /var/lib/cobbler/loaders, you may run 'cobbler get-loaders' to downloadthem, or, if you only want to handle x86/x86_64 netbooting, you may ensurethat you have installed a *recent* version of the syslinux package installedand can ignore this message entirely. Files in this directory, should youwant to support all architectures, should include pxelinux.0, menu.c32, elilo.efi,and yaboot. The 'cobbler get-loaders' command is the easiest way to resolvethese requirements.
5 : change 'disable' to 'no' in/etc/xinetd.d/tftp
6 : change 'disable' to 'no' in/etc/xinetd.d/rsync
7 : since iptables may be running, ensure69, 80, and 25151 are unblocked
8 : debmirror package is not installed,it will be required to manage debian deployments and repositories
9 : The default password used by thesample templates for newly installed machines (default_password_crypted in/etc/cobbler/settings) is still set to 'cobbler' and should be changed, try:"openssl passwd -1 -salt 'random-phrase-here' 'your-password-here'"to generate new one
文章有点倒叙了 哈哈 根据报错信息和偶上面修改的地方改改, 改完后执行cobbler check
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# cobbler check
cobblerd does not appear to be running/accessible
好了 没有报错信息了，cobbler 配置好了。
开始导入操作系统的ISO镜像文件
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#先mountiso文件
mount -o loop /path/centos-5.5-i386.iso /mnt
#导入 . --name=名字任意，--path=刚才你mount的路径
cobbler import --path=/mnt --name=centos-5.5-i386
同步所有配置
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cobbler sync
启动所有服务
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/etc/init.d/xinetd restart
/etc/init.d/httpd restart
/etc/init.d/cobblerd restart
ps： cobbler sync时会自动启动dhcpd的服务。
偶修改完配置时，都是执行 cobbler sync , /etc/init.d/cobblerd restart 这两个命令（为了保险）^_^
重要：用cobbler安装操作系统时，cobbler真正执行的kickstart文件其实不是 /var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/default.ks，而是 /var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/sample.ks
学习cobbler配置，最好把kickstart的配置文件也搞懂，默认sample.ks文件会清空硬盘所有分区资料。
下面贴出偶的 sample.ks
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#platform=x86, AMD64, or Intel EM64T
# System authorization information
auth--useshadow--enablemd5
# System bootloader configuration
bootloader --location=mbr
# Partition clearing information
#clearpart --all --initlabel
# Use text mode install
text
# Firewall configuration
firewall --enabled
# Run the Setup Agent on first boot
firstboot --enable
# System keyboard
keyboard us
# System language
lang en_US.UTF-8
# Use network installation
url --url=$tree
# If any cobbler repo definitions were referenced in the kickstart profile, include them here.
$yum_repo_stanza
# Network information
$SNIPPET('network_config')
# Reboot after installation
reboot
#Root password
#rootpw --iscrypted $default_password_crypted
# SELinux configuration
selinux --disabled
# Do not configure the X Window System
skipx
# System timezone
timezoneAsia/Shanghai
# Install OS instead of upgrade
install
# Clear the Master Boot Record
#zerombr
# Allow anaconda to partition the system as needed
#autopart
%pre
$SNIPPET('log_ks_pre')
$kickstart_start
$SNIPPET('pre_install_network_config')
# Enable installation monitoring
$SNIPPET('pre_anamon')
%packages
#$SNIPPET('func_install_if_enabled')
#$SNIPPET('puppet_install_if_enabled')
@base
@core
@development-libs
@development-tools
@editors
@text-internet
keyutils
trousers
fipscheck
device-mapper-multipath
imake
lrzsz
%post
$SNIPPET('log_ks_post')
# Start yum configuration
$yum_config_stanza
# End yum configuration
$SNIPPET('post_install_kernel_options')
$SNIPPET('post_install_network_config')
$SNIPPET('func_register_if_enabled')
$SNIPPET('puppet_register_if_enabled')
$SNIPPET('download_config_files')
$SNIPPET('koan_environment')
$SNIPPET('redhat_register')
$SNIPPET('cobbler_register')
# Enable post-install boot notification
$SNIPPET('post_anamon')
# Start final steps
$kickstart_done
# End final steps
这是属于cobbler调用的特殊ks文件，想看真正配置好吧，方法是打开浏览器
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http://192.168.0.100/cblr/svc/op/ks/profile/CentOS-5.5-i386
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# 192.168.0.100不用解释了吧
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#后面的 CentOS-5.5-i386 就是你 cobbler import时指定的 --name
偶是用虚拟机完成此次实验的，本来是在fedora15下用的virtualbox，但是那个网络环境真难搞，一直也不能让另一个虚拟机获得到cobbler所在虚拟机的dhcp分配的ip，无奈回到windows用
vmware,使用hostonly模式轻松搞定。这里再捎带提以下修改vmware bios启动的方法，因为vmware启动界面一闪而过，想按F2进入bios灰常难，方法就是修改虚拟机的开机等待时间
进入到你虚拟机的目录，不是软件安装目录，是你保存虚拟机的目录，里面有个vmx文件，添加一行
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bios.bootdelay=5000
让开机画面停留5000毫秒。
大功告成 ！
http://www.cnblogs.com/txwsqk/archive/2011/08/09/2132803.html 呵呵，不错，值得收藏
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