Basic FreeBSD Setup as Desktop (FreeBSD占有率99.8% ^_^)
本帖最后由 ulovko 于 2013-04-06 11:14 编辑官方简体中文安装手册：http://www.freebsd.org/doc/zh_CN/books/handbook/
官方en_US安装手册：http://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/index.html
官方简体中文安装手册 下载： ftp://ftp.freebsd.org/pub/FreeBSD/doc/zh_CN/books/handbook/
FROM: http://blog.chinaunix.net/uid-25256412-id-2939430.html
1: 使用 USB 安装 FreeBSD（设备编号自行修改）# dd if=9.1-RELEASE-amd64-memstick.img of=/dev/da1 bs=10240 conv=syncTips: Windows环境下如何将 *.img 写入USB ？
Image Writer for Windows:https://launchpad.net/win32-image-writer/+download
：
安装过程中会询问关于网络配置，会许有的人配置不正确导致无法连接internet!
给出兄弟我的配置：
> more /etc/rc.conf
hostname="ko.kotzu.org"
defaultrouter="192.168.1.1"
ifconfig_alc0="inet 192.168.1.5 netmask 255.255.255.0"
ifconfig_alc0_ipv6="inet6 accept_rtadv"
# Wireless
#wlans_ath0="wlan0"
#ifconfig_wlan0="WPA DHCP"
#ifconfig_wlan0="WPA inet 192.168.1.5 netmask 255.255.255.0"
#ifconfig_wlan0_ipv6="inet6 accept_rtadv"
还有一点关于WIFI !
着个其实不用写什么了！
官方文档有简体中文，写的非常详细！
下载页面：ftp://ftp.freebsd.org/pub/FreeBSD/doc/zh_CN.GB2312/books/handbook/
在线观看：http://docs.freebsd.org/doc/9.0-RELEASE/usr/share/doc/freebsd/zh_CN.GB2312/books/handbook/network-wireless.html
安装source 和 ports
等待重启完成 ...# vi /boot/loader.conf
loader_logo="beastie" (boot menu logo)
autoboot_delay="3" (boot delay)
:wq
# vi /etc/rc.conf
blanktime="600"
saver="daemon"
hald_enable="YES"
dbus_enable="YES"
powerd_enable="YES"
powerd_flags="-a adaptive -b adaptive -n adaptive" # 保持温度不会过高就是了
:wq
# kldload coretemp
# sysctl -a | grep temper
hw.acpi.thermal.tz0.temperature: 60.0C
dev.cpu.0.temperature: 59.0C
dev.cpu.1.temperature: 59.0C
dev.cpu.2.temperature: 59.0C
dev.cpu.3.temperature: 59.0C
dev.cpu.4.temperature: 61.0C
dev.cpu.5.temperature: 62.0C
dev.cpu.6.temperature: 59.0C
dev.cpu.7.temperature: 59.0C
检查一下硬件信息# dmesg | grep attached （列出没有被驱动的硬件）
# pciconf -lv （更加详细） /var/run/dmesg.boot (see also)
（找到声卡 和 显卡加载相应驱动）
# dmidecode (DMI table decoder)声卡 驱动# kldload snd_driver （加载所有声卡驱动自动匹配）
# cat /dev/sndstat (查看声卡驱动信息）
# dmesg | grep hdac
# cat filename > /dev/dsp (测试声卡，filename为任意文件产生噪音说明正常工作）
# vi /boot/device.hints
hint.pcm.0.vol="50" (pcm Module加载时，音量默认为50）
:wq
# Microphone (话筒)
# mixer
# sysctl dev.pcm.0.play.vchans=4
# sysctl dev.pcm.0.rec.vchans=4 ( 虚拟声道(Virtual Sound Channels)4个音源能够同时播放)
# sysctl hw.snd.maxautovchans=4
# less /boot/defaults/loader.conf
/snd (找到所有声卡驱动支持项)
# pciconf -lv | egrep -i -A3 -B5 'audio|multimedia' (查看device 类型)
# vi /boot/loader.conf
snd_hda_load="YES" (启动时加载 声卡驱动/添加自己的声卡驱动)
:wq2: 时间校准 （很重要）# tzsetup （时区设置 CST）
# ntpdate cn.pool.ntp.org （校准）
# vi /etc/rc.conf
ntpd_enable="YES" （配置开机启动 ntpd）
ntpd_sync_on_start="YES"
:wq
# /etc/rc.d/ntpd start
# vi /etc/ntp.conf
server 1.cn.pool.ntp.org
server 1.asia.pool.ntp.org
server 2.asia.pool.ntp.org （配置time server）
:wq
# /etc/rc.d/ntpd restart3：更新 source 和 doc# cp /usr/share/examples/cvsup/standard-supfile /etc
# cd /etc/; vi standard-supfile
*default host=cvsup.tw.freebsd.org （修改此项）
*default base=/var/db
*default prefix=/usr
*default release=cvs tag=RELENG_9_0
*default delete use-rel-suffix
*default compress
src-all
doc-all tag=. （添加此项）
:wq
# csup /etc/standard-supfile4：ports 和 package 文件下载地址设置
# vi /etc/make.conf (详情：man make.conf)
MASTER_SITE_BACKUP?= \
ftp://ftp.hk.freebsd.org/pub/FreeBSD/distfiles/${DIST_SUBDIR}/\
ftp://ftp.tw.freebsd.org/pub/FreeBSD/distfiles/${DIST_SUBDIR}/\
ftp://ftp.freebsd.org/pub/FreeBSD/distfiles/${DIST_SUBDIR}/ (注意这里没换行了)
MASTER_SITE_OVERRIDE?= ${MASTER_SITE_BACKUP}
CPUTYPE?=core2 (根据情况调整，起到优化作用：me -> i7)
# sysctl hw.model (more /usr/share/example/etc/make.conf)
INSTALL=install -C (比对已安装文件与最新文件 版本号，低于新版本才安装)
:wq
查看CPU支持指令集合：
# grep -i features /var/run/dmesg.boot
Features=0xbfebfbff<FPU,VME,DE,PSE,TSC,MSR,PAE,MCE,CX8,APIC,SEP,MTRR,PGE,MCA,CMOV,PAT,PSE36,CLFLUSH,DTS,ACPI,MMX,FXSR,SSE,SSE2,SS,HTT,TM,PBE>
Features2=0x98e3fd<SSE3,DTES64,MON,DS_CPL,VMX,SMX,EST,TM2,SSSE3,CX16,xTPR,PDCM,SSE4.1,SSE4.2,POPCNT>
AMD Features=0x28100800<SYSCALL,NX,RDTSCP,LM>
AMD Features2=0x1<LAHF>
查看当前操作系统开启的指令集合：
# cd /usr/share/mk
# make -V CPUTYPE
core2
# make -V MACHINE_CPU
ssse3 sse3 amd64 sse2 sse mmx
tcsh/csh:
# vi ~/.cshrc
setenv PACKAGEROOT ftp://ftp.tw.freebsd.org
setenv PKG_TMPDIR /var/garbage (package安装后来这里看看：/var/db/pkg)
:wq
# exit (注销生效)
sh/bash:
$ vi ~/.profile
export PACKAGEROOT=ftp://ftp.tw.freebsd.org
export PKG_TMPDIR=/var/garbage
:wq
# exit (注销生效)
#
# pkg_add -r vim (使用远程服务器安装)
# pkg_version -v(list outdated ports that have a newer version available in the Ports)
# pkg_version -v |grep vim (首先查出版本号)
# pkg_delete vim-7.3.81
或者：
# pkg_delete /var/db/pkg/vim-7.3.81
# pkg_delete xchat\* (使用通配符)
# pkg_info |grep -i vim (首先查出版本号)
# pkg_info -L vim-7.3.81 |less (显示这个软件包安装的所有文件)
# pkg_info vim-7.3.81
5: 更新 ports ( portmaster)# portsnap fetch extract （首次更新port使用此命令）
# portsnap fetch update （日后更新port使用此命令）
vi /etc/crontab
0 5 * * * root /usr/sbin/portsnap cron update（自动更新port）
:wq
安装 portmaster 用于更新 软件包：
# cd /usr/ports/ports-mgmt/portmaster && make install clean
----------------------------------------------------------------------
# ls /usr/local/etc/portmaster.rc.sample
# vim /usr/local/etc/portmaster.rc
# Do not create temporary backup packages before pkg_delete (-B)
NO_BACKUP=Bopt
# Always delete stale distfiles without prompting (-d)
ALWAYS_SCRUB_DISTFILES=dopt
# Do not run 'make config' for ports that need updating (-G)
PM_NO_MAKE_CONFIG=Gopt
# Be verbose (-v)
PM_VERBOSE=vopt
# Save copies of old shared libraries (recommended) (-w)
SAVE_SHARED=wopt
:wq
----------------------------------------------------------------------
# /usr/local/sbin/portmaster -L > portmaster.out (列出可更新的软件)
===>>> linux_base-fc-4_8
===>>> New version available: linux_base-fc-4_9
# /usr/local/sbin/portmaster linux_base-fc-4_8 (更新 某软件)
# /usr/local/sbin/portmaster -e openoffice.org-2.2.0 (卸载某软件与其依赖)
#
# portmaster -a (升级所有已安装的 ports)
# portmaster -af (always rebuild ports overrides -i)
# portmaster -r
[-R] -r name/glob of port directory in /var/db/pkg
rebuild the specified port, and all ports that depend on it.The
list of dependent ports is built according to origin (i.e.,
category/portname) not by the version number of the installed port.
So if you do portmaster -r fooport-1.23 and it is necessary to
restart using -R but the newly installed port is now fooport-1.24 you
can do portmaster -R -r fooport-1.24 and it should pick up where you
left off.The -r option can be specified more than once.
# cd /usr/ports/sysutils/bsdadminscripts/ && make install clean
> pkg_libchk (检查缺失的动态库，找出有问题的 ports)
Thunar-1.3.0: /usr/local/lib/thunarx-2/thunar-sbr.so misses libpng.so.6
Thunar-1.3.0: /usr/local/lib/thunarx-2/thunar-sbr.so misses libpng.so.6
Thunar-1.3.0: /usr/local/lib/thunarx-2/thunar-uca.so misses libpng.so.6
Thunar-1.3.0: /usr/local/lib/thunarx-2/thunar-uca.so misses libpng.so.6
Thunar-1.3.0: /usr/local/lib/thunarx-2/thunar-uca.so misses libpng.so.6
Thunar-1.3.0: /usr/local/lib/thunarx-2/thunar-uca.so misses libpng.so.6
Thunar-1.3.0: /usr/local/lib/thunarx-2/thunar-wallpaper-plugin.so misses libpng.so.6
Thunar-1.3.0: /usr/local/lib/thunarx-2/thunar-wallpaper-plugin.so misses libpng.so.6
Thunar-1.3.0: /usr/local/lib/thunarx-2/thunar-wallpaper-plugin.so misses libpng.so.6
Thunar-1.3.0: /usr/local/lib/xfce4/panel/plugins/libthunar-tpa.so misses libpng.so.6
Thunar-1.3.0: /usr/local/lib/xfce4/panel/plugins/libthunar-tpa.so misses libpng.so.6
Thunar-1.3.0: /usr/local/lib/xfce4/panel/plugins/libthunar-tpa.so misses libpng.so.6
...
...
另一种更新 软件包 的方法：
# make deinstall && make install clean (前提是你的ports 已经更新！)
下面方法多用于 测试不同版本软件：
# make install (注意没有：clean ,保留下载的源码！)
# make deinstall && make reinstall (前提是下载的源码没有被清理！)
# make PREFIX=/usr/pkg install clean (Changing the Install Path)
Cleaning Up Ports:
# make install clean (clean a port immediately upon install)
You might also want to remove the original distfiles, stored in /usr/ports/distfiles.
# make distclean (removes the distfiles for the current port and all dependencies)
OR:
# portmaster --clean-distfiles
To clean the entire ports tree:
# make clean -DNOCLEANDEPENDS (run directly under /usr/ports)
Building Packages:
# make package
This installs the program on the local machine and creates a package in the port’s directory.
Simply copy this package to other systems and run pkg_add(1) to install it.
If you create the directory /usr/ports/packages, the Ports Collection will
create a packages tree in that location. Instead of placing the new package
in the port’s directory, the port will place the package in the appropriate
category under /usr/ports/packages.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
LOCAL PACKAGE REPOSITORIES
Remember the PACKAGESITE environment variable? Set that to a path on your local
anonymous FTP server (Chapter 17) or an NFS share (Chapter 8) and put your custom
packages there. You can then use pkg_add -r on your other machines, and they will
automatically grab packages from your local repository.
6：Binary Updates ( only provides patches to the GENERIC kernel)
# freebsd-update fetch (download the latest updates to your errata branch)
( files stored in /var/db/freebsd-update)
# freebsd-update install (install the downloaded files)
#
# vi /etc/crontab
0 5 * * * root /usr/sbin/freebsd-update cron （自动更新至 errata-branch）
:wq
Reboot your system ..7：安装 Vim# cd /usr/ports/editors/vim/
# make WITHOUT_X11=yes install clean
# exit (注销）
# vim ~/.vimrc
set nomodeline (这个一定要写，目前有这个安装漏洞）
set nocp
set hls is
set ic
set cindent
set autoindent
set backspace=2
set nobackup
set noswapfile
set shiftwidth=2 ( 缩进为2个空格)
set tabstop=2 (TAB 为2个空格)
set softtabstop=2(软制表符 为2个空格)
set expandtab (缩进 和 制表符用空格代替)
set ruler
set mouse=v
syntax on
"set bg=dark (更改背景色调/默认为light, " 为注释！)
:wq (详情：vimtutor)
# vim ~/.cshrc
setenv EDITOR vim
:wq8：使用本地化语言方法一：Class Definitions
# vim /etc/login.conf
chinese:Chinese Users Account:\
:charset=UTF-8:\
:lang=zh_CN.UTF-8:\
:tc=default:
:wq
# cap_mkdb /etc/login.conf (rebuilds the database file /etc/login.conf.db)
pw usermod jacky -L chinese (修改 jacky 的 语言环境)
pw useradd jacky -L chinese (添加 jacky 并使用中文)
# pw usershow jacky
jacky:*:1001:1001:chinese:0:0:jacky:/home/jacky:/bin/tcsh
# su - jacky
> locale
LANG=zh_CN.UTF-8
LC_CTYPE="zh_CN.UTF-8"
LC_COLLATE="zh_CN.UTF-8"
LC_TIME="zh_CN.UTF-8"
LC_NUMERIC="zh_CN.UTF-8"
LC_MONETARY="zh_CN.UTF-8"
LC_MESSAGES="zh_CN.UTF-8"
LC_ALL=
方法二：User Definitions
# vim ~/.login_conf
me:\
:lang=zh_CN.UTF-8:\
:setenv=LC_CTYPE=zh_CN.UTF-8:\ (字符类型)
:setenv=LC_COLLATE=zh_CN.UTF-8:\ (字符对比规则)
:setenv=LC_TIME=zh_CN.UTF-8:\ (时间类型)
:setenv=LC_NUMERIC=zh_CN.UTF-8:\ (数字类型)
:setenv=LC_MONETARY=zh_CN.UTF-8:\ (货币类型)
:setenv=LC_MESSAGES=zh_CN.UTF-8:\ (消息/提示类型)
:setenv=LC_ALL=zh_CN.UTF-8:\
:charset=UTF-8:
:wq
PS: 自定义 prompt 和 alias
方法一：全局设置
vim /etc/csh.cshrc
set prompt = "%B%n@%m [%/] $ " (详情：man csh /%m)
set autolist (TAB命令补全功能)
方法二：自定义设置
vim ~/.cshrc
set prompt = "%B%n@%m [%/] # " (注意空格)
set autolist (TAB 命令补全功能)
alias cl clear
alias vi vim
alias df df -h
History： (默认记录文件：~/.history)
# history -c (清理当前历史记录)
# history -S (保存当前历史记录)9： Axel / Aria2下载大文件利器 (MP3、影片、软件等) wget# cd /usr/ports/ftp/axel && make install clean
# axel -a -n 3 ftp://ftp.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/v2.4/linux-2.4.17.tar.bz2 (详情：man axel)
# axel -S4 ftp://ftp.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/v2.4/linux-2.4.17.tar.bz2 (自动寻找 4 个最快mirror进行下载)
通常我用 wget 下网站 (找到资料就下吧！说不准那天站点没了,还是弄下来方便！)
# wget -r -np -p -k --level=2 http://tldp.org/HOWTO/Linux+IPv6-HOWTO/ (wget默认安装)
Aria2 ：多链接下载，轻量，平均4-9MB内存使用量，BitTorrent下载速度2.8MiB/s时CPU占用约6%
# cd /usr/ports/www/aria2 && make install clean
(详情：man aria2c)
# aria2c "http://example.org/mylinux.iso" (直接下载)
# aria2c "http://host/file.zip" "ftp://host2/file.zip" (同时从 2 个不同源下载 某文件)
# aria2c -x2 -k1M "http://host/file.zip" (-x2：一个server只建立 2 个连接 -k1M：man很详细)
# aria2c -s4 http://host/file.zip (-s：总共启用多少个连接)
# aria2c http://example.org/mylinux.torrent (BT 下载)
# aria2c 'magnet:?xt=urn:btih:248D0A1CD08284299DE78D5C1ED359BB46717D8C' (BT Magent URI)
# aria2c http://example.org/mylinux.metalink (Metalink)
# aria2c -i files.txt -j2 (Download URIs found in text file -j：同时进行任务数)
Resuming Download：
Usually, you can resume transfer by just issuing same command (aria2c URI)
if the previous transfer is made by aria2.
If the previous transfer is made by a browser or wget like sequential download manager,
then use -c option to continue the transfer (aria2c -c URI)
BitTorrent Download：
# aria2c --follow-torrent=mem "http://host/file.torrent" (download files from remote BT file)
# aria2c --max-upload-limit=40k file.torrent (download using a local torrent file)
Using Proxy:
For HTTP
aria2c --http-proxy="http://proxy:8080" "http://host/file"
aria2c --http-proxy="http://proxy:8080" \
--no-proxy="localhost,127.0.0.1,192.168.0.0/16" "http://host/file"
For FTP
aria2c --ftp-proxy="http://proxy:8080" "ftp://host/file"
Proxy with Authorization
aria2c --http-proxy="http://username:password@proxy:8080" "http://host/file"
aria2c --http-proxy="http://proxy:8080" \
--http-proxy-user="username" --http-proxy-passwd="password" "http://host/file"
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
也可以应用到ports下载中！(非必需，一般来说FreeBSD的 fetch够用了)
# vim /etc/make.conf
FETCH_CMD=/usr/local/bin/axel -a -S4 (-a：显示每个线程状态信息-n：连接数)
DISABLE_SIZE=yes (开启 此功能！)
:wq
穿越模式：
FETCH_ENV=http_proxy=ur address
FETCH_ENV=ftp_proxy=ur address
或者 使用其他工具： (proxychains / runsocks)
FETCH_CMD=proxychains axel
FETCH_CMD=runsocks axel
PS：wgetaxel aria2 配置均一样！
FETCH_CMD=/usr/local/bin/wget -c -t 3 (-c：继续以前的下载-t：默认tries =20)
DISABLE_SIZE=yes (开启 此功能！)
FETCH_CMD=/usr/local/bin/aria2c -s 4 (-s：开启4 个连接)
DISABLE_SIZE=yes (开启 此功能！)
(在Aria2速度不行的时候，我发现Axel速度确实可以！正常情况匹敌！)10：Scim-pinyin (fcitx-sunpinyin) (ibus-pinyin)输入法# cd /usr/ports/chinese/scim-pinyin && make install clean
> vim ~/.cshrc
# set scim as the XIMinput server
setenv XMODIFIERS @im=SCIM
:wq
# xfce环境下，支持中文默认用英文情况下（Terminal内右键 Input Methods -SCIM)
# cd /usr/ports/chinese/fcitx-sunpinyin && make install clean
> vim ~/.cshrc
setenv XMODIFIERS @im=fcitx
setenv GTK_IM_MODULE xim
setenv QT_IM_MODULE xim
:wq
> vim ~/.xinitrc
#!/bin/sh
/usr/local/bin/fcitx & # 确保比xfce提前运行！
/usr/local/bin/startxfce4
/usr/home/ko/start-compiz
:wq
# cd /usr/ports/chinese/ibus-pinyin && make install clean
# more /usr/ports/textproc/ibus/pkg-message
-------------------------------------------------------------------
ibus installation finished. To use ibus, please do the following:
If you are using bash, please add following lines to your $HOME/.bashrc:
export XIM=ibus
export GTK_IM_MODULE=ibus
export QT_IM_MODULE=xim
export XMODIFIERS=@im=ibus
export XIM_PROGRAM="ibus-daemon"
export XIM_ARGS="--daemonize --xim"
If you are using tcsh, please add following lines to your $HOME/.cshrc:
setenv XIM ibus
setenv GTK_IM_MODULE ibus
setenv QT_IM_MODULE xim
setenv XMODIFIERS @im=ibus
setenv XIM_PROGRAM ibus-daemon
setenv XIM_ARGS "--daemonize --xim"
If you are using KDE4, you may create a shell script in $HOME/.kde4/env,
and add following lines:
#!/bin/sh
export XIM=ibus
export GTK_IM_MODULE=ibus
export QT_IM_MODULE=xim
export XMODIFIERS=@im=ibus
export XIM_PROGRAM="ibus-daemon"
export XIM_ARGS="--daemonize --xim"
Following input methods/engines are available in ports:
chinese/ibus-chewing Chewing engine for IBus
chinese/ibus-pinyin The PinYin input method
japanese/ibus-anthy Anthy engine for IBus
japanese/ibus-mozc Mozc engine for IBus
japanese/ibus-skk SKK engine for IBus
korean/ibus-hangul Hangul engine for IBus
textproc/ibus-kmfl KMFL IMEngine for IBus framework
textproc/ibus-m17n The m17n IMEngine for IBus framework
textproc/ibus-table Table based IM framework for IBus
and QT4 input method module, textproc/ibus-qt.
If ibus cannot start or the panel does not appear, please ensure
that you are using up-to-date python.
There's a bug in python 2.5, which may prevent the panel from appearing.
-------------------------------------------------------------------
# vim ~/.xinitrc
#!/bin/sh
/usr/local/bin/ibus-daemon --xim -d # 确保比xfce提前运行！
/usr/local/bin/startxfce4
:wq
# vim ~/.cshrc
setenv XIM ibus
setenv GTK_IM_MODULE ibus
setenv QT_IM_MODULE xim
setenv XMODIFIERS @im=ibus
setenv XIM_PROGRAM ibus-daemon
setenv XIM_ARGS "--daemonize --xim"
:wqPS:
目前运行fcitx总是时不时的无法使用，切换到scim或者ibus没有任何问题!
这里所说不能使用是，无法进行输入操作！ 悲剧。。O_o 本帖最后由 ulovko 于 2012-06-09 16:07 编辑
11：Xorg 和 WQY 字库# cd /usr/ports/x11/xorg && make BATCH=YES install clean
(BATCH=YES: 启用默认配置选项, 不会出现对话框来烦你！)
# Xorg -configure
# mv xorg.conf.new /etc/X11/xorg.conf (生成 xorg 配置文件)
# vim /etc/rc.conf (使用 HAL 自动检测键盘和鼠标)
hald_enable="YES"
dbus_enable="YES"
:wq
# cd /usr/ports/x11-fonts/wqy && make install clean
# vim /etc/X11/xorg.conf
Section "Files"
FontPath "/usr/local/lib/X11/fonts/wqy" (添加 wqy 路径支持)
EndSection
Section "Monitor"
Identifier "Monitor0"
VendorName "Monitor Vendor"
ModelName "Monitor Modle"
HorizSync 30-107 (水平刷新频率)
VertRefresh 48-120 (垂直刷新频率)
Option "DPMS" (能源之星/EnergyStar)
EndSection
Section "Screen"
Identifier "Screen0"
Device "Card0"
Monitor "Monitor0"
DefaultDepth 24
SubSection "Display"
Viewport 0 0
Depth 24
Modes "1024x768"
Virtual 1366 768
EndSubsection
EndSection
:wq
PS: 使用 GTF 命令输出刷新频率 如下! 一定要安装 nvidia-settings 否则分辨率永远是 50Hz！
# gtf 1366 768 60
# 1366x768 @ 60.00 Hz (GTF) hsync: 47.70 kHz; pclk: 85.86 MHz
Modeline "1366x768_60.00"85.861366 1440 1584 1800768 769 772 795-HSync +Vsync
# vim /etc/X11/xorg.conf
Section "Monitor"
Identifier "Monitor0"
VendorName "Monitor Vendor"
ModelName "Monitor Modle"
# HorizSync 30-107 (水平刷新频率)
# VertRefresh 48-120 (垂直刷新频率)
# 1368x768 @ 60.00 Hz (GTF) hsync: 47.70 kHz; pclk: 85.86 MHz
Modeline "1368x768_60.00"85.861368 1440 1584 1800768 769 772 795-HSync +Vsync
Option "DPMS" (能源之星/EnergyStar)
EndSection
Section "Screen"
Identifier "Screen0"
Device "Card0"
Monitor "Monitor0"
DefaultDepth 24
SubSection "Display"
Viewport 0 0
Depth 24
Modes "1366x768"
Virtual 1366 768
EndSubsection
EndSection
:wq
PS：启用 ctrl+alt+backspace 退出 Xorg (默认已关闭该功能)
方法一：
# setxkbmap -option terminate:ctrl_alt_bksp
方法二：
# vim /usr/local/etc/hal/fdi/policy/x11-input.fdi (hald 会读取该文件)
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
<deviceinfo version="0.2">
<device>
<match key="info.capabilities" contains="input.keyboard">
<merge key="input.x11_options.XkbOptions" type="string">terminate:ctrl_alt_bksp</merge>
</match>
</device>
</deviceinfo>
#vim /etc/X11/xorg.conf
Section "ServerLayout"
Option "DontZap" "off"
EndSection
:wq
方法三：使用 Xfce4-session-logout
# vim ~/.cshrc
alias logout xfce4-session-logout --logout
alias lock xflock4
:wq
# source ~/.cshrc
12：Nvidia 驱动
# cd /usr/ports/x11/nvidia-driver && make BATCH=YES install clean
# vim /boot/loader.conf
nvidia_load="YES" (启动时加载 driver)
linux_enable="YES"
:wq
# cd /usr/ports/x11/nvidia-xconfig/ && make install clean
# rehash
方法一：不开启 compiz-fusion
# nvidia-xconfig (自动替换/etc/X11/xorg.conf 并备份原文件为：org.conf.backup)
方法二：开启 compiz-fusion
# nvidia-xconfig --add-argb-glx-visuals (Enable OpenGL)
# nvidia-xconfig --composite (Enable Composite X extension)
# nvidia-xconfig --depth=24
显卡信息查看 和 分辨率 刷新频率 查看与修改！
(Xorg 内 配置无法起作用，只能通过nvidia-settings来调整！)
# cd /usr/ports/x11/nvidia-settings && make install clean
# rehash
# nvidia-settings13：xfce4# cd /usr/ports/x11-wm/xfce4 && make BATCH=YES install clean
# vim /usr/local/etc/PolicyKit/PolicyLit.conf (允许用户在 xfce4模式下 reboot 和 shutdown)
<config version="0.1">
<match action="org.freedesktop.hal.power-management.reboot">
<return result="yes"/>
</match>
<match action="org.freedesktop.hal.power-management.shutdown">
<return result="yes"/>
</match>
</config>
还需要进行如下操作：
# vim /usr/local/etc/polkit-1/localauthority/50-local.d/.pkla
Identity=unix-group:wheel
Action=org.freedesktop.consolekit.system.restart
ResultAny=yes
ResultInactive=yes
ResultActive=yes
Identity=unix-group:wheel
Action=org.freedesktop.consolekit.system.stop
ResultAny=yes
ResultInactive=yes
ResultActive=yes
% vim ~/.xinitrc (告诉X 下次启动时执行 Xfce4)
#!/bin/sh
/usr/local/bin/startxfce4
#exec startxfce4 (也可这样写)
:wq
PS: 如果使用了 XDM
% vim ~/.xsession
#!/bin/sh
/usr/local/bin/startxfce4
:wq
% chmod +x ~/.xsession
---------------------------------------------------
Xfce4 回收站地址： ~/.local/share/Trash/files
Xfce4 注销命令：
# vim ~/.cshrc
alias logout xfce4-session-logout --logout
alias lock xflock4
:wq
# source ~/.cshrc
---------------------------------------------------
Xfce 4 Setting Manager
Themes/Shortcuts/:Window Manager
Background/Icons/display: Desktop Display
File Manager:Display-date
Style: Appearance -xfce dust
Desktop Panel Setup
Terminal Preferences
Appearance - Font - Background(Transparent)
滚动 滑轮 - 收起（打开）终端窗口----------------------------------------------------------------
How to install new themes:
http://wiki.xfce.org/howto/install_new_themes
----------------------------------------------------------------
Xfce4 Plugins:
http://goodies.xfce.org/projects/panel-plugins/start
#安装 Ristretto (微型图片查看工具)
# cd /usr/ports/graphics/ristretto && make install clean
安装 Task (图形任务管理器)
# cd /usr/ports/x11/xfce4-taskmanager && make install clean
安装 Power (电源管理)
# cd /usr/ports/sysutils/xfce4-power-manager && make install clean
# cd /usr/ports/sysutils/xfce4-battery-plugin && make install clean
安装 Notes (便签)
# cd /usr/ports/deskutils/xfce4-notes-plugin && make install clean
安装 Netload (网络负载)
# cd /usr/ports/sysutils/xfce4-netload-plugin && make install clean
安装 Weather (天气预报)
# cd /usr/ports/misc/xfce4-weather-plugin && make install clean
安装 Wavelan (无线上网)
# cd /usr/ports/sysutils/xfce4-wavelan-plugin && make install clean
PS: 将以上项目在 panel上右键 添加 new item 才可以显示出来！！
我的桌面这样漂亮, 我想做个截屏！在Xfce里怎么做呢？
# cd /usr/ports/
# make quicksearch name=xfce4-screenshooter-plugin
# cd /usr/ports/x11/xfce4-screenshooter-plugin && make install clean
# touch ~/.config/xfce4/xfce4-screenshooter (没有他工作不了！)
# 进入 keyboard 设置 shotcut (PrtScr) 或 从菜单栏点击程序
安装 Xfburn (CD/DVD 刻录工具)
# cd /usr/ports/sysutils/xfburn && make install clean
强大的 命令行刻录工具： (建议使用)
# cd /usr/ports/sysutils/dvd+rw-tools && make install clean
# growisofs -dvd-compat -Z /dev/cd0 -J -R /path/to/data (刻录 数据DVD)
# growisofs -dvd-compat -Z /dev/cd0=imagefile.iso (刻录 映像文件)
详情：18.7 创建和使用光学介质(DVD) ==> 官方简体中文教程！
本帖最后由 ulovko 于 2012-09-03 09:36 编辑
14：Mplayer/Office/Reader/Gimp/Ristretto/Galculator/Thunderbird/Pidgin/VirtualBox/unix2dos# cd /usr/ports/editors/libreoffice (安装libreoffice)
# make LOCALIZED_LANG=zh-CN install clean (添加中文支持)
# cd /usr/ports && make search key=adobe|less (安装AdobeReader)
# cd /usr/ports/chinese/acroread8-zh_CN && make install clean
# cd /usr/ports/graphics/mupdf && make install clean (安装mupdf)
# cd /usr/ports/graphics/epdfview && make install clean (安装epdfview)
# cd /usr/ports/graphics/gimp-help && make config (保留：EN 和 ZH_CN)
# cd /usr/ports/graphics/gimp && make BATCH=YES install clean (安装图像处理)
# cd /usr/ports/graphics/gimp-manual-pdf && make install clean
# cd /usr/ports/graphics/ristretto && make install clean (安装微型图片查看工具)
# cd /usr/ports/math/galculator && make install clean (安装图形计算器)
# cd /usr/ports/mail/thunderbird && make BATCH=YES install clean (安装雷鸟)
# cd /usr/ports/mail/thunderbird-i18n && make install clean
# cd /usr/ports/net-im/pidgin/ && make install clean (IM Client 注意端口用8001)
# 成功登陆IRC(irc.freenode.net)之后：
/cs register #ChannelName PasswordChannelDescription(注册自己的Channel)
# cd /usr/ports/converters/unix2dos && make install clean (unix2dos and dos2unix)
unix2dos and dos2unix are utilities that convert
ASCII files from the DOS cr/lf format to the UNIX
lf format..VirtualBox:# cd /usr/ports/emulators/virtualbox-ose && make install clean
# kldload vboxdrv
or
# echo 'vboxdrv_load="YES"'>>/boot/loader.conf
# pw groupmod vboxusers -m yourusername
% VirtualBox &
=============================================================================
VirtualBox was installed.
You need to load the vboxdrv kernel module via /boot/loader.conf:
vboxdrv_load="YES"
You also have to add all users to your vboxusers group in order to use vbox.
% pw groupmod vboxusers -m jerry
Reboot the machine to load the needed kernel modules.
Bridging Support:
=================
For bridged networking please add the following line to your /etc/rc.conf:
vboxnet_enable="YES"
USB Support:
============
For USB support your user needs to be in the operator group and needs read
and write permissions to the USB device.
% pw groupmod operator -m jerry
Add the following to /etc/devfs.rules (create if it doesn't exist):
add path 'usb/*' mode 0660 group operator
To load these new rule add the following to /etc/rc.conf:
devfs_system_ruleset="system"
Then restart devfs to load the new rules:
% /etc/rc.d/devfs restart
=============================================================================
Qemu:# cd /usr/ports/emulators/qemu && make install clean (add kqemu option)
# kldload {kqemu,if_bridge,if_tap,aio}(必备module)
# kldstat
Create a 10GB qcow2 image to install Windows XP
# qemu-img create -f qcow2 winxp.img 20G
Installing Windows XP ...
# qemu -m 1024 -hda winxp.img -cdrom xp_sp3_vol_x86.iso -boot d -localtime
Boot Windows XP ...
# qemu-system-x86_64-m 1500 -hda winxp.img -cdrom xp_sp3_vol_x86.iso \
-localtime -M pc -smp 2 -soundhw es1370 -usb -enable-kqemu -kernel-kqemu-name winxp
PS: Windows XP 占用CPU 100％ 很无奈，所以还是模拟 Windows2000吧(这个速度是最快的！)
或者 用 VirtualBox 安装 Windows XP ...
Qemu 模拟 Win2000
# qemu-img create -f qcow2 win2000.img 10G
# qemu -m 1024 -hda win2000.img -cdrom win2000.iso -boot d -win2k-hack
# qemu-system-x86_64-m 1500 -hda win2000.img -cdrom win2000.iso \
-localtime -M pc -smp 2 -soundhw es1370 -usb -enable-kqemu -kernel-kqemu-name win2000
Qemu : http://forums.freebsd.org/showthread.php?t=175
Mplayer 具体使用：
1. xdpyinfo (获得使用您的显卡的X服务器所支持的扩展列表) 常见图像接口列表：
X11: 一般性的使用共享内存的X11输出。
XVideo: 一种X11接口扩展，支持任何X11图像的可拖拉。
SDL: 简单直接媒体层。
DGA: 直接图片存取。
SVGAlib: 低层次掌控图片层。
XVideo (X11扩展接口，用于提高 画面质量)
# xvinfo
X-Video Extension version 2.2
screen #0
no adapters presnet (表示显卡不支持 XVideo)2. 安装# cd /usr/ports/multimedia/mplayer (安装mplayer)
# make WITH_LANG=zh_CN install clean (选中vdpau显卡加速等需要的选项！)3. 第一次启动前% cd /usr/ports/multimedia/mplayer
% make install-user (自动建立： ~/.mplayer)
要播放一个文件，如 testfile.avi， 可以通过各种视频接口当中的某一个去设置 -vo 选项：
% mplayer -vo xv testfile.avi
% mplayer -vo sdl testfile.avi
% mplayer -vo x11 testfile.avi
# mplayer -vo dga testfile.avi
# mplayer -vo 'sdl:dga' testfile.avi
(详情：man mplayer /-vo)
# mplayer -gui -vo x11 testfile.avi (图形界面, 我保证你不会用)
常用命令：# mplayer -fs -zoom -vo xv,x11 testfile.avi (全屏模式,不支持xv 则使用x11,你会不支持xv?)
# mplayer -ontop -vo xv testfile.avi (置顶播放)
# mplayer -vf screenshot -vo xv testfile.avi (屏幕截图,截图保存到当前目录,按键：s)
# mplayer -ss 01:33:00 -vo xv testfile.avi (选择播放起始位置)
# mplayer -osdlevel 3 testfile.avi (音量 + 搜索 + 计时器 + 百分比 + 总时间)
# mplayer -cache 4096 testfile.avi (设定缓冲区：KBytes)
# cd ~/audio/;ls |cut -d' ' -f1 > music.lst (制作文件列表,文件名不要留空格)
# mplayer -loop 0 -playlist ~/audio/music.lst (无限循环播放列表)
# mplayer \
http://file2.top100.cn/201110042113/A3C42BFC4C75FAC143DC3DDBEF3D821D/\
Special_40202/M0040202001.mp3 (Stream From HTTP)
# mplayer 不支持 SWF，建议拖到 浏览器里播放！
KeyBoard Control:
up and down (Seek forward/backward 1 minute)
pgup and pgdown (Seek forward/backward 10 minutes)
[ and ] (Decrease/Increase current playback speed by 10%)
{ and } (Halve/Double current playback speed)
BACKSPACE (Reset playback speed to normal)
Playlist:
< and > (Go backward/forward in the playlist)
ENTER (Go forward in the playlist, even over the end)
p / SPACE (Pause, pressing agin unpauses)
q / ESC (Stop playing and quit)
Sound:
9 and 0 (Decrease/Increase volume)
( and ) (Adjust audio balance in favor of left/right channel)
m (Mute sound)
OSD States:
o (Toggle OSD states: none/ seek/ seek+ timer/seek+ timer+ total time)
# mplayer -osdlevel 3 testfile.avi
-------------------------------------------------------------
设定开始的OSD模式.
0 只有字幕
1 音量 + 搜索(默认)
2 音量 + 搜索 + 计时器 + 百分比
3 音量 + 搜索 + 计时器 + 百分比 + 总时间
Subtitle:
v (Toggle subtitle visibility)
j (Cycle through the available subtitles)
y and g (Step forward/backward in the subtile list)
F (Toggle displaying "forced subtitles")
a (Toggle subtitle alignment: top/ middle/ bottom)
r and t (Move subtitles up/ down)
ScreenShot:
s (-vf screenshot only)
S (-vf screentshot only, Start/ Stop taking screenshots)
I (Show filename on the OSD)
P (show progression bar, elapsed time and total duration on the OSD)
FullScreen & Stay-On-Top :
f (Toggle fullscreen, also see -fs -zoom)
T (Toggle stay-on-top, also see -ontop)-------------------------------------------------------------
为了让 mplayer 的命令行不是太长，使用者可以通过建立一个文件
来设定如下默认选项：# vim ~/.mplayer/config
vo=vdpau # 使用 vdpau 输出设备播放
fs=yes # 全屏
ontop=yes # 置顶
zoom=yes # 允许改变窗口大小
noaspect=yes # 缩放时保持高宽比
osdlevel=3 # 显示 当前播放时间 和 总时间
:wq-------------------------------------------------------------要播放 DVD， 需要把 testfile.avi 改为 dvd://N -dvd-device DEVICE。
这里 N 是要播放的节目编号， 而 DEVICE 则是 DVD-ROM 的设备节点。例如，要播放 /dev/dvd 的第三个节目
# mplayer -vo xv dvd://3 -dvd-device /dev/dvd
注意: 可以在编译 MPlayer 时， 通过 WITH_DVD_DEVICE 来指定默认的 DVD 设备。
系统内定的默认设备是 /dev/acd0。 更多细节， 请参考 port 的 Makefile。
最后，mplayer 可以把DVD题目(title)抓取成为 .vob 文件。
为了从DVD中导出第二个题目，请输入：
# mplayer -dumpstream -dumpfile out.vob dvd://2 -dvd-device /dev/dvd
输出文件 out.vob 将是 MPEG 并且可以被这部份描述的其它 “包” 利用。
--------------------------------------------------------------------
文件:
/etc/mplayer/mplayer.conf
系统范围的设置
~/.mplayer/config
用户设置
~/.mplayer/input.conf
输入绑定(完整按键列表参见’mplayer −input keylist’的输出)
~/.mplayer/gui.conf
GUI配置文件
~/.mplayer/gui.pl
GUI播放列表
~/.mplayer/font/
字体目录(里面必须有一个font.desc文件和.RAW后缀的文件)
~/.mplayer/DVDkeys/
破解的CSS密钥
字幕文件按以下顺序搜索(比如播放/mnt/movie/movie.avi文件):
/mnt/cdrom/movie.sub
~/.mplayer/sub/movie.sub
~/.mplayer/default.sub 本帖最后由 ulovko 于 2012-07-20 11:09 编辑
15：Using Linux Mode (MacromediaFlash插件没有FBSD版，用Linux wrapper运行其flash版本)# kldload linux (加载进来一会用)
# cd /usr/ports/emulators/linux_base-f10 && make BATCH=YES install distclean
# vim /etc/rc.conf
linux_enable="YES"
:wqPS: 说良心话，着个FLASH 在firefox里面跑 倒是比较稳定的，在chromium里面跑 特容易崩溃 O_o ..
16：Firefox 和 MacromediaFlash 和 Add-onsand Chromium# cd /usr/ports/www/firefox/ && make BATCH=YES install clean
vim /boot/loader.conf
sem_load="YES" (加载module)
:wq
# cd /usr/ports/www/firefox-i18n/ && make install clean (中文支持)
# cd /usr/ports/www/nspluginwrapper && make install clean (提供flash支持)
# cd /usr/ports/www/linux-f10-flashplugin10 && make install clean (安装flash插件)
# 安装版本11的话不需要 挂载 linproc , 我安装的11 ..
# cd /usr/ports/www/linux-f10-flashplugin11 && make install clean (安装flash插件)
#ln -s /usr/local/lib/npapi/linux-f10-flashplugin/libflashplayer.so \
/usr/local/lib/browser_plugins/ (做个symbolic Link，官方文档：browser_plugins是个目录，没有的话要创建)
(目录不行：请直接连接，我就是 直接链接的！)
# rehash (Updates FreeBSD's path environment variables)
<For instance when you have installed software you may not be able
to run the executables without specifying the path.
rehash solves your problem most of the times>
% nspluginwrapper -v -a -i (插件必须由每个用户运行 nspluginwrapper 安装)
<上面的命令会复制 browser_plugins目录下生成的文件 到：~/.mozilla/plugins/npwrapper.libflashplayer.so>
# 安装版本11(linux-f10-flashplugin11)的话不需要 进行下面的操作 挂载 linproc , 我安装的11 ..
实现播放flash 动画效果：
# mount -t linprocfs linproc /usr/compat/linux/proc (挂载 linproc ,事实上 procfs存在安全问题FBSD早就废弃了)
# vim /etc/fstab
linproc /usr/compat/linux/proc linprocfs rw 0 0 (开机自动挂载)
:wq
Add-ons：
firefox - Edit - Preferences - Manage Add-ons - Search
Ease Link： (转换迅雷、QQ旋风、快车专用链接)
Adblock Plus： (屏蔽广告)
Adblock Plus Preferences - Filters -Add filter subscription - Update all subscriptions
NetVideoHunter Video Downloader： (视频地址检测)
NetVideoHunter Options - Show in statusbar - Enable the capturing of SWF files
epubreader for firefox
PS: npviewer.bin 该进程为flash进程，当关闭flash后不会自动结束，
# sockstat |grep npviewer.bin
会看到N多 占用内存超多 我的办法是:
# echo 'alias killflash killall npviewer.bin'>>~/.cshrc
Chromium
# cd /usr/ports/www/chromium/ && make install clean
echo 'alias chrome chrome --incognito'>>~/.cshrc
17：compiz-fusion (3D效果)# cd /usr/ports/x11-wm/compiz-fusion && make BATCH=YES install clean
% vim start-compiz
#!/bin/sh
compiz --replace --sm-disable --ignore-desktop-hints ccp &
emerald --replace &
:wq
% chmod +x start-compiz
% echo "start-compiz" >> ~/.xinitrc
PS: 如果使用了 XDM
% echo "start-compiz" >> ~/.xsession
% startx
简单设置：
在CompizConfig设置管理器>首选项>在后端选择GConf Configuration Backed (开启即时生效)
接着> 启用 最小化效果、窗口装饰、震颤窗口、移动窗口、调整窗口大小、应用程序切换条，基本的3D桌面竣工！
官方教程(Installing and using Compiz Fusion)：http://www.freebsd.org/doc/en/articles/compiz-fusion/index.html
18：Security
监视ports所有软件包安全：# cd /usr/ports/ports-mgmt/portaudit && make all install clean (portaudit)
# portaudit -Fda (更新数据库, periodic每天自动更新！)
# portaudit -a (开始检查)
输出如下：
Affected package: cups-base-1.1.22.0_1
Type of problem: cups-base -- HPGL buffer overflow vulnerability.
Reference: <http://www.FreeBSD.org/ports/portaudit/40a3bca2-6809-11d9-a9e7-0001020eed82.html>
1 problem(s) in your installed packages found.
You are advised to update or deinstall the affected package(s) immediately.
<如果你执意要安装不安全的软件请：make install DISABLE_VULNERABILITIES=YES clean>
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# cd /usr/ports/ports-mgmt/pkg_cleanup && make install clean (关于删除冗余ports )FROM: http://wiki.freebsdchina.org/software/p/pkg_cutleaves
RootKit:
# cd /usr/ports/security/rkhunter && make install clean (rkhunter )
Sudo:
# cd /usr/ports/security/sudo && make install clean
# visudo
ko ALL=(root) !/usr/bin/passwd, /usr/bin/passwd *, !/usr/bin/passwd root, /usr/bin/su -
Integrity:
# cd /usr/ports/security/aide && make install clean (aide )
# cd /usr/ports/security/tripwire && make install clean (tripwire )
可用 mtree检查完整性：
# mtree -x -ic -K cksum -K md5digest -K sha256digest -p / \
-X /home/mwlucas/mtree-exclude > /tmp/mtree.savedspec
(Use -Xto specify a file containing a list of paths not to match)
# mtree -f savedspec -f newspec > mtree.differences
AntiVirus:
# cd /usr/ports/security/clamav && make install clean (clamav )
# cd /usr/ports/security/squidclamav && make install clean (squidclamav )
Monitor：
# cd /usr/ports/net-mgmt/cacti && make install clean (cacti)
# cd /usr/ports/net-mgmt/nagios && make install clean (nagios)
# cd /usr/ports/security/nessus && make install clean (nessus)
# cd /usr/ports/sysutils/lsof && make install clean (lsof)
# cd /usr/ports/sysutils/pidof && make install clean (pidof)
# cd /usr/ports/security/nmap && make install clean (nmap)
# cd /usr/ports/net/wireshark && make install clean (wireshark)
# cd /usr/ports/net/tcpdump && make install clean (tcpdump: 系统自带)
Unix Password Cracker：
# cd /usr/ports/security/crack && make install clean (/usr/local/crack/Crack)
Rar Zip 7Z Password Cracker：
# cd /usr/ports/security/rarcrack && make install clean (rarcrack )
Ciphertext Cracker：
# cd /usr/ports/security/rainbowcrack && make install clean (rainbowcrack )
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Tweaking User Security
# vim /etc/login.access (Rules are checked on a first-fit basis)
-:ALL EXCEPT wheel:console
-:ALL EXCEPT wheel dns webmasters:ALL
# vim /etc/login.conf (Restricting System Usage)
:maxproc-cur: 30:\ (Current Resource Limits)
:maxproc-max: 60:\ (Maximum Resource Limits)
:passwd_format=md5:\ (md5 orblf)
:minpasswordlen=28:\ (Password length Limits)
:mixpasswordcase=true:\ (Password case Limits)
:wq
If present, FreeBSD complains if the user changes his password to an all lowercase word.
# cap_mkdb /etc/login.conf (rebuilds the database file /etc/login.conf.db)
PS：
in fact, /etc/hosts.equiv and its related services have bitten even
top-notch security experts who thought they could use it safely. I suggest
leaving this file empty and perhaps even making it immutable !
19：SSHClient:
ssh user@host (需要密码 ，远程主机信息保存在：~/.ssh/known_hosts)
scp filename user@host:~/
sftp user@host
# ssh-keygen -lf /etc/ssh/ssh_host_dsa_key.pub (检查SSH 主机 PubKey 的 fingerprint，Client端会自动下载并比对)
用户密码被强制到28位怎么记得住啊？ (用PubKey实现无密码登录 ！)
Client:
ssh-keygen -t rsa -b 2048 (为本机 生成 一对密匙)
scp .ssh/id_rsa.pub user@host:~/ (把PubKey 发到Server 用户家目录)
Server:
cd ~user; mkdir .ssh
cat id_rsa.pub >> .ssh/authorized_keys (Server 把Client端 PubKey添加到 授权文件内)
Client:
ssh user@host (现在可以无密码登录喽！)20：Insecure Console (Single-user mode)
When you boot FreeBSD in single-user mode, you get a root command
prompt. This is fine for your laptop and works nicely for servers in your
corporate datacenter, but what about machines in untrusted facilities?
# vim /etc/ttys
console none unknown off secure
To make the console require a root login when booted into single-usermode,
change the secure to insecure.# vim /etc/ttys
console none unknown off insecure
:wq# 平衡球 Neverball (http://neverball.org/download.php) 支持Windows/Linux/BSD/Mac
# cd /usr/ports/games/neverball && make install clean
#配置文件一览：
> cat ~/.cshrc
alias h history 25
alias j jobs -l
alias la ls -a
alias lf ls -FA
alias ll ls -lA -G -D "%D\ %T"
#> man strftime
# %T is equivalent to “%H:%M:%S”.
# %F is equivalent to “%Y-%m-%d”.
# %D is equivalent to “%m/%d/%y”.
setenv EDITOR vim
# added by ko BEGIN
setenv PACKAGEROOT ftp://ftp.freebsd.org
setenv PKG_TMPDIR /var/garbage
setenv XMODIFIERS @im=fcitx
setenv GTK_IM_MODULE xim
setenv QT_IM_MODULE xim
set autolist
alias cl clear
alias df df -h
alias lock xflock4
alias chrome chrome --incognito
alias adobe acroread8
alias killflash killall npviewer.bin
# ps axo pid,comm,pcpu,pmem
# history -c (clear history)
# wget -r -np -p -k --level=2 http://freebsd.org/handbook/
# added by ko END 本帖最后由 ulovko 于 2012-09-08 19:57 编辑
21: PF Basic Setup
详见 CU Blog: http://blog.chinaunix.net/uid-25256412-id-3223143.html
http://cupic.img168.net/bbsfile/forum/201206/09/11004733b99d9jm4nm9a4c.png
还有一点关于WIFI !
着个其实不用写什么了！
官方文档有简体中文，写的非常详细！
下载页面：ftp://ftp.freebsd.org/pub/FreeBSD/doc/zh_CN.GB2312/books/handbook/
在线观看：http://docs.freebsd.org/doc/9.0-RELEASE/usr/share/doc/freebsd/zh_CN.GB2312/books/handbook/network-wireless.html
10> Reserved for future use....
Basic FreeBSD Setup as Desktop: http://bbs.chinaunix.net/thread-3751834-1-1.html
Basic NetBSD Setup as Desktop: http://bbs.chinaunix.net/thread-3751787-1-1.html
Basic OpenBSD Setup as Desktop: http://bbs.chinaunix.net/thread-3751016-1-1.html
Basic Debian Setup as Desktop: http://bbs.chinaunix.net/thread-3751791-1-1.html
Basic Ubuntu Setup as Desktop: http://bbs.chinaunix.net/thread-3746337-1-1.html
Basic Fedora Setup as Desktop: http://bbs.chinaunix.net/thread-3761672-1-1.html
Basic PC-BSD Setup as Desktop: http://bbs.chinaunix.net/thread-3751857-1-1.html
一个有意思的命令，或许您用的到！ ^_^
楼主不错哦~发了好多安装文档 回复 6# kisswen
互联网的实质就是 信息共享麽，顺便推广BSD让后来的人 好入门！:emn31: 很好很强大严重支持！{:2_172:} ulovko 发表于 2012-06-09 15:51 static/image/common/back.gif
FROM: http://blog.chinaunix.net/uid-25256412-id-2939430.html
1: 使用 USB 安装 FreeBSD（设备编号自行 ...
lz，其他可以先放一放，麻烦设置一个快速好用的url源放到较前的章节 回复 11# action08
谢谢提议，不过还是要从头开始，上来就写这个不合适！^_^:emn31: