RMAN备份、恢复实验室 之 备份篇 【查看备份情况】
本帖最后由 jackson198574 于 2013-08-28 16:26 编辑原文地址（更清晰、直观的彩色文字注释）：http://blog.chinaunix.net/uid-20802110-id-3849567.html
概要：
查看备份集
查看SCHEMA统计信息
查看表空间的备份情况
查看数据文件的备份情况
查看控制文件的备份情况
查看不同类型设备上的备份情况
查看归档日志及其备份情况
查看系统中不存在（或者说是不在指定路径下）的备份
查看过期的备份
查看几天前的schema状态
查看需要备份的文件
查看违反规则的备份
操作命令：
查看备份集：
RMAN>list backupset;
List of Backup Sets
===================
BS KeyType LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------
1 Full 9.36M DISK 00:00:03 02-AUG-13
BP Key: 1 Status: AVAILABLECompressed: NOTag: TAG20130802T014453
Piece Name: /oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/02og8fcm_1_1
SPFILE Included: Modification time: 02-AUG-13
SPFILE db_unique_name: ORCL
Control File Included: Ckp SCN: 1181185 Ckp time: 02-AUG-13
BS KeyType LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------
2 Full 9.36M DISK 00:00:01 02-AUG-13
BP Key: 2 Status: AVAILABLECompressed: NOTag: TAG20130802T014548
Piece Name: /oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/04og8fed_1_1
SPFILE Included: Modification time: 02-AUG-13
SPFILE db_unique_name: ORCL ----------------数据库名
Control File Included: Ckp SCN: 1181217 Ckp time: 02-AUG-13
BS KeyType LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------
3 Full 1.01G DISK 00:02:24 02-AUG-13
BP Key: 3 Status: AVAILABLECompressed: NOTag: TAG20130802T015052
Piece Name: /oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/05og8fns_1_1
List of Datafiles in backup set 3
File LV Type Ckp SCN Ckp TimeName -----------level type 跟增量备份有关
---- -- ---- ---------- --------- ----
1 Full 1181392 02-AUG-13 /oracle/app/oradata/ORCL/datafile/o1_mf_system_8xm4839m_.dbf
2 Full 1181392 02-AUG-13 /oracle/app/oradata/ORCL/datafile/o1_mf_sysaux_8xm483f7_.dbf
3 Full 1181392 02-AUG-13 /oracle/app/oradata/ORCL/datafile/o1_mf_undotbs1_8xm483gd_.dbf
4 Full 1181392 02-AUG-13 /oracle/app/oradata/ORCL/datafile/o1_mf_users_8xm483jk_.dbf
5 Full 1181392 02-AUG-13 /oracle/app/oradata/ORCL/datafile/o1_mf_example_8xm4gzck_.dbf -------------------数据文件信息，包括路径、文件名、SCN、增量备份的LEVEL、文件号等
BS KeyType LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------
4 Full 9.36M DISK 00:00:04 02-AUG-13
BP Key: 4 Status: AVAILABLECompressed: NOTag: TAG20130802T015052
Piece Name: /oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/06og8fsf_1_1
SPFILE Included: Modification time: 02-AUG-13
SPFILE db_unique_name: ORCL
Control File Included: Ckp SCN: 1181392 Ckp time: 02-AUG-13
查看SCHEMA统计信息：
RMAN>report schema;
Report of database schema for database with db_unique_name ORCL
List of Permanent Datafiles
===========================
File Size(MB) Tablespace RB segs Datafile Name
---- -------- -------------------- ------- ------------------------
1 690 SYSTEM *** /oracle/app/oradata/ORCL/datafile/o1_mf_system_8xm4839m_.dbf
2 490 SYSAUX *** /oracle/app/oradata/ORCL/datafile/o1_mf_sysaux_8xm483f7_.dbf
3 85 UNDOTBS1 *** /oracle/app/oradata/ORCL/datafile/o1_mf_undotbs1_8xm483gd_.dbf
4 8 USERS *** /oracle/app/oradata/ORCL/datafile/o1_mf_users_8xm483jk_.dbf
5 100 EXAMPLE *** /oracle/app/oradata/ORCL/datafile/o1_mf_example_8xm4gzck_.dbf
---------------------可以看到文件号、文件大小、所属表空间名、文件路径、文件名等。
List of Temporary Files
=======================
File Size(MB) Tablespace Maxsize(MB) Tempfile Name
---- -------- -------------------- ----------- --------------------
1 29 TEMP 32767 /oracle/app/oradata/ORCL/datafile/o1_mf_temp_8xm4gq4q_.tmp
查看表空间的备份情况：
RMAN> list backup of tablespace users;
List of Backup Sets
===================
BS KeyType LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------
3 Full 1.01G DISK 00:02:24 02-AUG-13
BP Key: 3 Status: AVAILABLECompressed: NOTag: TAG20130802T015052
Piece Name: /oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/05og8fns_1_1 -----备份集存放路径
List of Datafiles in backup set 3
File LV Type Ckp SCN Ckp TimeName
---- -- ---- ---------- --------- ----
4 Full 1181392 02-AUG-13 /oracle/app/oradata/ORCL/datafile/o1_mf_users_8xm483jk_.dbf
BS KeyType LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------
5 Full 6.30M DISK 00:00:00 02-AUG-13
BP Key: 5 Status: AVAILABLECompressed: NOTag: TAG20130802T021009
Piece Name: /oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/07og8gs2_1_1
List of Datafiles in backup set 5
File LV Type Ckp SCN Ckp TimeName
---- -- ---- ---------- --------- ----
4 Full 1181392 02-AUG-13 /oracle/app/oradata/ORCL/datafile/o1_mf_users_8xm483jk_.dbf
查看数据文件的备份情况：
RMAN> list backup of datafile 1;
List of Backup Sets
===================
BS KeyType LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------
3 Full 1.01G DISK 00:02:24 02-AUG-13
BP Key: 3 Status: AVAILABLECompressed: NOTag: TAG20130802T015052
Piece Name: /oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/05og8fns_1_1
List of Datafiles in backup set 3
File LV Type Ckp SCN Ckp TimeName
---- -- ---- ---------- --------- ----
1 Full 1181392 02-AUG-13 /oracle/app/oradata/ORCL/datafile/o1_mf_system_8xm4839m_.dbf
BS KeyType LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------
6 Full 597.20M DISK 00:00:44 02-AUG-13
BP Key: 6 Status: AVAILABLECompressed: NOTag: TAG20130802T021232
Piece Name: /oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/08og8h0g_1_1
List of Datafiles in backup set 6
File LV Type Ckp SCN Ckp TimeName
---- -- ---- ---------- --------- ----
1 Full 1181392 02-AUG-13 /oracle/app/oradata/ORCL/datafile/o1_mf_system_8xm4839m_.dbf
-------------因为有多次备份，多个备份集中都有该数据文件，所以罗列的备份集是只要包含该文件的所有备份集。另外，对于备份策略，如果以冗余为准，而不是以时间为准的话，执行crosscheck的话，有些备份集可能会出现obselete，这一点有待实验验证，有精力的同学可以做以下实验，来这里探讨一下。
查看控制文件的备份情况：
RMAN> list backup of controlfile;
List of Backup Sets
===================
BS KeyType LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------
1 Full 9.36M DISK 00:00:03 02-AUG-13
BP Key: 1 Status: AVAILABLECompressed: NOTag: TAG20130802T014453
Piece Name: /oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/02og8fcm_1_1
Control File Included: Ckp SCN: 1181185 Ckp time: 02-AUG-13
BS KeyType LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------
2 Full 9.36M DISK 00:00:01 02-AUG-13
BP Key: 2 Status: AVAILABLECompressed: NOTag: TAG20130802T014548
Piece Name: /oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/04og8fed_1_1
Control File Included: Ckp SCN: 1181217 Ckp time: 02-AUG-13
BS KeyType LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------
4 Full 9.36M DISK 00:00:04 02-AUG-13
BP Key: 4 Status: AVAILABLECompressed: NOTag: TAG20130802T015052
Piece Name: /oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/06og8fsf_1_1
Control File Included: Ckp SCN: 1181392 Ckp time: 02-AUG-13
BS KeyType LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------
7 Full 9.36M DISK 00:00:04 02-AUG-13
BP Key: 7 Status: AVAILABLECompressed: NOTag: TAG20130802T021232
Piece Name: /oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/09og8h1t_1_1
Control File Included: Ckp SCN: 1181392 Ckp time: 02-AUG-13
BS KeyType LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------
9 Full 9.36M DISK 00:00:04 02-AUG-13
BP Key: 9 Status: AVAILABLECompressed: NOTag: TAG20130802T021853
Piece Name: /oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/0bog8hdh_1_1
Control File Included: Ckp SCN: 1181392 Ckp time: 02-AUG-13
BS KeyType LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------
10 Full 9.33M DISK 00:00:01 02-AUG-13
BP Key: 10 Status: AVAILABLECompressed: NOTag: TAG20130802T022227
Piece Name: /oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/0cog8hj3_1_1
Control File Included: Ckp SCN: 1181392 Ckp time: 02-AUG-13
BS KeyType LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------
12 Full 9.36M DISK 00:00:01 02-AUG-13
BP Key: 12 Status: AVAILABLECompressed: NOTag: TAG20130802T022254
Piece Name: /oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/0eog8hma_1_1
Control File Included: Ckp SCN: 1181392 Ckp time: 02-AUG-13
-------------同上，罗列的是所有包含控制文件的备份集。
查看不同类型设备上的备份：
查看设备类型为“Disk”的备份：（查看磁带上的备份可以使用“list device type sbt backup;”命令）
RMAN> list device type disk backup;
List of Backup Sets
===================
BS KeyType LV Size
------- ---- -- ----------
1 Full 9.36M
SPFILE Included: Modification time: 02-AUG-13
SPFILE db_unique_name: ORCL
Control File Included: Ckp SCN: 1181185 Ckp time: 02-AUG-13
Backup Set Copy #1 of backup set 1
Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time Compressed Tag
----------- ------------ --------------- ---------- ---
DISK 00:00:03 02-AUG-13 NO TAG20130802T014453
List of Backup Pieces for backup set 1 Copy #1
BP KeyPc# Status Piece Name
------- --- ----------- ----------
1 1 AVAILABLE /oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/02og8fcm_1_1
Backup Set Copy #2 of backup set 1
Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time Compressed Tag
----------- ------------ --------------- ---------- ---
DISK 00:00:03 02-AUG-13 NO TAG20130802T014453
List of Backup Pieces for backup set 1 Copy #2
BP KeyPc# Status Piece Name
------- --- ----------- ----------
21 1 AVAILABLE /oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/02og8fcm_1_2
BS KeyType LV Size
------- ---- -- ----------
2 Full 9.36M
SPFILE Included: Modification time: 02-AUG-13
SPFILE db_unique_name: ORCL
Control File Included: Ckp SCN: 1181217 Ckp time: 02-AUG-13
Backup Set Copy #1 of backup set 2
Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time Compressed Tag
----------- ------------ --------------- ---------- ---
DISK 00:00:01 02-AUG-13 NO TAG20130802T014548
List of Backup Pieces for backup set 2 Copy #1
BP KeyPc# Status Piece Name
------- --- ----------- ----------
2 1 AVAILABLE /oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/04og8fed_1_1
Backup Set Copy #2 of backup set 2
Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time Compressed Tag
----------- ------------ --------------- ---------- ---
DISK 00:00:01 02-AUG-13 NO TAG20130802T014548
List of Backup Pieces for backup set 2 Copy #2
BP KeyPc# Status Piece Name
------- --- ----------- ----------
22 1 AVAILABLE /oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/04og8fed_1_2
查看归档日志及其备份情况：
注：查看归档日志的命令为：list archivelog all;查看未备份的备份集；
查看归档日志备份集的命令为：list backup of archivelog all； 查看已备份的备份集；
RMAN> list archivelog all;
List of Archived Log Copies for database with db_unique_name ORCL
=====================================================================
Key Thrd Seq S Low Time
------- ---- ------- - ---------
1 1 12 A 02-AUG-13
Name: /oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/arch1_12_820195525.dbf
2 1 13 A 02-AUG-13
Name: /oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/arch1_13_820195525.dbf
3 1 14 A 02-AUG-13
Name: /oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/arch1_14_820195525.dbf
4 1 15 A 02-AUG-13
Name: /oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/arch1_15_820195525.dbf
6 1 16 A 02-AUG-13
Name: /oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/arch1_16_820195525.dbf
5 1 17 A 02-AUG-13
Name: /oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/arch1_17_820195525.dbf
7 1 18 A 02-AUG-13
Name: /oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/arch1_18_820195525.dbf
8 1 19 A 02-AUG-13
Name: /oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/arch1_19_820195525.dbf
9 1 20 A 02-AUG-13
Name: /oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/arch1_20_820195525.dbf
10 1 21 A 02-AUG-13
Name: /oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/arch1_21_820195525.dbf
11 1 22 A 02-AUG-13
Name: /oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/arch1_22_820195525.dbf
12 1 23 A 02-AUG-13
Name: /oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/arch1_23_820195525.dbf
13 1 24 A 02-AUG-13
Name: /oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/arch1_24_820195525.dbf
14 1 25 A 02-AUG-13
Name: /oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/arch1_25_820195525.dbf
查看系统中不存在（或者说是不在指定路径下）的备份：
RMAN> list expired backup;
specification does not match any backup in the repository
注：1.以上命令查看的是不存在的备份，如备份集用操作系统命令删除之后，crosscheck之后该备份集就为expired（X）状态。
2.跟obsolete概念区分，该参数是针对不满足retention policy条件(可以按照存放份数，也可以按照存放日期)的备份。
查看过期的备份：
RMAN> report obsolete;
RMAN retention policy will be applied to the command
RMAN retention policy is set to redundancy 1 ------检测条件是按照份数来的，多余的备份会被标记为obsolete，也可以设定是n Days。
Report of obsolete backups and copies
Type Key Completion Time Filename/Handle
-------------------- ------ ------------------ --------------------
Backup Set 1 02-AUG-13
Backup Piece 1 02-AUG-13 /oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/02og8fcm_1_1
Backup Set 1 02-AUG-13
Backup Piece 21 02-AUG-13 /oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/02og8fcm_1_2
Backup Set 2 02-AUG-13
Backup Piece 22 02-AUG-13 /oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/04og8fed_1_2
Backup Set 2 02-AUG-13
Backup Piece 2 02-AUG-13 /oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/04og8fed_1_1
Backup Set 3 02-AUG-13
Backup Piece 23 02-AUG-13 /oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/05og8fns_1_2
Backup Set 3 02-AUG-13
Backup Piece 3 02-AUG-13 /oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/05og8fns_1_1
Backup Set 4 02-AUG-13
Backup Piece 24 02-AUG-13 /oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/06og8fsf_1_2
Backup Set 4 02-AUG-13
Backup Piece 4 02-AUG-13 /oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/06og8fsf_1_1
Backup Set 7 02-AUG-13
Backup Piece 7 02-AUG-13 /oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/09og8h1t_1_1
Backup Set 7 02-AUG-13
Backup Piece 25 02-AUG-13 /oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/09og8h1t_1_2
Backup Set 9 02-AUG-13
Backup Piece 9 02-AUG-13 /oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/0bog8hdh_1_1
Backup Set 9 02-AUG-13
Backup Piece 26 02-AUG-13 /oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/0bog8hdh_1_2
Backup Set 10 02-AUG-13
Backup Piece 27 02-AUG-13 /oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/0cog8hj3_1_2
Backup Set 10 02-AUG-13
Backup Piece 10 02-AUG-13 /oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/0cog8hj3_1_1
Backup Set 12 02-AUG-13
Backup Piece 29 02-AUG-13 /oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/0eog8hma_1_2
Backup Set 12 02-AUG-13
Backup Piece 12 02-AUG-13 /oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/0eog8hma_1_1
Backup Set 14 02-AUG-13
Backup Piece 14 02-AUG-13 /oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/c-1347976258-20130802-00
Backup Set 16 02-AUG-13
Backup Piece 16 02-AUG-13 /oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/c-1347976258-20130802-01
查看几天前的schema状态
$ rman target /
Recovery Manager: Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on Fri Aug 2 03:22:07 2013
Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle and/or its affiliates.All rights reserved.
connected to target database: ORCL (DBID=1347976258)
RMAN> report schema at time 'SYSDATE-1';
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-00569: =============== ERROR MESSAGE STACK FOLLOWS ===============
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-03002: failure of report command at 08/02/2013 03:22:23
RMAN-06137: must have recovery catalog for REPORT SCHEMA AT TIME
--------------所以很多时候都建议使用catalog进行备份
查看需要备份的文件：
RMAN> report need backup;
RMAN retention policy will be applied to the command
RMAN retention policy is set to redundancy 1
Report of files with less than 1 redundant backups
File #bkps Name
---- ----- -----------------------------------------------------
查看违反规则的备份：
RMAN> report obsolete;
RMAN retention policy will be applied to the command
RMAN retention policy is set to redundancy 1
no obsolete backups found
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