nbu命令及用法(5.0)
Backup command and result
available_media.cmd :
显示系统可用的备份介质,
C:\Program Files\VERITAS\NetBackup\bin\goodies>available_media.cmd
media media robot robot robot side/ ret size status
ID type type # slot face level KBytes
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
DataStore pool
NetBackup pool
None pool
tpclean
NAME
tpclean - manages tape drive cleaning
SYNOPSIS
/usr/openv/volmgr/bin/tpclean -L
/usr/openv/volmgr/bin/tpclean -C drive_name
/usr/openv/volmgr/bin/tpclean -M drive_name
DESCRIPTION
tpclean allows you to monitor Media Manager tape drive usage and optionally
configure tape drives to be automatically cleaned (except drives in ACS, LMF, ODL, RSM,
or TLH robots; or shared (SSO) drives).
#tpclean -L
Drive Name Type Mount Time Frequency Last Cleaned Comment
********** **** ********** ********** ************ *******
qsci_drv0 qscsi 0.0 0 N/A
rob_A_drv1 8mm* 11.4 30 14:33 05/29/92
4mm_drv5 4mm 5.6 10 13:01 06/02/92
dlt_drv6 dlt 3.0 0 N/A
The following example sets the cleaning frequency for the drive named qsci_drv0 to 25
hours. The drive will be flagged as needing cleaning after 25 hours of mount time has
occurred.
tpclean -F qsci_drv0 25
check_coverage.cmd
比较己备份镜像和实际备份内容的差异
C:\Program Files\VERITAS\NetBackup\bin\goodies>check_coverage.cmd
File System Backup Coverage Report (UNIX and WindowsNT/2000/XP/95/98/Me only)
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Key: * - Policy is not active
UNCOVERED - Mount Point not covered by an active policy
MULTIPLE - Mount Point covered by multiple active policies
CLIENT: seasky
Drive Letter Backed Up By Policy Notes
------------ ------------------- -----
C:\ UNCOVERED
D:\ UNCOVERED
E:\ UNCOVERED
F:\ UNCOVERED
G:\ UNCOVERED
H:\ UNCOVERED
System_State:\ UNCOVERED
C:\Program Files\VERITAS\NetBackup\bin\goodies>supportnow.exe
Vmpool
显示,增加,修改,删除卷池
C:\Program Files\VERITAS\Volmgr\bin>vmpool
Usage: vmpool [-h volume_database_host]
{
-listall [-b] |
-listscratch |
-add "" |
-change "" |
-delete
-set_scratch
-unset_scratch
}
C:\Program Files\VERITAS\Volmgr\bin>vmpool -listall
===================================================================
pool number: 0
pool name: None
description: the None pool (for anyone)
pool host: ANYHOST
pool user: ANY
pool group: NONE
================================================================================
pool number: 1
pool name: NetBackup
description: the NetBackup pool
pool host: ANYHOST
pool user: 0 (???)
pool group: NONE
================================================================================
pool number: 2
pool name: DataStore
description: the DataStore pool
pool host: ANYHOST
pool user: 0 (???)
pool group: NONE
bpconfig
显示或修改全局设置(modify or displays the netbackup global configuration attributes)
C:\Program Files\VERITAS\NetBackup\bin\admincmd>bpconfig
*NULL* 10 12 1 2 28 0 0 0 0 1 24 1 0 2
C:\Program Files\VERITAS\NetBackup\bin\admincmd>bpconfig ?
bpconfig: unrecognized option ?
USAGE: bpconfig [-cd seconds] [-ha hours] [-kl days] [-kt days]
[-ma [address]] [-mdtm drives]
[-sto seconds] [-mj number]
[-period hours] [-ppi 0|1] [-prep hours] [-to seconds]
[-max_copies 2...10]
[-tries times] [-wi minutes] [-v] [-M master_server,...]
bpconfig [-L|-l|-U [-v] [-M master_server,...]]
C:\Program Files\VERITAS\NetBackup\bin\admincmd>bpconfig -L -M SeaSky
Mail Admin: *NULL*
Wakeup Interval: 10 minutes
Max Jobs/Client: 1
Backup Tries: 2 in 12 hours
Keep Logs: 28 days
Max drives/master: 0
Compress DB Files: (not enabled)
Media Mnt Timeout: 0 minutes (unlimited)
Postprocess Image: immediately
Display Reports: 24 hours ago
Keep TIR Info: 1 days
Prep Interval: 4 hours (default)
Max Backup Copies: 2
Vmadm
基于字符的卷管理工具,为了生效vmadm所做的任何更改, media manager volume daemon –VMD必须激活, C:\Program Files\VERITAS\Volmgr\bin>vmd
vmadd
往卷库中增加卷
C:\Program Files\VERITAS\Volmgr\bin>vmadd
missing media type
Usage: vmadd -m -mt
[-h ] [-verbose]
[-b ] [-rt ]
[-rn ] [-rh ]
[-rc1 ] [-rc2 ]
[-p ] [-mm | -n ]
[-op ] [-d ""]
vmchange
修改卷配置信息
C:\Program Files\VERITAS\Volmgr\bin>vmchange.exe
No change mode specified
Usage:
(Change volume-group residence)
vmchange.exe [-h ]
-vg_res -rt -rn
-rh -v
(Change volume residence)
vmchange.exe [-h ]
-res -m -mt -rt
-rn -rh -v
-rc1 [-rc2 ]
(Change volume expiration date)
vmchange.exe [-h ]
-exp mm/dd/yy hh:mm:ss -m
(Change barcode for a volume)
vmchange.exe [-h ]
-barcode -m
[-rt ]
(Change media description)
vmchange.exe [-h ]
-d "" -m
(Associate this volume with a different pool)
vmchange.exe [-h ]
-p -m
(Change volume's maximum mount count)
vmchange.exe [-h ]
-maxmounts -m
(Change volume's number of mounts count / cleanings)
vmchange.exe [-h ]
-n -m
(Change volume's media type)
vmchange.exe [-h ]
-new_mt -m
(Change volume's robot type)
vmchange.exe [-h ]
-new_rt -m -rn
(Change volume group)
vmchange.exe [-h ]
-new_v
[-m | -b -mt -rt ]
(Change a volume's vault name)
vmchange.exe [-h ]
-vltname -m
(Change the date a volume was sent to the vault)
vmchange.exe [-h ]
-vltsent mm/dd/yy hh:mm:ss -m
(Change the date when a volume returns from the vault)
vmchange.exe [-h ]
-vltreturn mm/dd/yy hh:mm:ss -m
(Change a volume's vault slot number)
vmchange.exe [-h ]
-vltslot -m
(Change a volume's vault session id)
vmchange.exe [-h ]
-vltsession -m
(Eject ACS, TLM, or TLH volumes)
vmchange.exe -api_eject -map -w
[-h ]
-res -ml -rt
-rn -rh [-v ]
(Get robot information for TL8 or TLD)
vmchange.exe -res -robot_info -verbose
-rn -rt -rh
(Eject TL8 or TLD volumes)
vmchange.exe -res -multi_eject -w -verbose
-rn -rt -rh
-ml
(Inject TL8 or TLD volumes)
vmchange.exe -res -multi_inject -w -verbose
-rn -rt -rh
vmcheckXXXX
报告机械臂带库的介质组分
C:\Program Files\VERITAS\Volmgr\bin>vmcheckxxx.exe
Usage: vmcheckxxx -rt robot_type -rn robot_number
[-rh robot_control_host] [-h volume_database_host]
[[-if inventory_filter_value] [-if inventory_filter_value] ...]
[-full] [-list]
vmdelete
删除卷
C:\Program Files\VERITAS\Volmgr\bin>vmdelete.exe
missing media ID or volume group to delete
Usage: vmdelete.exe [-h ]
[-m | -v ]
vmquery
查寻卷
C:\Program Files\VERITAS\Volmgr\bin>vmquery.exe
Usage: vmquery.exe [-h ,...,-h ]
[-b | -w]
{
-a |
-m |
-v |
-rn |
-rt |
-mt |
-p |
-pn |
-res
|
-assignbyid
|
-deassignbyid
}
CAUTION: The act of unassigning volumes may lead to inconsistencies
between the application media database and volume database,
leading to the possibility for data loss. You must expire the
media from an application interface.
C:\Program Files\VERITAS\Volmgr\bin>vmquery -a
Vmupdate
清点机械壁带库的介质组分并更新卷数据库
C:\Program Files\VERITAS\Volmgr\bin>vmupdate
Usage: vmupdate -rt robot_type -rn robot_number
[-rh robot_control_host] [-h volume_database_host]
[[-if inventory_filter_value] [-if inventory_filter_value] ...]
[-full] [-recommend] [-interactive]
[-involgrp volume_group] [-outvolgrp volume_group]
[-mt media_type] [-p pool_name] [-use_barcode_rules]
[-use_seed] [-mp media_id_prefix] [-no_sides]
[-no_format_optical] [-overwrite_labels] [-empty_map]
Tpconfig
配置磁带命令
C:\Program Files\VERITAS\Volmgr\bin>tpconfig
Usage:
(Display device configuration)
tpconfig -d
tpconfig -dl
tpconfig -l
tpconfig -lsavdbhost
(Add drive)
tpconfig -add -drive -type -path
[-asciiname ] [-index ] [-shared [yes|no]]
[-cleanfreq ] [-comment ] [-drstatus [UP|DOWN]]
[-robot -robtype ] [-noverify]
[-robdrnum | -VendorDrvName ]
[-ACS -LSM -PANEL -DRIVE ]
(Update drive)
tpconfig -update -drive
[-type ] [-path ] [-noverify]
[-newasciiname ] [-shared [yes|no]]
[-cleanfreq ] [-comment ] [-drstatus [UP|DOWN]]
[-robot -robtype ]
[-robdrnum | -VendorDrvName ]
[-ACS -LSM -PANEL -DRIVE ]
(Delete drive)
tpconfig -delete -drive
tpconfig -multiple_delete -drive ::
(Add robot)
tpconfig -add -robot -robtype -robpath
[-vdbhost ]
tpconfig -add -robot -robtype
-port -bus -target -lun
[-vdbhost ]
tpconfig -add -robot -robtype -cntlhost
[-vdbhost ]
(Update robot)
tpconfig -update -robot
[-robtype ] [-robpath |
-port -bus -target -lun |
-cntlhost ] [-vdbhost ]
(Delete robot)
tpconfig -delete -robot
tpconfig -multiple_delete -robot ::
(Update standalone drive volume database host)
tpconfig -savdbhost
can be one of the following:
"4mm", for 4mm tape drives
"8mm", for 8mm tape drives
"8mm2", for 8mm tape drives (2)
"8mm3", for 8mm tape drives (3)
"dlt", for DLT tape drives
"dlt2", for DLT tape drives (2)
"dlt3", for DLT tape drives (3)
"hcart", for half-inch tape drives
"hcart2", for half-inch tape drives (2)
"hcart3", for half-inch tape drives (3)
"qscsi", for quarter-inch tape drives
is the system's name for the drive.
"Tape0" for example
can be one of the following:
"acs", for Automated Cartridge System robotic libraries
"rsm", for Removable Storage Manager robotic libraries
"tl4", for Tape Library 4mm robotic libraries
"tl8", for Tape Library 8mm robotic libraries
"tld", for Tape Library DLT robotic libraries
"tlh", for Tape Library Half-inch robotic libraries
"tlm", for Tape Library Multimedia robotic libraries
"ts8", for Tape Stacker 8mm robotic libraries
"tsd", for Tape Stacker DLT robotic libraries
tpreq
请求挂卷及和指定的驱动名相关链
C:\Program Files\VERITAS\Volmgr\bin>tpreq.exe
File Name and media ID must be specified
Usage: tpreq -m media_id [-a (r/w)] [-d density] [-p poolname] [-f] filename
tpunmount.exe
从目录中移走磁带文件,并移走磁带卷从驱动器中
C:\Program Files\VERITAS\Volmgr\bin>tpunmount.exe
Usage: tpunmount [-f] filename [-force]
Do_not_eject_standalone option is specified in the vm.conf
Vmrule
管理微码
C:\Program Files\VERITAS\Volmgr\bin>vmrule
Usage: vmrule [-h volume_database_host]
{
-listall [-b] |
-add "" |
-change "" |
-delete
}
bpbakcup
往备份服务器上备份文件
C:\Program Files\VERITAS\NetBackup\bin\goodies>bpbackup
Specify either a listfile or a list of files on the command line.
USAGE: bpbackup [-p policy] [-s schedule] [-k "keyword phrase"]
[-L progress_log [-en]] [-S master_server...]
[-t policy_type] [-w [hh:mm:ss]]
-f listfile | filenames
bpbackup -i [-p policy] [-s schedule] [-k "keyword phrase"]
[-h hostname] [-L progress_log [-en]] [-S master_server...]
[-t policy_type] [-w [hh:mm:ss]]
EXIT STATUS 144: invalid command usage
Bpbackupdb
备份目录信息
C:\Program Files\VERITAS\NetBackup\bin\admincmd>bpbackupdb -help
USAGE: bpbackupdb [{-dpath disk_path} |
{-tpath tape_device_path [-m media_ID]} |
{-opath optical_device_path [-m media_ID]}]
[-nodbpaths] [-v] [path...]
bpdbjobs[/color
和NBU job数据库交互
C:\Program Files\VERITAS\NetBackup\bin\admincmd>bpdbjobs -help
bpdbjobs: [-report] [-M ]
[-file ] [-append] [ -vault | -lvault | -all_columns ]
bpdbjobs: -summary [-M ]
[-file ] [-append] [ -U | -L | -all_columns ]
bpdbjobs: -delete [-M ]
bpdbjobs: -cancel [-M ]
bpdbjobs: -cancel_all [-M ]
[-M ]
bpdbjobs: -clean [-M ]
[-keep_hours ] or [-keep_days ]
[-keep_successful_hours ] or [-keep_successful_days ]
[-verbose]
= [ 3..720 ] = [ 1..30 ]
bpdbjobs: -version
bpdbjobs: -help
bpduplicate
创建一个备份拷贝
bperror
显示NBU状态及trouleshoot信息从NBU错误目录中得到
C:\Program Files\VERITAS\NetBackup\bin\admincmd>bperror
USAGE: bperror {-S|-statuscode status_code}
[-r|-recommendation] [-p|-platform Unx|NTx] [-v]
bperror [-all|-problems|-media|{-backstat [-by_statcode]}]
[-L|-l|-U] [-columns ncols]
[-d mm/dd/yyyy HH:MM:SS|-hoursago hours] [-e mm/dd/yyyy HH:MM:SS]
[-client client_name] [-server server_name]
[-jobid job_id]
[-M master_server,...] [-v]
bperror [-s {severity[+]}|severity ...] [-t type ...]
[-L|-l|-U] [-columns ncols]
[-d mm/dd/yyyy HH:MM:SS|-hoursago hours] [-e mm/dd/yyyy HH:MM:SS]
[-client client_name] [-server server_name]
[-jobid job_id]
[-M master_server,...] [-v]
-by_statcode is used only with both -U and -backstat
Valid values for ncols:
40 or more
Valid values for severity:
ALL, DEBUG, INFO, WARNING, ERROR, CRITICAL
Valid values for type:
ALL, ARCHIVE, BACKSTAT, BACKUP, GENERAL,
MEDIADEV, RETRIEVE, SECURITY
Bpexpdate
改变备份介质目录的过期日期
C:\Program Files\VERITAS\NetBackup\bin\admincmd>bpexpdate.exe
bpexpdate: -m -d
[-host ] [-force]
[-M ]
bpexpdate: -deassignempty [-m ] [-host ] [-force]
[-M ]
bpexpdate: -backupid -d
[-client ] [-copy ] [-force]
[-M ]
bpexpdate: -recalculate [-backupid ] [-copy ]
[-d ] [-client ]
[-policy ] [-ret ] [-sched ]
[-M ]
legal values for sched: 0=full,1=differential incr,2=user,3=arch
4=cumulative incr
bpimport
引入备份
C:\Program Files\VERITAS\NetBackup\bin\admincmd>bpimport -help
bpimport: -create_db_info -id [-server ] [-L [-en]]
[-passwd] [-local]
bpimport: [-l] [-p] [-pb] [-PD] [-PM] [-v] [-local] [-client ]
[-M master_server]
[-Bidfile ]
[-backup_copy ]
[-st ] [-sl ] [-L [-en]]
[-policy ] [-s ] [-e ]
[-pt ] [-hoursago ] [-cn ]
[-backupid ] [-id ]
Valid values for sched_type:
FULL, INCR, CINC, UBAK, UARC, NOT_ARCHIVE
Valid values for policy_type:
Standard Apollo-wbak NetWare MS-Windows-NT
OS/2 AFS
Bplabel
往磁带介质上写标签
C:\Program Files\VERITAS\NetBackup\bin\admincmd>bplabel
External media ID and density must be specified
Usage: bplabel -m media_ID -d density [-o] [-p volume_pool_name]
[-n drive_name | -u device_number]
bplist
列出备份及归档的文件
C:\Program Files\VERITAS\NetBackup\bin\admincmd>bplist -help
USAGE: bplist [-A | -B] [-C client] [-S master_server]
[-t policy_type] [-k policy] [-keyword "keyword phrase"]
[-F] [-R [n]] [-b | -c | -u] [-l] [-r] [-T] [-I] [-PI]
[-unix_files | -nt_files] [-Listseconds] [-flops file_options]
[-s mm/dd/yyyy [HH:MM:SS]] [-e mm/dd/yyyy [HH:MM:SS]] [filename]
bppldelete
删除策略
C:\Program Files\VERITAS\NetBackup\bin\admincmd>bppldelete
bppldelete: [-verbose] [-M ]
bppllist
列出备份策略
C:\Program Files\VERITAS\NetBackup\bin\admincmd>bppllist -help
bppllist: [] [-L|-l|-U] [-verbose] [-allpolicies]
[-M ]
[-hwos]
[-byclient ] [-keyword "keyword phrase"]
bpmedia
freeze,unfreeze,suspend,unsuspend
C:\Program Files\VERITAS\NetBackup\bin\admincmd>bpmedia
bpmedia: operation not specified
bpmedia:
-freeze|-unfreeze|-suspend|-unsuspend -m [-h ] [-v]
-movedb -m -newserver [-oldserver ] [-v]
bpmedialist
显示介质状态
C:\Program Files\VERITAS\NetBackup\bin\admincmd>bpmedialist -help
USAGE: bpmedialist [-mlist] [-U|-l|-L] [-m media_id] [-rl ret_level]
[-d density] [-p pool_name]
[-h host_name | -M master_server...] [-v]
bpmedialist -summary [-U|-L] [-brief] [-p pool_name]
[-h host_name | -M master_server...] [-v]
bpmedialist -mcontents -m media_id [-U|-l|-L] [-d density]
[-h host_name | -M master_server...] [-v]
bpmedialist -count -rt robot_type -rn robot_number [-d density]
[-U|-l] [-h host_name | -M master_server...] [-v]
bpplinfo
管理及显示策略信息
C:\Program Files\VERITAS\NetBackup\bin\admincmd>bpplinfo
USAGE: bpplinfo policy_name -L|-l|-U [-v] [-M master_server,...]
bpplinfo policy_name -set|-modify [-v] [-M master_server,...]
[-active | -inactive] [-pt policy_type]
[-ut] [-ef effective_time]
[-residence label]
[-pool label]
[-priority priority]
[-rfile flag] [-blkincr flag]
[-multiple_streams flag] [-keyword "keyword phrase"]
[-encrypt flag]
[-collect_tir_info value] [-compress flag]
[-crossmp flag] [-disaster flag] [-follownfs flag]
[-policyjobs max_jobs(0=unlimited)]
Valid values for policy_type:
Standard Apollo-wbak NetWare MS-Windows-NT
OS/2 AFS
Bprecover
恢复相关的nbu目录
C:\Program Files\VERITAS\NetBackup\bin\admincmd>bprecover -help
bprecover: -l -m media_ID -d density [-v]
-l -tpath [-v]
-l -dpath [-v]
-l -opath [-v]
-r [ALL|image_number] -m media_ID -d density [-stdout] [-dhost ] [-v]
-r [ALL|image_number] -tpath [-stdout] [-dhost ]
[-v]
-r [ALL|image_number] -dpath [-stdout] [-dhost ] [-v
]
-r [ALL|image_number] -opath [-stdout] [-dhost ]
[-v]
bprestore
还原文件
C:\Program Files\VERITAS\NetBackup\bin\admincmd>bprestore
USAGE: bprestore [-A | -B] [-K] [-l | -H | -y] [-r] [-T]
[-L progress_log [-en]] [-R rename_file] [-C client]
[-D client] [-S master_server] [-t policy_type]
[-p policy] [-k "keyword phrase"] [-cm] [-md]
[-td temp_dir] [-BR be_redirection_path] [-F file_options]
[-s mm/dd/yyyy [HH:MM:SS]] [-e mm/dd/yyyy [HH:MM:SS]]
[-w [hh:mm:ss]] -f listfile | filenames
EXIT STATUS 144: invalid command usage
Bpstuadd
创建nbu storage unit group or a storage unit
C:\Program Files\VERITAS\NetBackup\bin\admincmd>bpstuadd
USAGE: bpstuadd -group group_name [stunit name]
or
USAGE: bpstuadd -label storage_unit_label
-path path_name
or
-density density_type [-rt robot_type -rn robot_number]
[-host host_name]
[-cj max_jobs]
[-odo on_demand_only]
[-mfs max_fragment_size]
[-maxmpx mpx_factor]
[-nh NDMP_attach_host]
[-verbose]
[-fastrax]
[-M master_server,...]
Valid values for mpx_factor: 1..32
max_fragment_size in MB:
For removable media, 0 if unlimited or greater than 50
For disk, between 20 and 2000 (2GB)
Bpstudel
删除storage unit
C:\Program Files\VERITAS\NetBackup\bin\admincmd>bpstudel
bpstudel: -label [-verbose]
[-M ]
or
bpstudel: -group
[-M ]
bpstulist
列出storage unit
C:\Program Files\VERITAS\NetBackup\bin\admincmd>bpstulist -help
bpstulist: unrecognized option -help
bpstulist: -label [-L|-l|-U] [-g|-go] [-verbose]
[-M ]
bpstulist: -group [-verbose]
[-M ]
bpverify
验证创建的备份
C:\Program Files\VERITAS\NetBackup\bin\admincmd>bpverify -help
bpverify: [-l] [-p] [-pb] [-v] [-local] [-client ]
[-st ] [-sl ] [-L [-en]]
[-policy ] [-s mm/dd/yyyy HH:MM:SS] [-e mm/dd/yyyy HH:MM:SS]
[-M master_server]
[-Bidfile ]
[-backup_copy ]
[-pt ] [-hoursago ]
[[-cn ] | [-primary]]
[-backupid ] [-id ]
Valid values for sched_type:
FULL, INCR, CINC, UBAK, UARC, NOT_ARCHIVE
Valid values for policy_type:
Standard Apollo-wbak NetWare MS-Windows-NT
OS/2 AFS
Vopied
提供密码验证的服务
C:\Program Files\VERITAS\NetBackup\bin\admincmd>vopied -help
Usage: vopied
-standalone
-debug
-portnum number
-max_time seconds
-log_dir path
-severity mask bpclntcmd
C:\Program Files\VERITAS\NetBackup\bin>bpclntcmd.exe /?
bpclntcmd.exe: unrecognized option /?
bpclntcmd.exe: -sv
bpclntcmd.exe: -pn
bpclntcmd.exe: -self
bpclntcmd.exe: -hn
bpclntcmd.exe: -server
bpclntcmd.exe: -ip
bpclntcmd.exe: -gethostname
bpclntcmd.exe: -is_local_host
C:\Program Files\VERITAS\NetBackup\bin>bpclntcmd.exe -gethostname
wind-bhvit8vzqw
C:\Program Files\VERITAS\NetBackup\bin>bpclntcmd.exe -sv
5.0GA
C:\Program Files\VERITAS\NetBackup\bin>bpclntcmd.exe -pn
expecting response from server wind-bhvit8vzqw
wind-bhvit8vzqw wind-bhvit8vzqw 10.168.123.9 2218
C:\Program Files\VERITAS\NetBackup\bin>bpclntcmd.exe -self
gethostname() returned: wind-bhvit8vzqw
host wind-bhvit8vzqw: wind-bhvit8vzqw.boco.com.cn at 10.168.123.9 (0x97ba80a)
checkhname: aliases:
C:\Program Files\VERITAS\NetBackup\bin>
Netbackup工作原理
VERITAS Netbackup工作原理可以用下图来表示:
file:///C:/DOCUME~1/ADMINI~1/LOCALS~1/Temp/ksohtml/wps_clip_image1.png
为了方便理解,以一个定时备份为例说明各个进程的工作原来和作用。
备份发起
首先是bprd,backup request daemon, 备份恢复任务的最终发起者,同时也是用户管理接口。如果是手工备份,通过它提交;如果是定时任务,由它根据netbackup 的”wakeup interval”参数 定时唤起bpsched,去检查备份计划表,发现有一个备份到点了,它就会发出备份指令。
master server和media server的通讯
Bpsched和bpcd的通讯是通过TCP完成的。Bpcd通过inetd侦听13782端口。
对于熟悉unix socket编程的人来说,inetd的工作原理应该并不陌生。Inetd是最经典的多线程程序,虽然有它的时候,线程概念还没有被提出来。Inetd daemon进程根据inetd配置,侦听一堆端口,如果某个端口收到请求就fork一个进程进行处理,我们常用的telnet,ftp等等都是由inetd管理,这样做的好处是,如果有1000个tcp端口需要侦听,如果每个进程侦听一个端口,就需要1000个进程,这显然对unix是个很大的负担,如果用一个进程来完成这1000个进程的工作是个比较好的选择。大家打开inetd的配置文件(linux上的xinetd是用目录来管理配置文件的),可以看到,当13782端口收到请求时inetd会fork bpcd(backup communication daemon)进程。
Media server的备份流程
Media server的bpcd进程收到请求后,会启动bpbrm(backup and restore manager)进程,bpbrm负责启动和管理备份作业的写进程,如果是磁带备份就启动bptm(backup tape manger),如果是磁盘备份就启动bpdm(backup disk manager)。如果bptm/bpdm没有报错,就通过inet 向客户端的bpcd提出备份要求, 客户端bpcd收到指令,启动bpbkar(backup and archive manager),这个进程会收集指定的备份文件数据,把他们发送给media server的bptm或者bpdm。
总的来说,bprd/bpdbm/bpcd/bpbkar/bptm/bpdm这些进程都是通过TCPIP进行的通讯的,/etc/services记录了这些进程的端口号,可以根据需要,对他们进行调整。
bptm/bpdm的工作原理
下面介绍一下bptm/bpdm的工作原理,bptm/bpdm采用的是常见的parent/client结构,在unix下写过ipc程序的人应该多写过这样的程序。当bpdm第一次收到客户端的bpbkar的消息时,fork一个子进程,子进程和父进程具有相同的进程上下文(context),然后就由子bptm进程负责接收bpbkar发来的备份数据(所以在备份的时候media server应该能看到多个bptm/bpdm进程)。子bptm进程把接收到的数据放入一块共享内存区,然后由父bptm进程从共享内存区中把数据读出,写到磁带上。所以当多个备份任务同时进行时,会有子bptm进程,而父bptm进程只有一个。
Metadata的传输过程
上面主要介绍了备份的数据流,没有包括metadata(catalog数据)的传输过程,这部分就是上图的虚线部分, metadata的传输比较简单,就是顺着我们前面介绍的路,原路返回,由bpsched发给bpdbm(backup database manager) 写到catalog里面去。
VERITAS NetBackup安装文档(转贴)
安装VERITAS NetBackup
一、安装阶段
1. 准备好安装环境
本例将media server和master server同装在一台机器上。
2.将安装盘放至光驱或考至本地磁盘。
3.双击SETUP。
4.进入Netbackup License Key And Server Type
在lincense.txt中查找lincense,并在License Key中输入License
此时左边三个按钮同时变为可操作方式。
5.点击NetBackup master server。
6.选择typical方式安装 => NEXT
7.Netbackup System Names => 输入Master Server Name(TEST) => NEXT
8.输入Global Device Database Host Name =>TEST3--可以跟Master Server Name相同。
9.点击Install开始安装。
10.设置环境变量,并定位LOG文件(这一部可以不设置)
控制面板 => 系统 => 高级 => 环境变量 => 新建环境变量。
11.点击Finish,进入getting started,完成配置阶段。
二、配置阶段
1.有两种方式进入配置阶段
a. 在安装VERITAS NetBackup结束时,点击Finish,进入getting started,实现配置向导。
b. 在Netbackup Administration Console=>Netbackup Management=>进入getting started。
2. Configure storage Devices
配置storage Devices设备,特别是磁带设备时最容易出现备份异常的地方,所以要严格按照安装步骤来实现,如果存储设备仍然有问题,建议删除该设备,重新安装设备。
参见第三节及VERITAS提供的文档。
2.1 按下一步(可以支持中文显示)一直到出现Device Hosts, 选择ADD,增加该介质服务器(磁带设备)所在的主机名。点击下一步。
2.2 系统将扫描该主机上的已经安装的设备(如磁带机),直到点击完成。
2.3 磁带设备相关配置信息
在Netbackup Administration Console=>Netbackup Management=> Host Properties=>Master server/Media servers =>test --选择该介质服务器主机名。
右击该主机=>Properties...=>Media => Allow media overwrite中的选项全部打勾。该功能使以上选项中的格式进行覆盖,存入VERITAS 能识别的磁带数据。
2.4Netbackup Administration Console=>Media and Device Management=>
Device Monitor
在Drive Name 栏双击该设备名,出现该设备的详细信息,确保该设备为UP状态(默认),如果是DOWN状态,可以在Drive Name栏右击鼠标=>UP Drive。当该设备已经运行了备份后,可以在 Netbackup Administration Console=>Netbackup Management=>Reports=>
Media lists=> Media Logs => Media Summary 查看该设备的运行信息。
2.5 配置存储单元
a. 点击Netbackup Administration Console=>Netbackup Management=>
Storage Units
b. 在管理器的右边区域,点击鼠标右键,选择Add a New Storage Unit
c. 输入Unit name (disk/tape)
d.
d.1>配置磁盘备份单元:
d.1.1 General Properties=>Storage Unit type =>disk
d.1.2 Storage Unit type Properties=>Absolute Pathname to directory
d.1.3 输入要备份的磁盘目的路径,点击确定
d.2>配置磁带备份单元:
d.2.1 General Properties=>Storage Unit type =>Media Manager
d.2.2 Storage Unit type Properties=>Density选择磁带的类型(如果磁带为4MM类型,选择4mm-4mm Cartridge)
注意:下面还要谈到处理异常的一些常用解决办法
3. volume configureation
3.1 从volume configureation 窗口点击NEXT,Welcome to the Volume
Configuration wizard画面出现。
3.2 点击NEXT,Select Device窗口出现。
默认为3个卷
MM4001
A00000
A00001
3.3 选择该磁带机设备,点击NEXT,Standalone Media窗口出现,
选择磁带的个数(默认为1) => 点击NEXT => 点击finish。 为单个磁带机进行卷配置(可以配置多个卷,装有不同的数据,其中磁带中包含了一些数据的配置信息),也可以为磁带库进行配置(Robot device)。本例只涉及到单个磁带机的配置。
4. Configure the Catalog Backup
(用于存放备份信息的库)
4.1 从Configure the Catalog Backup窗口点击NEXT,welcome to the Catalog Backup wizard 出现
4.2 按NEXT进入Media Type for the Destination
4.3 选择Removable media(磁带设备)或者Disk(磁盘),出现Media ID for the Destination窗口
注意:为了安全起见,建议将Catalog 放至磁带上,选择在卷配置中创建的卷(如A00001)。
4.4 点击NEXT,Alternating Destinations窗口出现,此窗口用来选择备用的路径来保存Catalog 信息
4.5 点击NEXT直至出现finish,完成Catalog Backup的配置
5. Create a Backup Policy
两种方式来创建策略:
a. 在Netbackup Administration Console=>Netbackup Management下点击Create a Backup Policy
b. 在Netbackup Administration Console=>Netbackup Management=>
Policys 右击鼠标,选择创建 new Policy
5.1 Policy Configuration窗口点击NEXT,Welcome to the Backup Policy Configuration wizard窗口出现
5.备份状态为256时,那么可能该磁带机中磁带可能同VERITAS的备份类型不符,需要按VERITAS自定义的格式进行设置,在管理器中的HOST => MASTER MEDIA = 属性 => MEDIA 下将支持的格式都选上。
6.默认情况下,只有存储单元类型为磁盘类型, on demand only选项被选上,如果所有的存储类型的,on demand only被选上,那么要在制定备份策略时要指定存储单元,否则可能备份不成功。
7.如果备份不成功,按前面的步骤也未能解决问题,又不知道什么原因,可以试一下将所有策略中的Retention 设置成一样长(为什么要这样设???)
8.在出现异常时查看状态信息
a. 选择View => Monitor Jobs
b. Netbackup Administration Console=>Activey Monitor
c. ...\VERITAS\NetBackup\Logs\user_ops\mssql\logs
d.在Netbackup Administration Console=>Netbackup Management=>Reports 中查看详细信息。
e. 在...\VERITAS\NetBackup\Logs\user_ops\mssql\logs中查看日志
f. 在detailed status下选择Troubleshooter按钮查看错误原因和解决办法。
g. 查看文档NetBackup_TroubleShoot_NTServer WINDOWS平台。
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