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标题: shell 替换字符串 [打印本页]

作者: biubiuu 时间: 2015-03-10 11:49
标题: shell 替换字符串
本帖最后由 biubiuu 于 2015-03-10 11:50 编辑

我要更换网卡0的mac和ip，下面是/etc/network/interfaces 文件的一部分
auto eth0
iface eth0 inet static
pre-up ifconfig eth0 hw ether 84:7E:40:EF

6:C6
      address 192.168.2.88
      netmask 255.255.255.0
      network 192.168.1.0
      gateway 192.168.1.1

我是这么做的
ip=192.168.1.1
mac=01:01:01:01:01:01

sed -i -e "0,/^address/s/.*$address$.*/ address $ip/" $file_path
sed -i -e "0,/^pre-up/s/.*eth0.*/ pre-up ifconfig eth0 hw ether $hwadd/" $file_path

发现把后面网卡1的address也改了，之前含有eth0的行改成 pre-up ifconfig eth0 hw ether 01:01:01:01:01:01了
求各位帮帮忙，应该怎么改才对

作者: zsszss0000 时间: 2015-03-10 12:25
贴一个完整的文本啊回复 1# biubiuu

作者: 我是一隻羊 时间: 2015-03-10 12:28
本帖最后由我是一隻羊于 2015-03-10 12:51 编辑

sed -ri '/iface eth0/{N;N;s/(ether )[^\n]*/\1'$mac'/;s/(address )[^\n]*/\1'$ip'/}' inputfile

复制代码

awk '/iface/{a=$2}{if(a=="eth0"){sub(/address.*/,"address '$ip'");sub(/ether.*/,"ether '$mac'")}}1' inputfile

复制代码

作者: zsszss0000 时间: 2015-03-10 12:59
本帖最后由 zsszss0000 于 2015-03-10 13:19 编辑

cat file | awk -vMAC="11:22:33:44:55:66" -vIP="11.22.33.44" '{if($0~"auto eth0"){flag=1}else if($0~"auto eth1"){flag=0};if(flag==1){if($0~"ifconfig eth0")$7=MAC;if($0~"address")$2=IP;}}1'

复制代码

cat file | awk -vMAC="11:22:33:44:55:66" -vIP="11.22.33.44" '{if($0~"auto eth0"){flag=1}else if($0~"auto eth[1-9]"){flag=0};if(flag==1){if($0~"ifconfig eth0")$7=MAC;if($0~"address")$2=IP;}}1'

复制代码

作者: biubiuu 时间: 2015-03-10 14:15
回复 2# zsszss0000
# /etc/network/interfaces -- configuration file for ifup(

, ifdown(

# The loopback interface
auto lo
iface lo inet loopback

# Wireless interfaces
#
# Example of an unencrypted (no WEP or WPA) wireless connection
# that connects to any available access point:
#
iface wlan0 inet dhcp
      wireless_mode managed
      wireless_essid any

iface tiwlan0 inet dhcp
      wireless_mode managed
      wireless_essid any
#
#
# Same as above but locked to a specific access point:
#
#iface wlan0 inet dhcp
#    wireless_mode managed
#    wireless-essid some-essid
#
# A WEP encrypted connection locked to a specific access point:
#
#iface wlan0 inet dhcp
#    wireless-essid some-essid
#    wireless-key s:My-PlainText-Password
#    wireless-mode managed
#
# A WPA1 or WPA2 encrypted connection locked to a specific access point.
# This is the best option for non-roaming, single-network usage.
# Note that your card may require a firmware update to use WPA.
# Some distributions install a temporary volatile firmware update on ifup.
#
#iface wlan0 inet dhcp
#    wpa-essid some-essid
#    wpa-psk My-PlainText-Password
#
# A WPA1 or WPA2 encrypted connection using an external configuration file
# for wpa-supplicant. This is the way to go if you need to configure multiple
# networks with different keys and / or WPA settings and roaming support.
#
# iface wlan0 inet dhcp
# wpa-conf /etc/wpa_supplicant.conf
# wpa-driver hostap

iface atml0 inet dhcp

# Wired or wireless interfaces
auto eth0
iface eth0 inet static
      pre-up ifconfig eth0 hw ether 84:7E:40:EF

6:C6
      address 192.168.2.88
      netmask 255.255.255.0
      network 192.168.1.0
      gateway 192.168.1.1
#iface eth0 inet dhcp
#       pre-up /bin/grep -v -e "ip=[0-9]\+\.[0-9]\+\.[0-9]\+\.[0-9]\+" /proc/cmdline > /dev/null

#iface eth1 inet dhcp
auto eth1
iface eth1 inet static
      address 192.168.1.89
      netmask 255.255.255.0
      network 192.168.1.0
      gateway 192.168.1.1

# Ethernet/RNDIS gadget (g_ether)
# ... or on host side, usbnet and random hwaddr
iface usb0 inet dhcp

# Zaurus 2.4 Lineo net_fd; obsolete
iface usbd0 inet static
      address 192.168.129.201
      netmask 255.255.255.0
      network 192.168.129.0
      gateway 192.168.129.200

# iPAQ 2.4 mach-sa1100/usb-eth
# (192.168.0.202 is the iPAQ's IP, 192.168.0.200 is the host's IP)
iface usbf inet static
      address 192.168.0.202
      netmask 255.255.255.0
      network 192.168.0.0
      gateway 192.168.0.200

# Bluetooth networking
iface bnep0 inet dhcp

作者: zsszss0000 时间: 2015-03-10 14:35
楼上的几种方法应该没有问题回复 5# biubiuu

作者: biubiuu 时间: 2015-03-10 15:26
回复 6# zsszss0000
在这先谢谢大家了，我继续研究

作者: jason680 时间: 2015-03-10 16:12
回复 1# biubiuu

$ awk -viface="eth0" -vip="$ip" -vmac="$mac" '/^[ \t]*#/||NF==0{print;next}/^[ \t]*iface/{seg=$2==iface?1:0}seg{if(/address/){$1="\t"$1;$2=ip};if(/pre-up/){$1="\t"$1;$NF=mac}}1' FILE > new

$ diff FILE new
59,60c59,60
<       pre-up ifconfig eth0 hw ether 84:7E:40:EF6:C6
<       address 192.168.2.88
---
>       pre-up ifconfig eth0 hw ether 01:01:01:01:01:01
>       address 192.168.1.1

作者: zl624867243 时间: 2015-03-10 22:40
同意jason的观点

作者: jgrlj322 时间: 2015-04-13 10:01
is master

作者: taoyantu 时间: 2015-04-13 13:05
本帖最后由 taoyantu 于 2015-04-13 13:08 编辑

回复 8# jason680

老师，您好，能帮忙解释一下/^[ \t]*iface/{seg=$2==iface?1:0}seg{if(/address/){$1="\t"$1;$2=ip};if(/pre-up/){$1="\t"$1;$NF=mac}} 这句吗？

我理解/^[ \t]*iface/ 是匹配到 iface eth0 inet static 这行
后续的操作 {seg=$2==iface?1:0}怎么理解？ $2,赋值给seg,和iface做一下比对？这里的iface已经被替换成eth0了吧？如果匹配则是1，不匹配是0，没太明白用意。。
后面的seg{if(/address/){$1="\t"$1;$2=ip};if(/pre-up/){$1="\t"$1;$NF=mac}} 为什么前面要有seg呢？也没太明白。。
请您帮忙解答一下好吗。谢谢了。

作者: jason680 时间: 2015-04-13 13:37
本帖最后由 jason680 于 2015-04-13 13:38 编辑

回复 11# taoyantu

>> 我理解/^[ \t]*iface/ 是匹配到 iface eth0 inet static 这行

/^[ \t]*iface/ it matched each "iface ..." lines, as below:

iface wlan0 inet dhcp
      ...
iface eth0 inet static             <== seg=1
      pre-up ifconfig eth0 hw ether 84:7E:40:EF6:C6
      address 192.168.2.88 <== seg=1

iface eth1 inet static             <== seg=0
      address 192.168.1.89 <== seg=0
      ...
iface ...

>>后续的操作 {seg=$2==iface?1:0}怎么理解？ ...
they are the same
seg=$2==iface?1:0
seg=($2==iface)?1:0
if($2==iface)seg=1;else seg=0
note: we assign iface variable to be "eth0"
we just want to change data in eth0 block/segment

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