RedHat Linux9下用bootsplash制作全图形启动界面 - Chinaunix

在red hat linux 9中使用BootSplash
Linux的各种发行版在启动时基本上都有两种模式：silent mode和verbose mode。verbose模式下会打印极为详尽的启动信息，比如挂载文件系统，加载光驱，激活网络服务等等，而silent模式则屏蔽掉这些信息。bootsplash工具可以将一张图片放在silent模式下的虚拟控制台上，从而使Linux用户看到一个全画面的启动过程。另外一个工具是gensplash，比bootsplash要稍微复杂一些，不过功能更为强大，设计也更为合理——它将一些非必要的元素从kernel space挪出来，放在user space来做。
网络上关于bootsplash（启动动画）的使用基本上是基于Linux的SuSe发行版进行讨论的——开发这组工具的作者说他们的工作平台是SuSe。gensplash则是基于Linux的Gentoo发行版进行讨论的。当然这些两组工具都可以通过适当的改动应用于Linux的其它发行版。
由于我的工作平台是red hat linux，此篇文章就讨论怎样在RH linux下使用bootsplash。下面先给出相关的一些网站：
http://www.bootsplash.org （官方网站，基本使用及相关原理）
http://www.bootsplash.com （详尽的使用方法，基于SuSe发行版）
http://www.bootsplash.de （bootsplash的爱好者组织的网站，资料齐全）
http://www.kernel.org （Linux内核下载）
本文严重参考http://www.linuxhall.org/modules.php?name=News&file=article&sid=201，哈哈，特此说明。
现在我们进入正题。
http://www.bootsplash.org网站上说，bootsplash的内核补丁针对2.4.18--2.4.22和2.6.0-test9，这个消息很旧了，可以到http://www.bootsplash.de站点查看bootsplash所提供的各个版本的内核补丁，然后确定你所用的Linux内核版本，选择一个补丁下载。
我的内核是2.4.20-8，下载补丁bootsplash-3.0.7-2.4.20.vanilla.diff。补丁中的3.0.7是bootsplash工具的版本号，我们下载bootsplash-3.0.7.tar.bz2，再下载所要用的主题Theme-NewLinux.tar.bz2，关于材料的准备就完成了。这些都可以在上面的提及的网站上找到。如果你的内核没有相应补丁，那么可以选择一个版本的内核源代码，打上补丁后，编译一个新的内核。
如果没有编译过内核，可以到网上查找相关资料，对照着练习一下。当然，我们需要root的权限。
第一步>; 修改/usr/include目录下的三个符号链接:asm,scsi,linux（mv asm asm.bak,mv scsi scsi.bak,mv linux linux.bak），如果没有，则要新建。在编译内核时，用到这些链接所指向的一些头文件。我在/usr/src目录下建了一个名为linux的链接指向同一层的内核源代码目录linux-2.4.20-8（这样以后再编译不同版本内核时，只需修改/usr/src目录下的linux符号链接就可以了）。（命令ln -s linux-2.4.20-8 linux），然后进入/usr/include目录，分别执行ln -s /usr/src/linux/include/asm-i386 asm；ln -s /usr/src/linux/include/linux linux；ln -s /usr/src/linux/include/scsi scsi。
第二步>; 打补丁，假设补丁在/usr/src/linux目录下（不在的话加上路径即可）。patch -p1<bootsplash-3.0.7-2.4.20.vanilla.diff
第三步>; 设定核心：make menuconfig。确定下列选项被编译进内核而不是被编译成模块。
对于2.4.x内核：
Code maturity level options --->;
[*] Prompt for development and/or incomplete code/drivers
Processor type and features --->;
[*] MTRR (Memory Type Range Register) support
Block Devices ->;
[*] Loopback device support
[*] RAM disk support
(4096) Default RAM disk size
[*] Initial RAM disk (initrd) support
Console Drivers ->;
[*] VGA text console
[*] Video mode selection support
Console Drivers ->; Frame-buffer support ->;
[*] Support for frame buffer devices
[*] VESA VGA graphics console
[*] Use splash screen instead of boot logo
对于2.6.x内核：
Code maturity level options --->;
[*] Prompt for development and/or incomplete code/drivers
Processor type and features --->;
[*] MTRR (Memory Type Range Register) support
Device Drivers --->;
Block devices --->;
<*>; Loopback device support
<*>; RAM disk support
(4096) Default RAM disk size
[*] Initial RAM disk (initrd) support
Graphics support --->;
[*] Support for frame buffer devices
[*] VESA VGA graphics support
Console display driver support --->;
[*] Video mode selection support
<*>; Framebuffer Console support
Bootsplash configuration --->;
[*] Bootup splash screen
第四步>;
a>; make mkproper 清除旧的设定
b>; make dep 产生依赖
c>; make bzImage 编译内核
d>; make modules modules_install 编译模块
e>; cp /usr/src/linux/arch/i386/boot/bzImage /boot/bzImage-2.4.20
第五步>; 安装bootsplash的工具软件和主题图片
# tar jxvf /patch/bootsplash-3.0.7.tar.bz2
# tar jxvf /patch/Theme-NewLinux.tar.bz2
# cd bootsplash-3.0.7/Utilities
# make all
# cp fbmngplay fbresolution fbtruetype splash /sbin
# cd ../../
下面这几步必须要做，不然在用splash命令时就会出现类似下面的错误:splash:/etc/bootsplash/themes/Linux/images/silent-800x600.jpg不存在。这个其实是由于主题的配置文件中做了绝对路径设定。
# mkdir /etc/bootsplash
# mkdir /etc/bootsplash/themes
# cp -a NewLinux /etc/bootsplash/themes/
我们来看一个完整的主题配置文件，以800x600分辨率为例，文件名为bootsplash-800x600.cfg，可以用vi进行编辑，####开头的为笔者加的注释。

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# This is the configuration file for the 800x600 bootsplash picture.
#
# This file is necessary to specify the coordinates of the text box on
# the splash screen.
#
# Comments are welcome by oliver@dediziert.org
# config file version
version=3
# should the picture be displayed?
state=1
# fgcolor is the text forground color.
# bgcolor is the text background (i.e. transparent) color.
fgcolor=7
bgcolor=0
# (tx, ty) are the (x, y) coordinates of the text window in pixels.
# tw/th is the width/height of the text window in pixels.
tx=0
ty=0
tw=800
th=600
####predefine area for the text info
text_x=260
text_y=545
text_size=20
text_color=0xeef4ff
####
# name of the picture file (full path recommended)
jpeg=/etc/bootsplash/themes/NewLinux/images/bootsplash-800x600.jpg
silentjpeg=/etc/bootsplash/themes/NewLinux/images/silent-800x600.jpg
progress_enable=1
# background
box silent noover 160 520 642 538 #00000050
box silent inter 160 520 160 537 #b77200 #b77200 #f2b700 #f2b700
box silent 160 520 642 538 #b77200 #b77200 #f2b700 #f2b700
# black border
box silent 160 520 642 520 #b5b5b5
box silent 160 538 642 538 #b5b5b5
box silent 160 520 160 538 #b5b5b5
box silent 642 520 642 538 #b5b5b5
overpaintok=1

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第六步>; 将图片与 init Ram Disk 绑定
splash -s -f /etc/bootsplash/themes/Linux/config/bootsplash-800x600.cfg >; /boot/initrd-splash.img
对于ide硬盘，我们可以直接用splash工具生成initrd*.img文件，这个文件对ide硬盘来说没什么用，我们在这里只是通过它来使用启动画面。
如果你只想看到一副静态的画面，跳过第七步，看第八步，不用修改脚本文件。
第七步>; 将脚本splash.sh拷入/etc/rc.d/下，并修改splash.sh和rc，建议在修改rc脚本文件前进行备份(cp rc rc.bak)
# cp bootsplash-3.0.7/Scripts/splash.sh /etc/rc.d
下面来看完整的splash.sh脚本文件，要想这个脚本起作用，必须修改rc脚本，通过rc脚本调用splash.sh脚本，需要赋予splash.sh脚本可执行权限。需要一些shell script的知识。网上很多，google吧。
我现在的/etc/rc.d/splash.sh脚本，删除了原来放在这个脚本中的绘制进度条部分(调试不成功)和播放动画部分(还没有实验)，以及不适用于red hat linux的一些命令。这个脚本现在只打印类似“booting the system"和"shutting down the system"的信息和实现关机时的silent mode。
#!/bin/bash
#
# splash.sh - This shell script triggers bootsplash actions during
# system boot/shutdown. It can be run by the init scripts repeatedly
# specifying the currently executed system script.
#
#rewrite this script at the base of offered by http://www.bootsplash.org
#line with ### added by me
_procsplash="`cat /proc/splash 2>;/dev/null`"
###give the variable "THEME" the name of the directory which the current
###silent mode picture stored
THEME="NewLinux"
test ! -d "/etc/bootsplash/themes/$THEME" && exit 0
# assertions
test -r /proc/splash || exit 0
test -z "`echo $_procsplash|grep on`" && exit 0
####"Yast" is a utilies for SuSE Linux,no for RedHat Linux
####maybe we can erase it
test "$1" == "bootnetwork stop" -o "$1" == "YaST" && exit 0 # no progress
# We chose verbose in grub
test "`cat /proc/cmdline |grep \"splash=silent\"`" == "" && exit 0
if [ "$PREVLEVEL" == "3" -o "$PREVLEVEL" == "5" ]; then
###no below ,no silent mode when shutting down
if [ "$RUNLEVEL" = "3" -o "$RUNLEVEL" == "5" ]; then
exit 0
fi
### but why ?
fi
# acquire data
#
_shutdown="no"
_silent="no"
test "`cat /proc/splash |grep silent`" && _silent="yes"
test "$RUNLEVEL" == "6" -o "$RUNLEVEL" == "0" && _shutdown="yes"
test -f "/etc/bootsplash/themes/$THEME/config/bootsplash-`fbresolution`.cfg" && \
. /etc/bootsplash/themes/$THEME/config/bootsplash-`fbresolution`.cfg
#
# Print text string. (Booting/Shutting down the system. Press
# F2 for verbose mode)
#
###switch to slient mode when shutdown or reboot the system
test "$_shutdown" == "yes" && ( echo "silent" >;/proc/splash; chvt 1)
###print infomation at the area predifined by config file "bootsplash-800x600.cfg"
_boot="Booting"; test "$_shutdown" == "yes" && _boot="Shutting down"
###is the area for infomation defined? yes ,print info, no,run on
if [ "$text_x" != "" -a "$text_y" != "" \
-a "$text_color" != "" -a "$text_size" != "" -a "$_silent" == "yes" ];
then
fbtruetype -x $text_x -y $text_y -t $text_color -s $text_size \
"$_boot the system ..."
fi

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#! /bin/bash
#
# rc This file is responsible for starting/stopping
# services when the runlevel changes.
#
# Original Author:
# Miquel van Smoorenburg, <miquels@drinkel.nl.mugnet.org>;
#
# check a file to be a correct runlevel script
###########################Bootsplash start##############
####function progressbar
function progressbar ()
{
_progress=$1
_num=$num
echo show "$(( 65534*($_progress + 1)/$_num ))">;/proc/splash 2>;/dev/null
}
####end fuction
##########################Bootsplash End###############
check_runlevel ()
{
# Check if the file exists at all.
[ -x "$1" ] || return 1
# Reject backup files and files generated by rpm.
case "$1" in
*.rpmsave|*.rpmorig|*.rpmnew|*~|*.orig)
return 1
;;
esac
return 0
}
# Now find out what the current and what the previous runlevel are.
argv1="$1"
set `/sbin/runlevel`
runlevel=$2
previous=$1
export runlevel previous
. /etc/init.d/functions
# See if we want to be in user confirmation mode
if [ "$previous" = "N" ]; then
if [ -f /var/run/confirm ] \
|| grep -i confirm /proc/cmdline >;/dev/null; then
rm -f /var/run/confirm
CONFIRM=yes
export CONFIRM
echo $"Entering interactive startup"
else
echo $"Entering non-interactive startup"
fi
fi
# Get first argument. Set new runlevel to this argument.
[ -n "$argv1" ] && runlevel="$argv1"
####################Bootsplash start###############
progress=0
num=0
###count the services for progressbar
for countservices in /etc/rc$runlevel.d/*;do
num=$(( $num + 1 ))
done
###################Bootsplash End##################
# Is there an rc directory for this new runlevel?
[ -d /etc/rc$runlevel.d ] || exit 0
# First, run the KILL scripts.
for i in /etc/rc$runlevel.d/K*; do
###################Bootsplash start#################
progress=$(( $progress + 1 ))
/etc/rc.d/splash.sh 2>;/dev/null
progressbar $progress
##################Bootsplash End####################
check_runlevel "$i" || continue
# Check if the subsystem is already up.
subsys=${i#/etc/rc$runlevel.d/K??}
[ -f /var/lock/subsys/$subsys -o -f /var/lock/subsys/$subsys.init ] \
|| continue
# Bring the subsystem down.
if egrep -q "(killproc |action )" $i; then
$i stop
else
action $"Stopping $subsys: " $i stop
fi
done
# Now run the START scripts.
for i in /etc/rc$runlevel.d/S*; do
###################Bootsplash start#################
progress=$(( $progress + 1 ))
/etc/rc.d/splash.sh 2>;/dev/null
progressbar $progress
##################Bootsplash End####################
check_runlevel "$i" || continue
# Check if the subsystem is already up.
subsys=${i#/etc/rc$runlevel.d/S??}
[ -f /var/lock/subsys/$subsys -o -f /var/lock/subsys/$subsys.init ] \
&& continue
# If we're in confirmation mode, get user confirmation
if [ -n "$CONFIRM" ]; then
confirm $subsys
case $? in
0) :;;
2) CONFIRM=;;
*) continue;;
esac
fi
# Bring the subsystem up.
if [ "$subsys" = "halt" -o "$subsys" = "reboot" ]; then
export LC_ALL=C
exec $i start
fi
if egrep -q "(daemon |action |success |failure )" $i 2>;/dev/null \
|| [ "$subsys" = "single" -o "$subsys" = "local" ]; then
$i start
else
action $"Starting $subsys: " $i start
fi
done

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第八步>; 修改(bootloader) grub(或者lilo)。我用的是grub，硬盘是ide的。只列出需要修改的部分。我的硬盘分区swap,boot,/。
title Red Hat Linux (2.4.20+bootsplash)
root (hd0,0)
kernel /bzImage-2.4.20 ro root=/dev/hda3 vga=788 splash=silent
initrd /initrd-splash.img
title Red Hat Linux (2.4.23)
root (hd0,0)
kernel /vmlinuz-2.4.20-8 ro root=LABEL=/
initrd /initrd-2.4.20-8.img
788为800x600模式，791为1024x768模式。这里的模式选择要与图片的大小一致。
到这里就可以重新启动了。呵呵，大功告成。赶紧实验一下，享受自己的全画面Linux启动吧。
********遇到的问题*******
启动不了内核
1/ 提示Kernel panic: VFS: Unable to mount root fs on 00:00
这个大概是因为没有指定根分区，确定你的根分区编号，修改root=LABEL=/为root=/hda* 或者root=/sda*
2/ error 15:can't find file
这个应该是initrd*.img文件找不到，确认grub.conf中指定的文件在/boot目录下。
***********说明********

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