菜鸟问答(1) - 高手请进

pppppp

刚接触freeBSD 4.7,很是喜欢.实践中有些疑问,请赐答:

1 当使用 pors 安装软件包后,为什么我只有重启动后才能
在命令行输入命令,并生效? 例如 hping

2 我如何知道我现在使用的软件,例如 hping 的版本号? 有没有方便的命令可直接查到(不是看MAKEFILE文本内容这样的)? 比如 xxx hping

3 安装了老版本的软件包,再安装新版本包,是覆盖了老的还是两个都在跑?

4 安装 firewalk 5.0,在 ./configure 时总是提示 "error libdnet?.....".我安装随盘带的 libdnet 1.4 和网上下载 libdnet 1.5都提示同样错误,怎么解决?
顺带问下,libdnet 是什么东东?

谢谢..................................................

提问或回答

1、用freebsd的时候，不应该经常考虑重新启动的问题。因为它是设计成永不停机的结构的，所以一般安装什么程序都可以立刻生效，而不需要重新启动计算机。如果新安装了一个ports，而直接输入命令不能运行的话，可能是因为环境变量还没有来得及更改过来，你可以直接输入路径、程序名来运行。或者可以退出，重新登录，再试试。

2、可以用pkg_info来看当前所有的版本号。

3、这个我没有遇到过，听说不同的程序，处理的方法不一样。

4、我不会。

hdcola

1 当使用 pors 安装软件包后,为什么我只有重启动后才能
在命令行输入命令,并生效? 例如 hping
自己看看hping中的的相关说明，可能是ldconfig没有生效罢。在port的make install中最后的说明再回头看看。我在ports中装东东还没重启过机器呢。


2 我如何知道我现在使用的软件,例如 hping 的版本号? 有没有方便的命令可直接查到(不是看MAKEFILE文本内容这样的)? 比如 xxx hping
pkg_info | grep hping 试试？

3 安装了老版本的软件包,再安装新版本包,是覆盖了老的还是两个都在跑?
在4.x中有一个pkg_upxxx的命令可以将tgz的已经make好的package进行升级。在5.x中需要自己来make这个pkg_upxxx的软件。

4 安装 firewalk 5.0,在 ./configure 时总是提示 "error libdnet?.....".我安装随盘带的 libdnet 1.4 和网上下载 libdnet 1.5都提示同样错误,怎么解决?
顺带问下,libdnet 是什么东东?
把详细的错误信息给出一下？

pppppp

1 有机会再试吧

2 我下载的hping2.0.0-rc2.tar.gz已经能用,pkg_info 完全看不到.
我是这么安装的,下载到/tmp目录,tar zxf 解压,到hping2目录下 ./configure,
然后 make install,重启动

3 以后试下

4 错误提示如下:
configure : error : No libdnet? http://libdnet.sourceforge.net
然后退出.


再次请教
谢..........

hdcola

1.我已经试了，没有问题呀
hd@/sys/i386/conf$hping
hping2: missing host argument
Try `hping2 --help' for more information.
hd@/sys/i386/conf$hping --help
usage: hping host [options]
  -h  --help      show this help
  -v  --version   show version
  -c  --count     packet count
  -i  --interval  wait (uX for X microseconds, for example -i u1000)
      --fast      alias for -i u10000 (10 packets for second)
  -n  --numeric   numeric output
  -q  --quiet     quiet
  -I  --interface interface name (otherwise default routing interface)
  -V  --verbose   verbose mode
  -D  --debug     debugging info
  -z  --bind      bind ctrl+z to ttl           (default to dst port)
  -Z  --unbind    unbind ctrl+z
Mode
  default mode     TCP
  -0  --rawip      RAW IP mode
  -1  --icmp       ICMP mode
  -2  --udp        UDP mode
  -9  --listen     listen mode
IP
  -a  --spoof      spoof source address
  --rand-dest      random destionation address mode. see the man.
  --rand-source    random source address mode. see the man.
  -t  --ttl        ttl (default 64)
  -N  --id         id (default random)
  -W  --winid      use win* id byte ordering
  -r  --rel        relativize id field          (to estimate host traffic)
  -f  --frag       split packets in more frag.  (may pass weak acl)
  -x  --morefrag   set more fragments flag
  -y  --dontfrag   set dont fragment flag
  -g  --fragoff    set the fragment offset
  -m  --mtu        set virtual mtu, implies --frag if packet size >; mtu
  -o  --tos        type of service (default 0x00), try --tos help
  -G  --rroute     includes RECORD_ROUTE option and display the route buffer
  --lsrr           loose source routing and record route
  --ssrr           strict source routing and record route
  -H  --ipproto    set the IP protocol field, only in RAW IP mode
ICMP
  -C  --icmptype   icmp type (default echo request)
  -K  --icmpcode   icmp code (default 0)
      --icmp-ts    Alias for --icmp --icmptype 13 (ICMP timestamp)
      --icmp-addr  Alias for --icmp --icmptype 17 (ICMP address subnet mask)
      --icmp-help  display help for others icmp options
UDP/TCP
  -s  --baseport   base source port             (default random)
  -p  --destport   [+][+]<port>; destination port(default 0) ctrl+z inc/dec
  -k  --keep       keep still source port
  -w  --win        winsize (default 64)
  -O  --tcpoff     set fake tcp data offset     (instead of tcphdrlen / 4)
  -Q  --seqnum     shows only tcp sequence number
  -b  --badcksum   (try to) send packets with a bad IP checksum
                   many systems will fix the IP checksum sending the packet
                   so you'll get bad UDP/TCP checksum instead.
  -M  --setseq     set TCP sequence number
  -L  --setack     set TCP ack
  -F  --fin        set FIN flag
  -S  --syn        set SYN flag
  -R  --rst        set RST flag
  -P  --push       set PUSH flag
  -A  --ack        set ACK flag
  -U  --urg        set URG flag
  -X  --xmas       set X unused flag (0x40)
  -Y  --ymas       set Y unused flag (0x80)
  --tcpexitcode    use last tcp->;th_flags as exit code
  --tcp-timestamp  enable the TCP timestamp option to guess the HZ/uptime
Common
  -d  --data       data size                    (default is 0)
  -E  --file       data from file
  -e  --sign       add 'signature'
  -j  --dump       dump packets in hex
  -J  --print      dump printable characters
  -B  --safe       enable 'safe' protocol
  -u  --end        tell you when --file reached EOF and prevent rewind
  -T  --traceroute traceroute mode              (implies --bind and --ttl 1)
  --tr-stop        Exit when receive the first not ICMP in traceroute mode
  --tr-keep-ttl    Keep the source TTL fixed, useful to monitor just one hop
  --tr-no-rtt       Don't calculate/show RTT information in traceroute mode

hdcola

这是我的pkg_info
hd@/sys/i386/conf$pkg_info
bash-2.05b.004      The GNU Bourne Again Shell
expat-1.95.5        XML 1.0 parser written in C
gettext-0.11.5_1    GNU gettext package
gmake-3.80          GNU version of 'make' utility
gnuls-4.0_1         GNU colorized `ls'
hping-2.0.0r2_2,1   Network auditing tool
__________________________________________
libgnugetopt-1.2    GNU getopt library
libiconv-1.8_2      A character set conversion library
lynx-2.8.4.1c       A non-graphical, text-based World-Wide Web client
orion-1.5.4_5       Orion Application Server
p5-Authen-PAM-0.13  A Perl interface to the PAM library
p5-Net-SSLeay-1.17  Perl5 interface to SSL
perl-5.6.1_11       Practical Extraction and Report Language
postgresql-7.3.1    The most advanced open-source database available anywhere
py22-freebsd-0.2    Python interface to FreeBSD-specific system libraries
python-2.2.2_2      An interpreted object-oriented programming language
ruby-1.6.8          An object-oriented interpreted scripting language
ruby-shim-ruby18-1.8.0.p1 A set of Ruby modules to provide Ruby 1.8 functionalities
unzip-5.50          List, test and extract compressed files in a ZIP archive
hp      webmin-1.030_4      Web-based interface for system administration for Unix
zh-pycodec-1.2.0    Python Unicode codecs for Chinese charsets

hdcola

3.在5.0下具体的就是
/usr/ports/sysutils/portupgrade/ 了
4.7我现在系统没有，你自己试试了，pkg_打打table看看

hdcola

4 错误提示如下:
configure : error : No libdnet? http://libdnet.sourceforge.net
然后退出.

这说明没有连上网，sourceforge的虚似服务器的IP被点心封了
这几个地址你下下来，放到/usr/ports/distfiles中再make试试
http://us.dl.sourceforge.net/libdnet/libdnet-1.5.tar.gz
http://eu.dl.sourceforge.net/libdnet/libdnet-1.5.tar.gz
ftp://us.dl.sourceforge.net/pub/sourceforge/libdnet/libdnet-1.5.tar.gz
BTW：你的fbsd版本多少？我可是5.0

pppppp

satan# hping
hping2: missing host argument
Try `hping2 --help' for more information.


satan# pkg_info|grep hping


satan# pkg_info
Hermes-1.3.2        Fast pixel formats conversion library
Mesa-3.4.2_2        A graphics library similar to SGI's OpenGL
ORBit-0.5.17        High-performance CORBA ORB with support for the C language
XFree86-4.2.0_1,1   X11/XFree86 core distribution (complete, using mini/meta-po
XFree86-FontServer-4.2.0 XFree86-4 Font Server
XFree86-Server-4.2.1_3 XFree86-4 X server and related programs
XFree86-clients-4.2.1_1 XFree86-4 Client environments
XFree86-documents-4.2.0 XFree86-4 Document Files
XFree86-font100dpi-4.2.0 XFree86-4 bitmap 100 dpi fonts
XFree86-font75dpi-4.2.0 XFree86-4 bitmap 75 dpi fonts
XFree86-fontCyrillic-4.2.0_4 XFree86-4 Cyrillic Fonts
XFree86-fontDefaultBitmaps-4.2.0 XFree86-4 default bitmap fonts
XFree86-fontEncodings-4.2.0 XFree86-4 font encoding files
XFree86-fontScalable-4.2.0 XFree86-4 Scalable font files
XFree86-libraries-4.2.1_1 XFree86-4 include/(shared) library kit
arts-1.0.3,1        Audio system for the KDE integrated X11 desktop
aspell-0.50.1_2     Spelling checker with better suggestion logic than ispell
autoconf213-2.13.000227_2 Automatically configure source code on many Un*x platforms
bonobo-1.0.20_2     The component and compound document system for GNOME
bugbuddy-2.0.8_1    A bug reporting tool for GNOME
cups-base-1.1.15.1_4 The Common UNIX Printing System
db3-3.3.11,1        The Berkeley DB package, revision 3
docbook-xml-4.1.2_1 XML version of the DocBook DTD
docbook-xsl-1.51.1  XSL DocBook stylesheets
eel-1.0.2_1         Generally useful classes and extensions to GNOME
esound-0.2.29       A sound library for enlightenment package
expat-1.95.5        XML 1.0 parser written in C
freetype2-2.1.2     A free and portable TrueType font rendering engine
fvwm-2.4.9          Popular virtual window manager for X
gal-0.19.3          A collection of widgets taken from GNOME gnumeric and evolu
gconf-1.0.9_2       A configuration database system for GNOME
gdbm-1.8.0          The GNU database manager
gdk-pixbuf-0.18.0   A graphic library for GTK+
gdm-2.2.5.5_1       GNOME version of xdm display manager
gettext-0.11.5_1    GNU gettext package
ggv-1.0.2_1         GNOME ghostscript viewer
ghex-1.2.1          GNOME hex editor
ghostscript-gnu-7.05_3 GNU Postscript interpreter
glade-0.6.4         A user interface builder for GTK+/GNOME
gle-3.0.3           A GL Tubing and Extrusion Library
glib-1.2.10_7       Some useful routines of C programming (previous stable vers
glibwww-0.2_1       A library for people wanting to use libwww with gtk/gnome
gmake-3.79.1_3      GNU version of 'make' utility
gnome-1.4.1b2_2     The "meta-port" for the GNOME integrated X11 desktop
gnomeapplets-1.4.0.5_1 Applets components for the Gnome Desktop Environment
gnomeaudio-1.4.0    Sound files for use with GNOME
gnomecanvas-0.18.0  A graphics library for GNOME
gnomecontrolcenter-1.4.0.5_1 Control center for GNOME project
gnomecore-1.4.2     Core component for the Gnome Desktop Environment
gnomedb-0.2.96_1    Provide uniform access to data sources for the GNOME enviro
gnomegames-1.4.0.4  The game applications package for the Gnome Desktop Environ
gnomehier-1.0_3     An utility port, installing hierarchy of common GNOME direc
gnomelibs-1.4.2_1   Libraries for GNOME, a GNU desktop environment
gnomemedia-1.2.3_1  Multimedia applications for the GNOME desktop
gnomemimedata-2.0.1_1 A MIME and Application database for GNOME
gnomemm-1.2.2       A powerful C++ binding for the GNOME libraries
gnomepilot-0.1.65_1 3Com PalmPilot conduit system for GNOME
gnomepilot-conduits-0.9 Additional conduits for gnome-pilot
gnomepim-1.4.8      Gnome pim package
gnomeprint-0.37     Gnome print support library
gnomeuserdocs-1.4.1.1 GNOME users guide
gnomeutils-1.4.1.2_1 GNOME support utilities
gnomevfs-1.0.5_4    GNOME Virtual File System
gtk-1.2.10_8        Gimp Toolkit for X11 GUI (previous stable version)
gtk-engines-0.12_2  Theme engine for gtk+ toolkits
gtkglarea-1.2.2     An OpenGL widget for the GTK+ GUI toolkit
gtkhtml-1.0.4_1     Lightweight HTML rendering/printing/editing engine
gtkmm-1.2.8_1       C++ wrapper for gtk, a x11 graphics library
gtop-1.0.13_1       GNOME system moniter program
guile-1.4.1_2       GNU's Ubiquitous Intelligent Language for Extension
guile-gnome-0.20_4  Guile binding library for GNOME
guile-gtk-0.20_1    Guile binding library for GTK+
httptunnel-3.3      Tunnel a tcp/ip connection through a http/tcp/ip connection
imake-4.2.0_1       Imake and other utilities from XFree86
imlib-1.9.14_1      A graphic library for enlightenment package
intltool-0.22       Xml internationalization support for GNOME, and others
jpeg-6b_1           IJG's jpeg compression utilities
kde-3.0.3           The "meta-port" for KDE
kdebase-3.0.3       Base modules for the KDE integrated X11 desktop
kdegames-3.0.3      Games for the KDE integrated X11 desktop
kdegraphics-3.0.3   Graphics utilities for the KDE3 integrated X11 desktop
kdelibs-3.0.3a      Libraries for KDE
kdemultimedia-3.0.3 Multimedia utilities for the KDE integrated X11 desktop
kdenetwork-3.0.3    Network modules for KDE3
kdeutils-3.0.3_1    Utilities for the KDE integrated X11 desktop
koffice-1.2,1       Office Suite for KDE3
lcms-1.08           Light Color Management System -- a color management library
libart_lgpl2-2.3.10 Library for high-performance 2D graphics
libaudiofile-0.2.3  A sound library for SGI audio file
libcapplet-1.4.0.5  A library for writing custom applets for GNOME Control Cent
libgda-0.2.96_1     Provides uniform access to different kinds of data sources
libghttp-1.0.9      GNOME http client library
libglade-0.17_2     GNOME glade library
libgnugetopt-1.2    GNU getopt library
libgtop-1.0.13_1    GNOME top library
libiconv-1.8_1      A character set conversion library
libmng-1.0.3        Multiple-image Network Graphics (MNG) reference library
libnet-1.0.2a       A C library for creating IP packets
libogg-1.0,3        Ogg bitstream library
libpanel-1.4.2      A library for writing custom applets for GNOME Panel
librep-0.16.1_1     An Emacs Lisp like runtime library
librsvg-1.0.3_1     Library for parsing and rendering SVG vector-graphic files
libsigc++-1.0.4     Callback Framework for C++
libtool-1.3.4_4     Generic shared library support script
libungif-4.1.0b1    Tools and library routines for working with GIF images
libunicode-0.4_3    A library for manipulating Unicode characters and strings
libvorbis-1.0,3     Audio compression codec library
libwww-5.4.0        The W3C Reference Library
libxml-1.8.17_1     Xml parser library for GNOME
libxml2-2.4.24      Xml parser library for GNOME
libxslt-1.0.20      The XSLT C library for GNOME
linux_base-7.1_1    The base set of packages needed in Linux mode
m4-1.4_1            GNU's m4
medusa-0.5.1        GNOME filesystem indexer
mkcatalog-1.1       A maintainance utility for sgml catalog files
nautilus-1.0.6_9    GNOME file manager and graphical shell developed by Eazel
oaf-0.6.10          Object Activation Framework for GNOME
panelmm-0.3.1       A powerful C++ binding for the GNOME panel libraries
pcre-3.9            Perl Compatible Regular Expressions library
pilot-link-0.11.4   PalmPilot communications utilities (backup/restore/install/
pkgconfig-0.12.0    An utility used to retrieve information about installed lib
png-1.2.4           Library for manipulating PNG images
popt-1.6.4          A getopt(3) like library with a number of enhancements, fro
py-gnome-1.4.4      A set of Python bindings for GNOME
py-gtk-0.6.10       A set of Python bindings for GTK
py22-numeric-21.0   The Numeric Extension to Python
python-2.2.1        An interpreted object-oriented programming language
qt-3.0.5_3          A C++ X GUI toolkit
rep-gtk-gnome-0.15_1 GTK+ binding for rep Lisp interpreter
sawfish-gnome-1.1   Lisp configurable window manager
scrollkeeper-0.3.11_2,1 An Open Document Cataloging Project
sdocbook-xml-4.1.2.5 "Simplified" DocBook XML DTD
sing-1.1            Tool for sending customized ICMP packets
sox-12.17.3_1       SOund eXchange - universal sound sample translator
tcl-8.3.4_4         Tool Command Language
tiff-3.5.7          Tools and library routines for working with TIFF images
tk-8.3.4_3          Graphical toolkit for TCL
windowmaker-0.80.1  GNUStep-compliant NeXTStep window manager clone
wmicons-1.0         Icons mainly for use in Window Maker
wrapper-1.0_2       Wrapper for XFree86-4 server
xalf-0.12_1         X11 Application Launch Feedback
xanim-2.80.2        Play most popular animation formats and show pictures
xscreensaver-gnome-4.05_2 Save your screen while you entertain your cat (for GNOME us

why?

hdcola

呵呵，你的hping已经装上了，可是你的pkgdb中没注册。