RH033 Unit2 Linux Usage Basics

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                Objectives  Upon completion of this unit, you should be able to:  1) Log into a Red Hat Enterprise Linux system  2) Start X from a console  3) Access the command line from X  4) Change your password  5) Understand the nature of root privileges  6) Elevate your privileges  7) Edit plain text files  Logging into a Linux System  1) Two types of login screen: virtual console (text-based) and graphical logins (called display managers)  2) Login using login name and password  3) Each user has a home directory for personal file storage  Switching between virtual consoles and the graphical environment  1) A typical Linux system will run six virtual consoles and .e graphical console   - Server systems often have .ly virtual consoles   - Desktop and workstation typically have both  2) Switch among virtual consoles by typing: Ctrl+Alt+F[1-6]  3) Access the graphical console by typing: Ctrl+Alt+F7  Element of the X Window System  1) The X Windows System is Linux’s graphical subsystem  2) Xorg is the particular version of the X Window System used by Red Hat   - Open source implementation of X  3) Look and behavior largely controlled by the desktop environment  4) Tow desktop environments provided by Red Hat:   - GNOME: the default desktop environment   - KDE: an alternate desktop environment  Starting the X server  1) . some systems, the X server starts automatically at boot time  2) Otherwise, if systems come up in virtual console, users must start the X server maually   - The X server must be pre-configured by the system administrator   - Log into a virtual console and run startx   - The X server appears . Ctrl+Alt+F7  Changing your password  1) Passwords control access the system   - Change the password the first time you log in   - Change it regularly thereafter   - Select a password that is hard to guess  2) To change your password using GNOME, navigate to System->Preference->About Me and then click password  3) To change your password from a terminal: passwd  The root user  1) The root user: a special administrative account   - Also called the superuser   - root has near complete control over the system (… and a nearly unlimited capacity to damage it!)  2) Do not login as root unless necessary   - Normal (unprivileged) users’ potential to do damage is more limited  Changing Identities  1) su – creates new shell as root  2) sudo command runs command as root   - Requires prior configuration by a system-administrator  3) id shows information . the current user  Editing text files  1) The nano editor   - Easy to learn, easy to use   - Not as feature-packed as some advanced editors  2) Other editors:   - gedit, a simple graphical editor   - vim, an advanced, full feature editor   - gvim, a graphical version of the vim editor  End of Unit2  1) Questions and answers  2) Summary   - Login name and password   - startx   - gnome-terminal   - passwd   - su   - nano
               

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