Linux操作系统下配置DNS服务器的方法介绍

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Linux操作系统下配置DNS服务器的方法介绍

有两台邮件服务器分别为192.168.1.1(windows下主机名为b.test.cn）和192.168.1.3（linux下主机名为a.test.com）。

在linux下配置DNS服务器，下面是配置过程中设置过的一些文件，

/etc/hosts 文件的具体内容如下：

# Do not remove the following line, or various programs

# that require network functionality will fail.

127.0.0.1 localhost.localdomain localhost fc4

192.168.1.3 a.test.com a

192.168.1.1 b.test.cn b


/etc/host.conf 文件：

order hosts,bind

表示先用hosts文件做解析，在用DNS解析


/etc/resolv.conf 文件：

; generated by NetworkManager, do not edit!


search test.com

nameserver 127.0.0.1

search test.cn

nameserver 192.168.1.1


nameserver 61.144.56.100


/etc/named.conf 文件：

//

// named.conf for Red Hat caching-nameserver

//


options {

directory \"/var/named\";

dump-file \"/var/named/data/cache_dump.db\";

statistics-file \"/var/named/data/named_stats.txt\";

/*

* If there is a firewall between you and nameservers you want

* to talk to, you might need to uncomment the query-source

* directive below. Previous versions of BIND always asked

* questions using port 53, but BIND 8.1 uses an unprivileged

* port by default.

*/

// query-source address * port 53;

};


//

// a caching only nameserver config

//

controls {

inet 127.0.0.1 allow { localhost; } keys { rndckey; };

};


zone \".\" IN {

type hint;

file \"named.ca\";

};


zone \"test.com\"IN {

type master;

file \"test.com\";

allow-update { none; };

};


zone \"1.168.192.in-addr.arpa\"IN {

type master;

file \"192.168.1.rev\";

allow-update { none; };

};


zone \"test.cn\"IN {

type master;

file \"test.cn\";

allow-update { none; };

};



zone \"0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.ip6.arpa\" IN {

type master;

file \"named.ip6.local\";

allow-update { none; };

};


zone \"255.in-addr.arpa\" IN {

type master;

file \"named.broadcast\";

allow-update { none; };

};


zone \"0.in-addr.arpa\" IN {

type master;

file \"named.zero\";

allow-update { none; };

};


include \"/etc/rndc.key\";


在/var/name/test.com 文件下：

$TTL 86400

@ IN SOA a.test.com. root.a.test.com (

42 ; serial (d. adams)

3H ; refresh

15M ; retry

1W ; expiry

1D ) ; minimum


IN NS a.test.com.

IN MX 10 mail.test.com.

a IN A 192.168.1.3

mail IN A 192.168.1.3

//其中root.a.test.com的含义是管理员的邮箱


/var/name/test.cn 文件下：

$TTL 86400

@ IN SOA b.test.cn. root.a.test.com (

42 ; serial (d. adams)

3H ; refresh

15M ; retry

1W ; expiry

1D ) ; minimum


IN NS b.test.cn.

IN MX 10 mail.test.cn.

b IN A 192.168.1.1

mail IN A 192.168.1.1


/var/name/192.168.1.rev 文件下：

$TTL 86400

@ IN SOA 1.168.192.in-addr.arpa. root.test.com. (

1997022700 ; Serial

28800 ; Refresh

14400 ; Retry

3600000 ; Expire

86400 ) ; Minimum

IN NS a.test.com.

IN NS b.test.cn.

IN MX 10 mail.test.com.

IN MX 10 mail.test.cn.


3 IN PTR a.test.com.

3 IN PTR mail.test.com.

1 IN PTR b.test.cn.

1 IN PTR mail.test.cn.


然后用/etc/init.d/named restart重启DNS服务，在重启过程中，我曾经出现过好几次的错误，按照出错的提示，会提示是named.conf文件第几行出错的。或者提示在那些包含文件例如test.cn这些文件里面的问题，然后一个一个排除。


最后还有一些nslookup的命令比较有用：

set all用于显示使用nslookup工具这台机器上的DNS服务器的一些信息

set type=any会显示完整信息包括域中邮件服务器和主从DNS服务器的名字和IP地址

server 192.168.0.1更换查询的DNS服务器地址