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本帖最后由 myforever 于 2021-11-28 20:09 编辑
申明：此贴乃引用贴
为尊重原作者，特注明出处：随点BBS
本文以mpc8247主板上移植Linux为例，详细讲解了嵌入式Linux Ramdisk文件系统制作过程，
图文并茂，并有排错方法，涉及u-boot和busybox
一、busybox的编译
首先是交叉编译设置，打开busybox根目录下的Makefile，进行修改
一般情况下，为了让busybox能够独立于其他的库文件而可以单独运行，需要将busybox编译成静态的。- #make menuconfig
- Busybox Settings --->
- Build Options --->
- Build BusyBox as a static binary (no shared libs) //静态
- Installation Options --->
- Don't use /usr //make install的时候不会安装到根目录，而是安装到./_install
- Linux System Utilities --->
- mdev //相当于udev
- Support /etc/mdev.conf
- Support command execution at device addition/removal
- Shells --->
- Choose your default shell (msh) //具有ash没有的功能，比如支持tab补齐，历史纪录等等的高级功能
解决办法是打开 applets/applets.c 将其中的错误注释掉
其他的busybox选项根据需要进行选择！这样就在./_install目录下生成了busybox
二、ramdisk文件系统生成
上图中首先创见了一个10M的文件系统映象
然后使用losetup命令将此镜像与块设备/dev/loop0进行挂接
如果出现"ioctl: LOOP_SET_FD:设备或资源忙"，说明/dev/loop0设备还和一文件联系，可用losetup /dev/loop0查看地，并可用-d 删除
上图是用命令mke2fs来格式化此块设备/dev/loop0，其实就是格式化我们刚生成的那个文件系统镜像，ext2格式
上图是挂载文件系统镜像，可见经过刚才格式化之后的文件系统镜像里面只有lost+found这个文件夹
之后可以将步骤一中生成的_install目录下的所有文件拷贝进来即可，
/et/init.d/rcS文件如下修改
其他的系统配置文件可以根据需要进行更改
三、u-boot加载内核和文件系统- => tftp 800000 uImage; tftp a00000 rootfs.img; bootm 800000 a00000
- Using FCC1 ETHERNET device
- TFTP from server 192.168.0.102; our IP address is 192.168.0.20
- Filename 'uImage'.
- Load address: 0x800000
- Loading: #################################################################
- #################################################################
- #################################################################
- #################################################################
- #################################################################
- ###########################################
- done
- Bytes transferred = 1880231 (1cb0a7 hex)
- Using FCC1 ETHERNET device
- TFTP from server 192.168.0.102; our IP address is 192.168.0.20
- Filename 'rootfs.img'.
- Load address: 0xa00000
- Loading: #################################################################
- #################################################################
- #################################################################
- #################################################################
- #################################################################
- #################################################################
- #################################################################
- #################################################################
- #################################################################
- ###################################
- done
- Bytes transferred = 3170368 (306040 hex)
- ## Booting image at 00800000 ...
- Image Name: Linux-2.6.11
- Image Type: PowerPC Linux Kernel Image (gzip compressed)
- Data Size: 1880167 Bytes = 1.8 MB
- Load Address: 00000000
- Entry Point: 00000000
- Verifying Checksum ... OK
- Uncompressing Kernel Image ... OK
- ## cmdline at 0x007FFF00 ... 0x007FFF14
- memstart = 0x00000000
- memsize = 0x08000000
- flashstart = 0xFE000000
- flashsize = 0x01000000
- flashoffset = 0x00033000
- sramstart = 0x00000000
- sramsize = 0x00000000
- immr_base = 0xF0000000
- bootflags = 0x00000001
- vco = 400 MHz
- sccfreq = 100 MHz
- brgfreq = 100 MHz
- intfreq = 400 MHz
- cpmfreq = 200 MHz
- busfreq = 100 MHz
- ethaddr = 00:08:02:06:10:00
- IP addr = 192.168.0.20
- baudrate = 115200 bps
- ## Loading RAMDisk Image at 00a00000 ...
- Image Name:
- Image Type: PowerPC Linux RAMDisk Image (uncompressed)
- Data Size: 3170304 Bytes = 3 MB
- Load Address: 00000000
- Entry Point: 00000000
- Verifying Checksum ... OK
- Loading Ramdisk to 07880000, end 07b86000 ... OK
- Linux version 2.6.11 (root@Embedded001) (gcc version 3.4.3) #1 Fri Sep 26 11:08:35 CST 2008
- Motorola PQ2 ADS PowerPC port
- arch/ppc/syslib/m82xx_pci.c: The PCI bus is 33333333 Mhz.
- Waiting 1 second after deasserting RST...
- Built 1 zonelists
- Kernel command line: console=ttyS0,115200
- PID hash table entries: 1024 (order: 10, 16384 bytes)
- Warning: real time clock seems stuck!
- Dentry cache hash table entries: 32768 (order: 5, 131072 bytes)
- Inode-cache hash table entries: 16384 (order: 4, 65536 bytes)
- Memory: 122272k available (2660k kernel code, 1524k data, 116k init, 0k highmem)
- Mount-cache hash table entries: 512 (order: 0, 4096 bytes)
- checking if image is initramfs...it isn't (bad gzip magic numbers); looks like an initrd
- Freeing initrd memory: 3096k freed
- NET: Registered protocol family 16
- PCI: Probing PCI hardware
- dev = 0, pin = 1
- slot = 0, dev = 0, pin = 1
- dev = a0, pin = 1
- slot = 20, dev = a0, pin = 1
- dev = b8, pin = 1
- slot = 23, dev = b8, pin = 1
- dev = b9, pin = 1
- slot = 23, dev = b9, pin = 1
- PCI: Cannot allocate resource region 0 of device 0000:00:00.0
- PCI: Cannot allocate resource region 1 of device 0000:00:00.0
- SCSI subsystem initialized
- Sangoma WANPIPE Router v1.1 (c) 1995-2000 Sangoma Technologies Inc.
- devfs: 2004-01-31 Richard Gooch ([email]rgooch@atnf.csiro.au[/email])
- devfs: boot_options: 0x1
- Initializing Cryptographic API
- Serial: CPM driver $Revision: 0.01 $
- ttyS0 at MMIO 0xf0011a80 (irq = 4) is a CPM UART
- ttyS1 at MMIO 0xf0011a00 (irq = 40) is a CPM UART
- ttyS2 at MMIO 0xf0011a60 (irq = 43) is a CPM UART
- io scheduler noop registered
- io scheduler anticipatory registered
- io scheduler deadline registered
- io scheduler cfq registered
- RAMDISK driver initialized: 16 RAM disks of 8192K size 1024 blocksize
- loop: loaded (max 8 devices)
- nbd: registered device at major 43
- Intel(R) PRO/1000 Network Driver - version 5.6.10.1-k2
- Copyright (c) 1999-2004 Intel Corporation.
- e100: Intel(R) PRO/100 Network Driver, 3.3.6-k2-NAPI
- e100: Copyright(c) 1999-2004 Intel Corporation
- ipddp.c:v0.01 8/28/97 Bradford W. Johnson <[email]johns393@maroon.tc.umn.edu[/email]>
- ipddp0: Appletalk-IP Encap. mode by Bradford W. Johnson <[email]johns393@maroon.tc.umn.edu[/email]>
- i2c /dev entries driver
- eth0: FCC ENET Version 0.3, 00:08:02:86:10:00
- eth1: FCC ENET Version 0.3, 00:08:02:46:10:00
- NET: Registered protocol family 26
- NET: Registered protocol family 2
- IP: routing cache hash table of 1024 buckets, 8Kbytes
- TCP established hash table entries: 8192 (order: 4, 65536 bytes)
- TCP bind hash table entries: 8192 (order: 3, 32768 bytes)
- TCP: Hash tables configured (established 8192 bind 8192)
- IPv4 over IPv4 tunneling driver
- GRE over IPv4 tunneling driver
- ip_conntrack version 2.1 (1024 buckets, 8192 max) - 248 bytes per conntrack
- ip_tables: (C) 2000-2002 Netfilter core team
- ipt_recent v0.3.1: Stephen Frost <[email]sfrost@snowman.net[/email]>. [url]http://snowman.net/projects/ipt_recent/[/url]
- ClusterIP Version 0.6 loaded successfully
- arp_tables: (C) 2002 David S. Miller
- IPVS: Registered protocols (TCP, UDP, AH, ESP)
- IPVS: Connection hash table configured (size=4096, memory=32Kbytes)
- IPVS: ipvs loaded.
- IPVS: [rr] scheduler registered.
- IPVS: [wrr] scheduler registered.
- IPVS: [lc] scheduler registered.
- IPVS: [wlc] scheduler registered.
- IPVS: [lblc] scheduler registered.
- IPVS: [lblcr] scheduler registered.
- IPVS: [dh] scheduler registered.
- IPVS: [sh] scheduler registered.
- IPVS: [sed] scheduler registered.
- IPVS: [nq] scheduler registered.
- Initializing IPsec netlink socket
- NET: Registered protocol family 1
- NET: Registered protocol family 17
- NET: Registered protocol family 15
- Bridge firewalling registered
- Ebtables v2.0 registered
- NET: Registered protocol family 4
- NET: Registered protocol family 5
- NET: Registered protocol family 9
- X.25 for Linux. Version 0.2 for Linux 2.1.15
- NET: Registered protocol family 8
- NET: Registered protocol family 20
- lec.c: Sep 26 2008 11:07:03 initialized
- mpoa: /proc/mpoa initialized
- mpc.c: Sep 26 2008 11:07:01 initialized
- NET4: DECnet for Linux: V.2.5.68s (C) 1995-2003 Linux DECnet Project Team
- DECnet: Routing cache hash table of 1024 buckets, 8Kbytes
- NET: Registered protocol family 12
- NET: Registered protocol family 19
- 802.1Q VLAN Support v1.8 Ben Greear <[email]greearb@candelatech.com[/email]>
- All bugs added by David S. Miller <[email]davem@redhat.com[/email]>
- SCTP: Hash tables configured (established 4096 bind 8192)
- RAMDISK: ext2 filesystem found at block 0
- RAMDISK: Loading 3096KiB [1 disk] into ram disk... done.
- VFS: Mounted root (ext2 filesystem) readonly.
- Mounted devfs on /dev
- init started: BusyBox v1.7.2 (2008-09-26 10:46:55 CST)
- starting pid 810, tty '': '/etc/init.d/rcS'
- mdev: /sys/block: No such file or directory
- mdev: /sys/class: No such file or directory
- starting pid 813, tty '': '/bin/sh'
- Processing /etc/profile... Done
[ 本帖最后由 myforever 于 2008-11-2 13:34 编辑 ] |
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