如何判断 Linux 是否运行在虚拟机上

lyhabc

    if [ -d "/proc/vz" ];then  

        ulimit -s unlimited
    fi

判断 OpenVZ/Xen PV/UML
判断 OpenVZ/Xen PV/UML 是最容易的，直接检查 /proc 下的相关目录和文件就可以知道，比如 OpenVZ VPS
上会有 /proc/vz 这个文件；Xen PV 虚拟机上会有 /proc/xen/ 这个目录，并且目录下有一些东西；UML 上打印
/proc/cpuinfo 会找到 UML 标志。写了一个简单的 Python 脚本来检测：
#!/usr/bin/python
# check if a linux system running on a virtual machine (openvz/xen pv/uml)
# written by http://www.vpsee.com

import sys, os

def main():
if os.getuid() != 0:
print "must be run as root"
sys.exit(0)

# check OpenVZ/Virtuozzo
if os.path.exists("/proc/vz":
if not os.path.exists("/proc/bc":
print "openvz container"
else:
print "openvz node"

# check Xen
if os.path.exists("/proc/xen/capabilities":
if (os.path.getsize("/proc/xen/capabilities" > 0):
print "xen dom0"
else:
print "xen domU"

# check User Mode Linux (UML)
f = open("/proc/cpuinfo", "r"; t = f.read(); f.close()
if (t.find("UML" > 0):
print "uml"

if __name__=="__main__":
main()

判断 VMware/Xen HVM/KVM
如果使用的是 VMware/Xen HVM/KVM 这样的全虚拟就更难判断一些，最准确的办法是读取 CPUID 来判断，Xen
源代码下面有一段检测是否是 Xen 的 C 语言代码 tools/misc/xen-detect.c，这段代码提供了一个很好的例子，VPSee
重写了代码，用宏替代了函数，增加了对 VMware 和 KVM 的识别，用 gcc 编译后就可以运行：
/*
* check if a linux system running on a virtual machine (vmware/xen hvm/kvm)
* written by http://www.vpsee.com
*/
#include stdio.h
#include string.h

#define HYPERVISOR_INFO 0x40000000

#define CPUID(idx, eax, ebx, ecx, edx) \
asm volatile ( \
"test %1,%1 ; jz 1f ; ud2a ; .ascii \"xen\" ; 1: cpuid" \
: "=b" (*ebx), "=a" (*eax), "=c" (*ecx), "=d" (*edx) \
: "0" (idx) );

int main(void)
{
unsigned int eax, ebx, ecx, edx;
char string[13];

CPUID(HYPERVISOR_INFO, &eax, &ebx, &ecx, &edx);
*(unsigned int *)(string+0) = ebx;
*(unsigned int *)(string+4) = ecx;
*(unsigned int *)(string+ = edx;

string[12] = 0;
if (strncmp(string, "XenVMMXenVMM", 12) == 0) {
printf("xen hvm\n";
} else if (strncmp(string, "VMwareVMware", 12) == 0) {
printf("vmware\n";
} else if (strncmp(string, "KVMKVMKVM", 12) == 0) {
printf("kvm\n";
} else
printf("bare hardware\n";

return 0;
}

判断 VirtualBox/Virtual PC
什么？这种家用桌面虚拟机自己装的还会不知道？！如果不知道的话也有办法，在 Linux 下运行 dmidecode 工具然后查找
Manufacturer: innotek GmbH, Manufacturer: Microsoft Corporation 关键字就能对应上
VirtualBox 和 Virtual PC.

例如本人买的美国vps，openvz架构

action08

简单说，就是查看设备，如果系统的设备是虚拟机的提供商那么就可以判断是跑在虚拟机下的

jixuuse

lspci，如果是虚拟机，那么各种接口肯定有虚拟化平台名称，比如下面的，一看就知道跑在vmware上：

1. [root@nagios ~]# lspci
   
2. 00:00.0 Host bridge: Intel Corporation 440BX/ZX/DX - 82443BX/ZX/DX Host bridge (rev 01)
   
3. 00:01.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 440BX/ZX/DX - 82443BX/ZX/DX AGP bridge (rev 01)
   
4. 00:07.0 ISA bridge: Intel Corporation 82371AB/EB/MB PIIX4 ISA (rev 08)
   
5. 00:07.1 IDE interface: Intel Corporation 82371AB/EB/MB PIIX4 IDE (rev 01)
   
6. 00:07.3 Bridge: Intel Corporation 82371AB/EB/MB PIIX4 ACPI (rev 08)
   
7. 00:07.7 System peripheral: VMware Virtual Machine Communication Interface (rev 10)
   
8. 00:0f.0 VGA compatible controller: VMware SVGA II Adapter
   
9. 00:10.0 SCSI storage controller: LSI Logic / Symbios Logic 53c1030 PCI-X Fusion-MPT Dual Ultra320 SCSI (rev 01)
   
10. 00:11.0 PCI bridge: VMware PCI bridge (rev 02)
    
11. 00:15.0 PCI bridge: VMware PCI Express Root Port (rev 01)
    
12. 00:15.1 PCI bridge: VMware PCI Express Root Port (rev 01)
    
13. 00:15.2 PCI bridge: VMware PCI Express Root Port (rev 01)
    
14. 00:15.3 PCI bridge: VMware PCI Express Root Port (rev 01)
    
15. 00:15.4 PCI bridge: VMware PCI Express Root Port (rev 01)
    
16. 00:15.5 PCI bridge: VMware PCI Express Root Port (rev 01)
    
17. 00:15.6 PCI bridge: VMware PCI Express Root Port (rev 01)
    
18. 00:15.7 PCI bridge: VMware PCI Express Root Port (rev 01)
    
19. 00:16.0 PCI bridge: VMware PCI Express Root Port (rev 01)
    
20. 00:16.1 PCI bridge: VMware PCI Express Root Port (rev 01)
    
21. 00:16.2 PCI bridge: VMware PCI Express Root Port (rev 01)
    
22. 00:16.3 PCI bridge: VMware PCI Express Root Port (rev 01)
    
23. 00:16.4 PCI bridge: VMware PCI Express Root Port (rev 01)
    
24. 00:16.5 PCI bridge: VMware PCI Express Root Port (rev 01)
    
25. 00:16.6 PCI bridge: VMware PCI Express Root Port (rev 01)
    
26. 00:16.7 PCI bridge: VMware PCI Express Root Port (rev 01)
    
27. 00:17.0 PCI bridge: VMware PCI Express Root Port (rev 01)
    
28. 00:17.1 PCI bridge: VMware PCI Express Root Port (rev 01)
    
29. 00:17.2 PCI bridge: VMware PCI Express Root Port (rev 01)
    
30. 00:17.3 PCI bridge: VMware PCI Express Root Port (rev 01)
    
31. 00:17.4 PCI bridge: VMware PCI Express Root Port (rev 01)
    
32. 00:17.5 PCI bridge: VMware PCI Express Root Port (rev 01)
    
33. 00:17.6 PCI bridge: VMware PCI Express Root Port (rev 01)
    
34. 00:17.7 PCI bridge: VMware PCI Express Root Port (rev 01)
    
35. 00:18.0 PCI bridge: VMware PCI Express Root Port (rev 01)
    
36. 00:18.1 PCI bridge: VMware PCI Express Root Port (rev 01)
    
37. 00:18.2 PCI bridge: VMware PCI Express Root Port (rev 01)
    
38. 00:18.3 PCI bridge: VMware PCI Express Root Port (rev 01)
    
39. 00:18.4 PCI bridge: VMware PCI Express Root Port (rev 01)
    
40. 00:18.5 PCI bridge: VMware PCI Express Root Port (rev 01)
    
41. 00:18.6 PCI bridge: VMware PCI Express Root Port (rev 01)
    
42. 00:18.7 PCI bridge: VMware PCI Express Root Port (rev 01)
    
43. 02:00.0 Ethernet controller: Intel Corporation 82545EM Gigabit Ethernet Controller (Copper) (rev 01)
    
44. [root@nagios ~]#

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