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LVS是中国人发起的项目，真是意外呀!大家可以看http://www.douzhe.com/linuxtips/1665.html
我是从最初的HA(高可用性)开始的，别人的例子是用VMWARE，可以做试验但不能实际应用，我又
没有光纤卡的Share Storage，于是就选用ISCSI，成功后又发现ISCSI+EXT3不能用于LVS，倒最后发
现GFS可用，我最终成功配成可实际应用的LVS，前后断断续续花了四个月，走了很多弯路。我花了
三天时间写下这篇文章，希望对大家有用。
这里要感谢linuxfans.org、linuxsir.com、chinaunix.com以及其它很多网站，很多资料都是从
他们的论坛上找到的。
参考文档及下载点
a.http://www.gyrate.org/misc/gfs.txt
b.http://www.redhat.com/docs/manuals/enterprise/RHEL-3-Manual/cluster-suite/index.html
http://www.redhat.com/docs/manuals/csgfs/admin-guide/index.html
c.ftp://ftp.redhat.com/pub/redhat/linux/updates/enterprise/3ES/en/RHGFS/SRPMS
d.http://distro.ibiblio.org/pub/linux/distributions/caoslinux/centos/3.1/contrib/i386/RPMS/
LVS结构图：
eth0=10.3.1.101
eth0:1=10.3.1.254
Load Balance
Router
eth1=192.168.1.71
eth1:1=192.168.1.1
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Real1 Real2
eth0=192.168.1.68 eth0=192.168.1.67
(eth0 gateway=192.168.1.1)
eth1=192.168.0.1---eth1=192.168.0.2
(双机互联线)
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GFS
ISCSI
Share storage
eth0=192.168.1.124
1.Setup ISCSI Server
Server: PIII 1.4,512M, Dell 1650,Redhat 9,IP=192.168.1.124
从http://iscsitarget.sourceforge.net/下载ISCSI TARGET的Source code
(http://sourceforge.net/project/showfiles.php?group_id=108475&package_id=117141)
我选了iscsitarget-0.3.8.tar.gz,要求kernel 2.4.29
从kernel.org下载kernel 2.4.29,解开编译重启后编译安装iscsitarget-0.3.8：
#make KERNELSRC=/usr/src/linux-2.4.29
#make KERNELSRC=/usr/src/linux-2.4.29 install
#cp ietd.conf /etc
#vi /etc/ietd.conf
# Example iscsi target configuration
#
# Everything until the first target definition belongs
# to the global configuration.
# Right now this is only the user configuration used
# during discovery sessions:
# Users, who can access this target
# (no users means anyone can access the target)
User iscsiuser 1234567890abc
Target iqn.2005-04.com.my:storage.disk2.sys1.iraw1
User iscsiuser 1234567890abc
Lun 0 /dev/sda5 fileio
Alias iraw1
Target iqn.2005-04.com.my:storage.disk2.sys1.iraw2
User iscsiuser 1234567890abc
Lun 1 /dev/sda6 fileio
Alias iraw2
Target iqn.2005-04.com.my:storage.disk2.sys2.idisk
User iscsiuser 1234567890abc
Lun 2 /dev/sda3 fileio
Alias idisk
Target iqn.2005-04.com.my:storage.disk2.sys2.icca
User iscsiuser 1234567890abc
Lun 3 /dev/sda7 fileio
Alias icca
说明：password 长度必须不小于12个字符, Alias是别名, 不知为何这个别名在
Client端显示不出来.
分区：我只有一个SCSI盘，所以：
/dev/sda3: Share storage,容量越大越好
/dev/sda5: raw1, 建Cluster要的rawdevice, 我给了900M
/dev/sda6: raw2, 建Cluster要的rawdevice, 我给了900M
/dev/sda7: cca, 建GFS要的,我给了64M
(/dev/sda4是Extended分区,在其中建了sda5,6,7)
#Reboot，用service iscsi-target start启ISCSI server(我觉得比建议的好，可以
用service iscsi-target status看状态)
2.Setup ISCSI Client(on two real server)
Server: PIII 1.4,512M, Dell 1650,Redhat AS3U4(用AS3U5更好),2.4.21-27.EL
#vi /etc/iscsi.conf
DiscoveryAddress=192.168.1.124
OutgoingUsername=iscsiuser
OutgoingPassword=1234567890abc
Username=iscsiuser
Password=1234567890abc
LoginTimeout=15
IncomingUsername=iscsiuser
IncomingPassword=1234567890abc
SendAsyncTest=yes
#service iscsi restart
#iscsi-ls -l
..., 精简如下:
/dev/sdb:iraw2
/dev/sdc:iraw1
/dev/sdd:idisk
/dev/sde:icca
注意: 在real server中ISCSI device的顺序很重要，两个real server中一定要一样，如不一样
就改ISCSI Server中的设置，多试几次
3.Install Redhat Cluster suite
先下载Cluster Suite的ISO, AS3的我是从ChinaUnix.net找到的下载点, 安装clumanager和
redhat-config-cluster。没有Cluster Suite的ISO也没关系，从
ftp://ftp.redhat.com/pub/redhat/linux/updates/enterprise/3ES/en/RHCS/SRPMS/下载
clumanager-1.2.xx.src.rpm,redhat-config-cluster-1.0.x.src.rpm,编译后安装，应该更好:
#rpm -Uvh clumanager-1.2.26.1-1.src.rpm
#rpmbuild -bs /usr/src/redhat/SPECS/clumanager.spec
#rpmbuild --rebuild --target i686 /usr/src/redhat/SRPMS/clumanager-1.2.26.1-1.src.rpm
还有redhat-config-cluster-1.0.x.src.rpm，也装好
4.Setup Cluster as HA module
详细步骤我就不写了，网上有很多文章，我也是看了别人的文章学会的，不过人家是用VMWARE，
而我是用真的机子+ISCSI，raw device就是/dev/sdb,/dev/sdc, 然后就
mount /dev/sdd /u01, mkfs.ext3 /u01 ......
设好后会发现ISCSI有问题：同时只能有一个Client联接写盘，如果
两个Client同时联ISCSI的Share Storge,一个Client写，另一个Client是看不到的，而且此时文
件系统已经破坏了，Client重联ISCSI时会发现文件是坏的，用fsck也修复不了。
ISCSI真的是鸡肋吗？
NO！从GOOGLE上我终于查到ISCSI只有用Cluster File System才能真正用于Share Storage!
而Redhat买下的GFS就是一个!
5.Setup GFS on ISCSI
GFS只有Fedora Core4才自带了，而GFS又一定要用到Cluster Suite产生的/etc/cluster.xml文件，
我没见FC4有Cluster Suite,真不知Redhat给FC4带GFS干嘛，馋人吗？
好，闲话少说，下载：c处的GFS-6.0.2.20-2.src.rpm， 按a处的gfs.txt编译安装，不过关于
cluster.ccs,fence.ccs,nodes.ccs的设置没说，看b的文档，我总算弄出来了，都存在
/root/cluster下，存在别的地方也行，不过我不知道有没有错，我没有光纤卡，文档又没讲ISCSI
的例子，不过GFS能启动的。
#cat cluster.ccs
cluster {
name = "Cluster_1"
lock_gulm {
servers = ["cluster1", "cluster2"]
heartbeat_rate = 0.9
allowed_misses = 10
}
}
注：name就是Cluster Suite设置的Cluster name, servers就是Cluster member的Hostname，别忘
了加进/etc/hosts;allowed_misses我开始设为1，结果跑二天GFS就会死掉，改为10就没死过了。
#cat fence.ccs
fence_devices{
admin {
agent = "fence_manual"
}
}
#cat nodes.ccs
nodes {
cluster1 {
ip_interfaces {
hsi0 = "192.168.0.1"
}
fence {
human {
admin {
ipaddr = "192.168.0.1"
}
}
}
}
cluster2 {
ip_interfaces {
hsi0 = "192.168.0.2"
}
fence {
human {
admin {
ipaddr = "192.168.0.2"
}
}
}
}
}
注：ip就是心跳线的ip
这三个文件建在/root/cluster下，先建立Cluster Configuration System：
a.#vi /etc/gfs/pool0.cfg
poolname pool0
minor 1 subpools 1
subpool 0 8 1 gfs_data
pooldevice 0 0 /dev/sde1
b.#pool_assemble -a pool0
c.#ccs_tool create /root/cluster /dev/pool/pool0
d.#vi /etc/sysconfig/gfs
CCS_ARCHIVE="/dev/pool/pool0"
再Creating a Pool Volume，就是我们要的共享磁盘啦，
a.#vi /etc/gfs/pool1.cfg
poolname pool1
minor 2 subpools 1
subpool 0 128 1 gfs_data
pooldevice 0 0 /dev/sdd1
b.#pool_assemble -a pool1
c.#gfs_mkfs -p lock_gulm -t Cluster_1:gfs1 -j 8 /dev/pool/pool1
d.#mount -t gfs -o noatime /dev/pool/pool1 /u01
下面是个GFS的启动脚本，注意real1和real2必须同时启动lock_gulmd进程，第一台lock_gulmd
会成为Server并等Client的lock_gulmd，几十秒后没有响应会fail，GFS启动失败。Redhat建议
GFS盘不要写进/etc/fstab。
#cat gfstart.sh
#!/bin/sh
depmod -a
modprobe pool
modprobe lock_gulm
modprobe gfs
sleep 5
service iscsi start
sleep 20
service rawdevices restart
pool_assemble -a pool0
pool_assemble -a pool1
service ccsd start
service lock_gulmd start
mount -t gfs /dev/pool/pool1 /s02 -o noatime
service gfs status
6. Setup Linux LVS
LVS是章文嵩博士发起和领导的优秀的集群解决方案，许多商业的集群产品，比如RedHat的
Piranha，Turbolinux公司的Turbo Cluster等，都是基于LVS的核心代码的。
我的系统是Redhat AS3U4，就用Piranha了。
从rhel-3-u5-rhcs-i386.iso安装piranha-0.7.10-2.i386.rpm,ipvsadm-1.21-9.ipvs108.i386.rpm
(http://distro.ibiblio.org/pub/linux/distributions/caoslinux/centos/3.1/contrib/i386/RPMS/)
装完后service httpd start & service piranha-gui start，就可以从http://xx.xx.xx.xx:3636管理或
设置了，当然了，手工改/etc/sysconfig/ha/lvs.cf也一样。
#cat /etc/sysconfig/ha/lvs.cf
serial_no = 80
primary = 10.3.1.101
service = lvs
rsh_command = ssh
backup_active = 0
backup = 0.0.0.0
heartbeat = 1
heartbeat_port = 1050
keepalive = 6
deadtime = 18
network = nat
nat_router = 192.168.1.1 eth1:1
nat_nmask = 255.255.255.0
reservation_conflict_action = preempt
debug_level = NONE
virtual lvs1 {
active = 1
address = 10.3.1.254 eth0:1
vip_nmask = 255.255.255.0
fwmark = 100
port = 80
persistent = 60
pmask = 255.255.255.255
send = "GET / HTTP/1.0\r\n\r\n"
expect = "HTTP"
load_monitor = ruptime
scheduler = wlc
protocol = tcp
timeout = 6
reentry = 15
quiesce_server = 1
server Real1 {
address = 192.168.1.68
active = 1
weight = 1
}
server Real2 {
address = 192.168.1.67
active = 1
weight = 1
}
}
virtual lvs2 {
active = 1
address = 10.3.1.254 eth0:1
vip_nmask = 255.255.255.0
port = 21
send = "\n"
use_regex = 0
load_monitor = ruptime
scheduler = wlc
protocol = tcp
timeout = 6
reentry = 15
quiesce_server = 0
server ftp1 {
address = 192.168.1.68
active = 1
weight = 1
}
server ftp2 {
address = 192.168.1.67
active = 1
weight = 1
}
}
设置完后service pulse start, 别忘了把相关的client加进/etc/hosts
#iptables -t mangle -A PREROUTING -p tcp -d 10.3.1.254/32 --dport 80 -j MARK --set-mark 100
#iptables -t mangle -A PREROUTING -p tcp -d 10.3.1.254/32 --dport 443 -j MARK --set-mark 100
#iptables -A POSTROUTING -t nat -p tcp -s 10.3.1.0/24 --sport 20 -j MASQUERADE
运行以上三行命令并存入/etc/rc.d/rc.local，用ipvsadm看状态：
#ipvsadm
IP Virtual Server version 1.0.8 (size=65536)
Prot LocalAddress ort Scheduler Flags
->; RemoteAddressort Forward Weight ActiveConn InActConn
TCP 10.3.1.254:ftp wlc
->; cluster2:ftp Masq 1 0 0
->; cluster1:ftp Masq 1 0 0
FWM 100 wlc persistent 60
->; cluster1:0 Masq 1 0 0
->; cluster2:0 Masq 1 0 0
注意：a.Firewall Mark可以不要，我反正是加了，文档说有https的话加上，值我选了100，
b.Virtual IP别加进/etc/hosts，我上过当，80端口时有时无的，
c.eth0:1,eth1:1是piranha产生的，别自己手工设置，我干过这画蛇添足的事，网上有
些帖子没说清，最后是看Redhat的文档才弄清楚的。
d.The LVS router can monitor the load on the various real servers by using
either rup or ruptime. If you select rup from the drop-down menu, each real
server must run the rstatd service. If you select ruptime, each real server
must run the rwhod service.Redhat的原话，就是如选rup的监控模式real server上
都要运行rstatd进程，如选ruptime就要运行rwhod进程。
e.Real Server同Router相联的网卡的Gateway必须是Router的那块网卡的VIP，举本例：
Router的eth1同两个real server的eth0相联，如VIP eth1:1=192.168.1.1，则real
server 的eth0的Gateway=192.168.1.1
7.Setup TOMCAT5.59+JDK1.5(用Redhat自带的Apache)
a.#tar xzvf jakarta-tomcat-5.5.9.tar.gz
#mv jakarta-tomcat-5.5.9 /usr/local
#ln -s /usr/local/jakarta-tomcat-5.5.9 /usr/local/tomcat
b.#jdk-1_5_0_04-linux-i586.bin
#mv jdk1.5.0_4 /usr/java
#ln -s /usr/java/jdk1.5.0_4 /usr/java/jdk
c.#vi /etc/profile.d/tomcat.sh
export CATALINA_HOME=/usr/local/tomcat
export TOMCAT_HOME=/usr/local/tomcat
d.#vi /etc/profile.d/jdk.sh
if ! echo ${PATH} | grep "/usr/java/jdk/bin" ; then
JAVA_HOME=/usr/java/jdk
export JAVA_HOME
export PATH=/usr/java/jdk/bin {PATH}
export CLASSPATH=$JAVA_HOME/lib
fi
e.#chmod 755 /etc/profile.d/*.sh
f.重新用root登录，让tomcat.sh和jdk.sh起作用，
#tar xzvf jakarta-tomcat-connectors-jk2-src-current.tar.gz
#cd jakarta-tomcat-connectors-jk2-2.0.4-src/jk/native2/
#./configure --with-apxs2=/usr/sbin/apxs --with-jni --with-apr-lib=/usr/lib
#make
#libtool --finish /usr/lib/httpd/modules
#cp ../build/jk2/apache2/mod_jk2.so ../build/jk2/apache2/libjkjni.so /usr/lib/httpd/modules/
g.#vi /usr/local/tomcat/bin/catalina.sh
在# Only set CATALINA_HOME if not already set后加上以下两行：
serverRoot=/etc/httpd
export serverRoot
h.#vi /usr/local/tomcat/conf/jk2.properties
serverRoot=/etc/httpd
apr.NativeSo=/usr/lib/httpd/modules/libjkjni.so
apr.jniModeSo=/usr/lib/httpd/modules/mod_jk2.so
i.#vi /usr/local/tomcat/conf/server.xml,
在</Host>;前加上以下几行，建了两个VirtualPath：myjsp和local，一个指向share storage，
一个指向real server本地
<Context path="/myjsp" docBase="/u01/www/myjsp" debug="0"/>;
<Logger className="org.apache.catalina.logger.FileLogger" directory="/var/log/httpd"
prefix="cluster.log." suffix=".txt" timestamp="true" />;
<Valve className="org.apache.catalina.valves.AccessLogValve" directory="/var/log/httpd"
prefix="cluster_access.log." suffix=".txt" pattern="common" resolveHosts="false" />;
<Context path="/local" docBase="/var/www/html" debug="1" reloadable="true" crossContext="true" />;
j.#vi /etc/httpd/conf/workers2.properties
#[logger.apache2]
#level=DEBUG
[shm]
file=/var/log/httpd/shm.file
size=1048576
[channel.socket]
tomcatId=localhost:8009
keepalive=1
info=Ajp13 forwarding over socket
[ajp13]
channel=channel.socket:localhost:8009
[status]
info=Status worker, displays runtime informations
[uri:/*.jsp]
worker=ajp13:localhost:8009
context=/
k.#vi /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
改 ocumentRoot "/u01/www"
加：
在LoadModule最后加：
LoadModule jk2_module modules/mod_jk2.so
JkSet config.file /etc/httpd/conf/workers2.properties
在#<VirtualHost *>;之前加：
<Directory ~ "/WEB-INF/">;
Order allow,deny
Deny from all
</Directory>;
l:#mkdir /u01/ftproot
#mkdir /u01/www
#mkdir /u01/www/myjsp
m:在每个real server上生成index.jsp
#vi /var/www/html/index.jsp
<%@ page import="java.util.*,java.sql.*,java.text.*" contentType="text/html"
%>;
<%
out.println("test page on real server 1" ;
%>;
在real server2上就是"test page on real server 2"
n:下载jdbc Driver
http://www.oracle.com/technology/software/tech/java/sqlj_jdbc/htdocs/jdbc9201.html
可惜只有for JDK1.4的,在两台real server上分别
#cp -R /usr/local/tomcat/webapps/webdav/WEB-INF /u01/www/myjsp
#cp ojdbc14.jar ojdbc14_g.jar ocrs12.zip /u01/www/myjsp/WEB-INF/lib
o:假设我有一台OracleServer，ip=10.3.1.211,sid=MYID,username=my,password=1234,并有Oracle
的例子employees的read权限,或干脆把这个table拷过来,我是Oracle9i中的
#vi /u01/www/myjsp/testoracle.jsp
<%@ page contentType="text/html" %>;
<%@ page import="java.sql.*"%>;
<?xml version="1.0"?>;
<html">;
<head>;
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html" />;
<title>;Test ORACLE Employees</title>;
</head>;
<body>;
<%
String OracleDBDriver="oracle.jdbc.driver.OracleDriver";
String DBUrl="jdbc racle:thin 10.3.1.211:1521:MYID";
String UserID="my";
String UserPWD="1234";
Connection conn=null;
Statement stmt=null;
ResultSet rs=null;
try
{
Class.forName(OracleDBDriver);
}
catch(ClassNotFoundException ex)
{
System.out.println("Class.forname:"+ex);
}
conn=DriverManager.getConnection(DBUrl,UserID,UserPWD);
stmt=conn.createStatement();
String sql="select * from EMPLOYEES";
rs = stmt.executeQuery(sql);
out.print("<table border>;";
out.print("<tr>;";
out.print("<th width=100>;"+"EMPLOYEE_ID";
out.print("<th width=50>;"+"FIRST_NAME";
out.print("<th width=50>;"+"LAST_NAME";
out.print("<th width=50>;"+"EMAIL";
out.print("<th width=50>;"+" HONE_NUMBER";
out.print("<th width=50>;"+"HIRE_DATE";
out.print("<th width=50>;"+"JOB_ID";
out.print("<tr>;");
try
{
while(rs.next())
{
out.print("<tr>;");
int n=rs.getInt(1);
out.print("<td>;"+n+"</td>;");
String e=rs.getString(2);
out.print("<td>;"+e+"</td>;");
//String e=rs.getString(3);
out.print("<td>;"+rs.getString(3)+"</td>;");
out.print("<td>;"+rs.getString(4)+"</td>;");
out.print("<td>;"+rs.getString(5)+"</td>;");
out.print("<td>;"+rs.getString(6)+"</td>;");
out.print("<td>;"+rs.getString(7)+"</td>;");
out.print("</tr>;");
}
}
catch(SQLException ex)
{
System.err.println("ConnDB.Main:"+ex.getMessage());
}
out.print("</table>;");
rs.close();
stmt.close();
conn.close();
%>;
</body>;
</html>;
p:#vi /u01/www/index.html
<p>;
<META HTTP-EQUIV="Refresh" CONTENT="10; URL=http://10.3.1.254/myjsp/testoracle.jsp">;
</BODY>;
<p>;
<a href="http://10.3.1.254/local/index.jsp">;WEB Local</a>;
<p>;
<a href="http://10.3.1.254/myjsp/testoracle.jsp">;Test Oracle WEB</a>;
</HTML>;
q:在两台real server上分别
#vi /usr/local/tomcat/conf/tomcat-users.xml
加下面一行，允许页面管理：
<user username="manager" password="tomcat" roles="manager"/>;
r:在两台real server上分别
#service httpd restart
#/usr/local/tomcat/bin/startup.sh
s:打开http://1092.168.1.68:8080和http://1092.168.1.67:8080，选Tomcat Manager，用
manager/tomcat登录，虚拟目录/myjsp和/local应该Start了
在两台机子上分别打开网页http://10.3.1.254，选WEB Local，可以看到一台显示：
"test page on real server 1"，另一台为"test page on real server 2",同时在Router上
ipvsadm可以看到每个real server的联接数
8.设置FTP服务
#vi /etc/vsftpd/vsftp.conf，在两台real server上分别加入以下几行：
anon_root=/u01/ftproot
local_root=/u01/ftproot
setproctitle_enable=YES
#service vsftpd start
现在LVM+GFS+ISCSI+TOMCAT就设置好了，我们可以用Apache Jmeter来测试LVM的性能，两台机子上
分别运行jmeter，都指向10.3.1.254/myjsp/testoracle.jsp，各200个threads同时运行，在Router
上用ipvsadm可以监控，Oracle Server的性能可要好，否则大量的http进程会hang在real server
上，ipvsadm也会显示有个real server失去了。测试时real server的CPU idle会降到70%，而Router
的CPU idle几乎不动。 |
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发表于 2005-07-15 09:56