常见的UNIX（Linux）对比

gaoxintian

Directory Mappings
AIX
FreeBSD
HP-UX
LINUX(RedHat)
SOLARIS
Tru64
Root filesystem
/              {/dev/hd4}
/       {/dev/ad0s1a}
/          {/dev/vg00/lvol1}
/                  {/dev/sda1}
/  {/dev/vx/dsk/rootvol}
/     {/dev/rz0a}
Home Directory
/home          {/dev/hd1}
　
/home      {/dev/vg00/lvol4}
　
/export/home
　
       /dev/vx/dsk/home}
　
/tmp           {/dev/hd3}
　
/tmp       {/dev/vg00/lvol6}
　
/tmp
　
    /dev/vx/dsk/swapvol}
　
/usr           {/dev/hd2}
/usr    {/dev/ad0s1f}
/usr       {/dev/vg00/lvol7}
　
/usr
/usr    {/dev/rz0g}
　
/var        {/dev/hd9var}
/var    {/dev/ad0s1e}
/var       {/dev/vg00/lvol8}
　
/var
　
Sample configuration files
-
　
/usr/newconfig
　
　
　
User Accounts
AIX
FreeBSD
HP-UX
LINUX(RedHat)
Solaris
Tru64
Password files
/etc/passwd
/etc/passwd
/etc/passwd
/etc/passwd
/etc/passwd
/etc/passwd
/etc/security/passwd
/etc/master.passwd
/tcb/files/auth/r/root
/etc/shadow
/etc/shadow
Groups file
/etc/group
/etc/group
/etc/group
/etc/group
/etc/group
/etc/group
/etc/security/group
/etc/logingroup
Maximum # of user ID
4294967295
65535
2147483647
65535
2147483647
65535
Allow/Deny remote login
/etc/security/user
/etc/ttys
/etc/securetty
/etc/securetty
/etc/default/login
/etc/securettys
{rlogin=true}
{secure}
{console}
{ttyp1}
{CONSOLE=/dev/console}
{ttyp1}
User nobody's id #
4294967294
65534
-2
99
60001 & 65534(nobody4)
65534
Group nobody's id #
4294967294
65534
-2(nogroup)
99
60002 & 65534(nogroup)
65534
Recover root password
boot from CD/Tape
ok boot -s
>boot
{lilo}
boot cdrom -s
press the HALT Button or (Control-P)
Installation/Maintenance
passwd root
Interact with IPL ? Y
control-x
mkdir /tmp/a
>>>boot -fl s
Start Limited Shell
　
ISL>hpux -iS
linux S
mount /dev/c0t0d0s0 /tmp/a
lsmbstartup
getrootfs hdisk0
　
passwd root
passwd root
vi /tmp/a/etc/shadow
/sbin/bcheckrc
vi /etc/security/passwd
　
　
　
　
passwd root
　
　
　
{grub}
　
　
　
　
　
c
　
　
　
　
　
kernel vmlinuz-2.4.9-13 single   ro root=/dev/hda8
　
　
　
　
　
initrd /initrd-2.4.9-13.img
　
　
　
　
　
boot
　
　
　
　
　
passwd root
　
　
Create new user
mkuser
adduser
useradd
useradd
useradd
useradd
Delete user
rmuser
rmuser
userdel
userdel
userdel
userdel
List users
lsuser -f ALL
　
logins
　
logins
　
Modify user account
chuser -a
　
usermod
usermod
usermod
usermod
General Commands
AIX
FreeBSD
HP-UX
LINUX(RedHat)
Solaris
Tru64
Unique host ID
hostid
　
uname -i
hostid
hostid
hostid
Administrator
smit
　
sam
linuxconf
admintool
sysman
Performance monitor
top
top
top
top
top
top
monitor
glance
System activity reporter
sar
sa
sar
sar {sysstat}
sar
/usr/opt/svr4/bin/sar
Virtual Memory statistics
vmstat
vmstat
vmstat
vmstat
vmstat
vmstat
I/O statistics
iostat
iostat
iostat
iostat {sysstat}
iostat
iostat
Error logs
alog -o -t boot
dmesg
dmesg
dmesg
dmesg
uerf -R -o full
errpt
Physical RAM
1TB
　
4TB
64 GB {>2.3.24}
16TB
4TB
Shared Memory
2.75GB
　
8TB
sysctl kernel.shmmax
　
　
Process Data Space
2GB
　
4GB
900 MB
　
　
Swap device
/dev/hd6
/dev/ad0s1b
/dev/vg00/lvol2
/dev/sda2
/dev/vx/dsk/swapvol
/dev/rz0b
Swap file type
/etc/swapspaces
swap
swap
partition type 82
swap
raw
Display swap size
lsps -a
swapinfo
swapinfo -a
free
swap -l
swapon -s
Activate Swap
swapon -a
swapon -a
swapon -a
swapon -a
swap -a
swapon -a
Printers
AIX
FreeBSD
HP-UX
LINUX
Solaris
Tru64
Printer Queues
/etc/qconfig
/var/spool/print
/etc/lp/interface/*
/var/spool/lpd/lp/*
/etc/lp/interfaces/*
/usr/spool/lpd
Stop LP
stopsrc -s lpd
　
lpshut
/etc/init.d/lpd stop
/usr/lib/lp/lpshut
/sbin/init.d/lpd stop
Start LP
startsrc -s lpd
lpd
lpsched
/etc/init.d/lpd start
/usr/lib/lp/lpsched
/sbin/init.d/lpd start
Submit print jobs
enq
lp
lp
lpr
lp
lp
lp
lpr
lpr
lpr
　
　
qprt
　
　
LP statistics
enq -A
lpq
lpstat
lpq
lpstat
lpstat
lpq
lpstat
qchk
Remove print jobs
cancel
cancel
cancel
lprm
cancel
cancel
lprm
lprm
lprm
lprm
qcan
　
　
　
enq -x
　
　
　
Add printer queue
smit mkpq
　
lpadmin -p pq
printtool
lpadmin -p pq
lprsetup
Remove Printer queue
smit rmpq
　
lpadmin -x pq
　
lpadmin -x pq
lprsetup
Make default printer
export LPDEST="pq"
　
lpadmin -d pq
　
lpadmin -d pq
export PRINTER="lp"
TCP/IP
AIX
　
HP-UX
LINUX(RedHat)
Solaris
Tru64
Network IP configuration
lsattr -E -l inet0
/etc/rc.conf
/etc/rc.config.d/netconf
/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/
/etc/hostname.*
/etc/rc.config
/etc/inet/*
/etc/defaultrouter
Hosts IP addresses
/etc/hosts
/etc/hosts
/etc/hosts
/etc/hosts
/etc/inet/hosts
/etc/hosts
Name service switch
/etc/netsvc.conf
/etc/host.conf
/etc/nsswitch.conf
/etc/nsswitch.conf
/etc/nsswitch.conf
/etc/svc.conf
Network parameters
no -a
sysctl
ndd -h
sysctl -a | grep net
ndd /dev/[tcp|ip] ?
　
Routing daemon
gated
routed
gated
routed
in.routed
routed
NIC Configurations
ifconfig -a
ifconfig -a
lanscan -v
ifconfig -a
ifconfig -a
ifconfig -a
Secondary IP Address
ifconfig en0 alias IP
ifconfig xl0 alias IP
ifconfig lan0:1 IP
modprobe ip_alias
ifconfig hme0:1 IP up
ifconfig ln0 alias
ifconfig eth0:1 IP
Login prompt
HERALD @
　
telnetd -b /etc/issue
/etc/issue
BANNER @
/etc/issue
/etc/security/login.cfg
/etc/default/telnetd
Increase the # of pseudo-terminals
odmget -q "attribute=num and uniquetype=pty/pty/pty" PdAt | sed "s/0-64/0-512/" |
　
rebuild your kernel with these new values NPTY=#
cd /dev
{/etc/system}
cd /dev
odmchange -q "attribute=num and uniquetype=pty/pty/pty" -o PdAt
NSTRPY=#
./MAKEDEV -v pty
set pt_cnt = #   {SYSV}
./MAKEDEV PTY_1
　
　
　
set npty = #      {BSD}
　
chdev -l pty0 -anum=256 -P
reboot
　
　
　
reboot
　
　
{/etc/iu.ap}
　
　
insf -d ptys -n #
　
ptsl 0 # ldterm ttcompat
　
　
insf -d ptym -n #
　
　
　
　
insf -d pts -s # -e -v
　
halt
　
　
　
　
boot -r
　
Maximum # of ptys
512
　
{MAXUSERS}
256
176                {BSD}
8192
3000              {SYSV}
Remote Shell
remsh
rsh
remsh
rsh
rsh
rsh
rsh
YP/NIS service binder
/usr/lib/netsvc/yp/ypbind
/usr/sbin/ypbind
/usr/lib/netsvc/yp/ypbind
/sbin/ypbind
/usr/lib/netsvc/yp/ypbind
/usr/sbin/ypbind
System Files
AIX
FreeBSD
HP-UX
LINUX(RedHat)
Solaris
Tru64
NFS exported
/etc/exports
/etc/exports
/etc/exports
/etc/exports
/etc/dfs/dfstab
/etc/exports
/etc/dfs/sharetab
NFS Client mounted directories
/etc/xtab
　
/etc/xtab
/var/lib/nfs/xtab
/etc/rmtab
/var/adm/mountdtab
Max File System
128 GB
　
128 GB
2 TB
1 TB
128 GB {
8000 TB {vxfs}
512 GB {>= 4.0}
　
16 TB {advfs}
Max File Size
64 GB
　
128 GB
2 GB     {512B block size}
1 TB
128 GB {
8192 GB  {8KB block size}
2 GB {=
512 GB {>= 4.0}
　
　
16 TB {advfs}
Max # File Descriptors
64 K
　
60~ K
sysctl fs.file-max
64 K
64 K
DISK/LVM Commands
AIX
FreeBSD
HP-UX:Disk &Filesystem
LINUX(RedHat)
SOLARIS
Tru64
Filesystem table
/etc/filesystems
/etc/fstab
/etc/fstab
/etc/fstab
/etc/vfstab
/etc/fstab
Free disk blocks
df -k
df -k
bdf
df -k
df -k
df -k
Device listing
lsdev -C
　
/sbin/ioscan
cat /proc/devices
sysdef
　
Disk information
bootinfo -s hdisk#
fdisk -v ad0
diskinfo /dev/rdsk/c#t#d#
cat /proc/scsi/scsi0/sda/model
format -d c#t#d#
file /dev/rrz0c
format>current
format>inquiry
Disk Label
lspv -l hdisk#
disklabel ad0
pvdisplay -v /dev/dsk/C#t#d#
fdisk -l
prtvtoc
disklabel -p rz0
LVM Concepts
Partition
sub disk
logical extents
logical extents
sub disk
sub disk
　
Volume
Volume
logical volume
logical volume
Volume
Volume
　
　
Plex
　
　
Plex
Plex
　
Volume group
　
volume group
volume group
disk group
disk group
Journal Filesystem type
jfs
　
vxfs
ext3
vxfs
advfs
reiserfs
Default volume group
/dev/rootvg
　
/dev/vg00
　
/dev/vx/dsk/rootdg
/dev/vol/rootdg
Display volume group
lsvg -l rootvg
　
vgdisplay -v vg00
vgdisplay -v
vxprint -l -g rootdg
volprint -l -g rootdg
Modify physical volume
chpv
　
pvchange
pvchange
　
　
Prepare physical disk
mkdev -c disk -l hdisk#
　
pvcreate
pvcreate
vxdiskadd
voldiskadd
List physical volume
lspv
vinum ld
pvdisplay
pvdisplay
vxprint -dl
volprint -dl
Remove disk from volume group
reducevg
　
vgreduce
vgreduce
vxdg rmdisk
voldg rmdisk
Move logical volumes to another physical volumes
migratepv
vinum move -f drive object
pvmove
pvmove
vxassist move
volassist move
Create volume group
mkvg
　
vgcreate
vgcreate
vxdg init
voldg init
Remove volume group
　
　
vgremove
vgremove
　
　
Volume group availability
chvg
　
vgchange
vgchange
　
　
varyonvg
varyoffvg
Restore volume group
　
　
vgcfgrestore
vgcfgrestore
　
　
Exports volume group
exportvg
　
vgexport
vgexport
vxdg deport
voldg deport
Imports volume group
importvg
　
vgimport
vgimport
vxdg import
voldg import
Volume group listing
lsvg
　
vgscan
vgscan
　
　
Change logical volume characteristics
chlv
　
lvchange
lvchange
vxedit set
voledit set
List logical volume
lslv
vinum lv
lvdisplay
lvdisplay
vxprint -vl
volprint -vl
Make logical volume
mklv
　
lvcreate
lvcreate
vxassist make
volassist make
Extend logical volume
extendlv
　
lvextend
lvextend
vxassist growto
volassist growto
Reduce logical volume
AIX reduce LV
　
lvreduce
lvreduce
vxassist shrinkto
volassist shrinkto
Remove logical volume
rmlv
vinum rm vol
lvremove
lvremove
vxedit rm
voledit -g rootdg -rf rm vol1
Prepare boot volumes
bootlist -m normal
　
lvlnboot
lilo
vxbootsetup
　
Remove boot volumes
　
　
lvrmboot
　
　
　
Extend File system
chfs -a size=# /mt
　
extendfs /dev/vg00/lvol8
resize2fs
vxva
　
fsadm -F vxfs -b {LE * 1024} /mt
resize_reiserfs
mkfs -M
Reduce/Split mirrors
rmlvcopy
　
lvsplit
lvsplit
　
　
Merge mirrors
　
　
lvmerge
lvmerge
　
　
Create mirrors
mklv -c 2
vinum mirror drive
lvcreate -m 1
　
vxassist mirror
volassist make vol 100mb mirror=true
Add mirrors
mklvcopy lv 2
　
lvextend -m 1
　
　
　
Create striped volumes
mklv -u 3 -S 64K
vinum stripe drive
lvcreate -i 3 -I 64
lvcreate -i 3 -I 64
vxassist make vol 100mb layout=raid5
volassist make vol 100mb layout=stripe
System recovery tape
mksysb -i /dev/rmt0
　
/opt/ignite/bin/make_recovery
　
　
/usr/sys/bin/btcreate
Backup
savevg -i rootvg
vinum saveconfig
fbackup
tar cvf /dev/rst0 /
ufsdump
vdump
Restore
restvg
　
frecover
tar xvf /dev/rst0
ufsrestore
vrestore
MISC
AIX
FreeBSD
HP-UX
LINUX(RedHat)
SOLARIS
Tru64
Startup script
/etc/rc
/etc/rc
/sbin/rc
/etc/rc.d/rc
/etc/init.d
/sbin/init.d
Kernel
/usr/lib/boot/unix_up
/kernel
/stand/vmunix
/boot/vmlinuz
/kernel/genunix
/vmunix
Kernel Parameters
lsattr -E -l sys0
sysctl -a
sysdef
sysctl -a
sysdef -i
sysconfig
kmtune
dxkerneltuner
kmsystem
　
Reconfigure the kernel
chdev -l sys0 -a
cd /sys/i386/conf
cd /stand/build
cd /usr/src/linux
vi /etc/system
doconfig
vi KERNEL
/usr/lbin/sysadm/system_prep -v -s system
make mrproper
reboot
config KERNEL
vi system
make menuconfig
　
cd ../../compile/KERNEL
mk_kernel -s system
make dep
　
make depend
cd /stand
make clean
　
make
mv system system.prev
make bzImage
　
make install
mv vmunix vmunix.prev
make install
　
　
mv dlkm dlkm.prev
make modules
　
　
mv /stand/build/system system
make modules_install
　
　
kmupdate /stand/build/vmunix_test
　
　
　
　
cp arch/i386/boot/bzImage /boot/vmlinuz-2.2.16
　
　
　
mkinitrd /boot/initrd-2.2.16.img 2.2.16
　
　
　
vi /etc/lilo.conf
　
　
　
lilo
　
　
　
　
　
List modules
genkex
kldstat
kmadmin -s
lsmod
modinfo
　
Load module
　
kldload
kmadmin -L
insmod
modload
　
Unload module
　
kldunload
kmadmin -U
rmmod
modunload
　
Initialize system
install_assist
/stand/sysinstall
set_parms initial
netconf
sys-unconfig
netsetup
Physical RAM
bootinfo -r
sysctl hw.physmem
grep -i Physical /var/adm/syslog/syslog.log
free
prtconf
uerf | grep memory
Kernel Bits
bootinfo -K
　
getconf KERNEL_BITS
getconf LONG_BIT
isainfo -kv
64
Crash utility
crash
crash
adb
lcrash
crash
kdbx
Trace System Calls
syscalls
truss
tusc
strace
truss
trace
Machine model
uname -m
uname -m
model
uname -m
uname -imp
uname -p
bootinfo -m
uname -m
OS Level
oslevel
uname -r
uname -r
uname -r
uname -r
sizer -v
Run Level
who -r
　
who -r
runlevel
who -r
who -r
Core dump files
/var/adm/ras
　
/var/adm/crash
　
/var/crash/`uname -n`
　
Boot single user
Key on service mode/F4
ok boot -s
>boot
{lilo}
ok boot -s
>>> boot -fl s
Boot from CD/Tape
Interact with IPL ? Y
control-x
Select Maintenance
ISL>hpux -iS
linux S
Limited function Shell
　
　
　
　
{grub}
　
　
c
　
　
kernel vmlinuz-2.4.9-13 single   ro root=/dev/hda8
　
　
initrd /initrd-2.4.9-13.img
　
　
boot
Maintenance mode
　
ok boot -as
>boot
　
ok boot -as
　
Interact with IPL ? Y
ISL>hpux -lm
Interrupt Key
　
　
control-B
　
Stop-A
control-P
Return to console
　
　
co
　
ok go
　
Timezone Management
/etc/environment
/etc/localtime
/etc/TIMEZONE
/etc/sysconfig/clock
/etc/TIMEZONE
/etc/svid3_tz
/etc/profile
/etc/default/init
timezone
NTP Daemon
/etc/ntp.conf
/etc/rc.conf {xntpd_enable="YES"}
/etc/rc.config.d/netdaemons
/etc/ntp.conf
/etc/inet/ntp.conf
rcmgr set XNTPD_CONF YES
startsrc -s xntpd
/etc/rc.network
/sbin/init.d/xntpd
/etc/rc.d/init.d/xntpd
/etc/init.d/xntpd
/sbin/init.d/xntpd
Software
AIX
　
HP-UX
LINUX(RedHat)
SOLARIS
Tru64
Install Software
installp -a
pkg_add
swinstall
rpm -i package
pkgadd
setld -l
Uninstall software
installp -u
pkg_delete
swremove
rpm -e package
pkgrm
setld -d
List installed software
lslpp -L all
pkg_info -a
swlist
rpm -qa
pkginfo
setld -i
Verify installed software
lppchk -v
　
swlist -l fileset -a state
rpm -V package
pkginfo -i
setld -v
pkginfo -p
List all files
lslpp -f fileset
pkg_info -L package
swlist -l file fileset
rpm -ql package
pkgchk -l package
setld -i package
List installed patches
instfix -i
　
swlist -l patch
　
patchadd -p
dupatch -track -type patch
what /stand/vmunix
Package owner
lslpp -w path
　
swlist -l file | grep path
rpm -qf file
pkgchk -l -p path
　
SW Directory
/usr/lpp
/var/db/pkg
/var/adm/sw/
/var/lib/rpm
/var/sadm
/var/adm/smlogs
Devices
AIX
FreeBSD
HP-UX
LINUX(RedHat)
SOLARIS
Tru64
Devices
/dev
/dev
/dev
/dev
/devices
/dev
Install devices for attached peripherals
cfgmgr -v
/dev/MAKEDEV
insf -e
/dev/MAKEDEV
drvconfig
scu scan edt
devlinks
scsimgr -scan_all
disks
　
tapes
　
ports
　
Remove device
rmdev -l
　
rmsf
　
rem_drv
　
Device drivers
lscfg
　
lsdev
　
prtconf -D
　
CPU
lsdev -Cc processor
sysctl hw.model
ioscan -fnC processor
cat /proc/cpuinfo
psrinfo -v
psrinfo -v
List Terminal
lsdev -Cc tty
　
ioscan -fnC tty
　
pmadm -l
　
Diagnostics
diag
pciconf -l
stm
lspci
/usr/platform/`uname -m`/
　
pnpdump
sbin/prtdiag
　
ok test-all
　
/opt/SUNWvts/bin/sunvts
Whole Disk
/dev/hdisk#
/dev/ad0s1c
/dev/dsk/c#t#d0
/dev/sda
/dev/c#t#d0s2
/dev/rz0c
CDROM
/dev/cd0
/dev/acd0c
/dev/dsk/c#t2d0
/dev/cdrom
/dev/dsk/c#t6d0s2
/dev/rz3c
CDROM file type
cdrfs
cd9660
cdfs
iso9660
hsfs
cdfs
Rewinding tape drive
/dev/rmt0
/dev/rwt0d
/dev/rmt/0m
/dev/rst0               { c 9 0}
/dev/rmt/0
/dev/rmt0
Non-rewinding tape drive
/dev/rmt0.1
/dev/nrwt0d
/dev/rmt/0mn
/dev/nrst0           { c 9 128 }
/dev/rmt/0n
/dev/nrmt0
Floppy drive
/dev/rfd0
/dev/fd0
-
/dev/fd0
/dev/diskette
/dev/fd0c
Links
AIX
FreeBSD
HP-UX
LINUX(RedHat)
SOLARIS
Tru64
FAQ
AIX-FAQ
FreeBSD FAQ
HP-UX FAQ
LINUX FAQ
Solaris 2 FAQ
Tru64 FAQ
Online Manual
AIX 5.3 Docs
FreeBSD Hand Book
HP-UX Reference Manual
Linux Documentation Project
Solaris 10 Documentation
Tru64 Documents
Technical Support
p5 TechSupport
　
IT Resource Center
Red Hat support
SunSolve
Alpha Systems Support
Phone Number
1-800-CALL-AIX
　
1-800-633-3600
1-888-REDHAT1
1-800-USA-4SUN
1-800-474-6836
Free Software
Public Domain Software Library
FreeBSD Primary Site
HP-UX Ports
Linux Software Map
Sun Freeware
Tru64 Demos, Shareware & Freeware
Certification
www.ibm.com
　
education.hp.com
RHCE
suned.sun.com
ASE Information


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