- 论坛徽章:
- 0
|
ok>;show-devs
ok>;show-disks
终端控制
ctrl+s ：终止屏幕输出，如用cat命令输出时，要停一下
ctrl+q ：恢复ctrl+q的输出
ctrl+c ：中断当前的活动，返回命令提示符
ctrl+d ：表示文件的结束或退出，如退出终端窗口
ctrl+u ：擦除整个命令行
ctrl+w ：擦除命令行最后一个单词
ctrl+h ：擦除命令行最后一个字符
bc ：计算器
#ksh 切换到k shell
命令：
# uname
SunOS
NAME
#man uname
uname - print name of current system
SYNOPSIS
uname [-aimnprsvX]
uname [-S system_name]
# date
2004年05月19日 星期三 21时57分49秒 CST
#
stings
$stings /usr/bin/cat
能够用来打印可执行文件或二进制文件中的可读字符。
cat more
#cat -n test.txt //显示行号
键值 目的
空格 滚动到下一屏
回车 一次滚动一行
b 向后移动一屏
f 向前移动一屏
h 显示更多特性的帮助菜单
q 退出，返回shell提示符
/string 向前搜索字符串string
n 查找下一处匹配
less
#less test.txt //前移动一屏F，后B ，/string 查找字符
head
#head -5 /export/home/wing/test.txt //显示开始的5行
#head chap*|more //显示所有以chap开头的文件的头部
用来显示一个或多个文件的前n行，默认省略-n参数将显示文件的前10行。
tail
#tail -5 /export/home/wing/test.txt //显示最后5行
#tail +5 /export/home/wing/test.txt //显示第5行开始到结束
用来显示一个文件的最后n行，默认省略-n参数将显示文件的最后10行。
# tail -f /var/adm/messages //实时自动浏览syslog入口
Oct 6 00:20:26 wing genunix: [ID 936769 kern.info] sd0 is /pci@0,0/pci-ide@7,1/ide@1/sd@0,0
Oct 6 00:20:26 wing pcplusmp: [ID 637496 kern.info] pcplusmp: fdc (fdc) instance 0 vector 0x6 ioapi
c 0x1 intin 0x6 is bound to cpu 0
Oct 6 00:20:26 wing last message repeated 1 time
Oct 6 00:20:26 wing isa: [ID 202937 kern.info] ISA-device: fdc0
Oct 6 00:20:26 wing fdc: [ID 114370 kern.info] fd0 at fdc0
Oct 6 00:20:26 wing genunix: [ID 936769 kern.info] fd0 is /isa/fdc@1,3f0/fd@0,0
Oct 6 00:20:30 wing i8042: [ID 526150 kern.info] 8042 device: mouse@1, mouse8042 # 0
Oct 6 00:20:30 wing genunix: [ID 936769 kern.info] mouse80420 is /isa/i8042@1,60/mouse@1
Oct 6 00:21:37 wing login: [ID 722452 auth.error] user2netname: (nis+ lookup): Error in accessing N
IS+ cold start file... is NIS+ installed?
Oct 6 00:21:47 wing last message repeated 1 time
Oct 6 00:52:07 wing login: [ID 722452 auth.error] user2netname: (nis+ lookup): Error in accessing N
IS+ cold start file... is NIS+ installed?
wc
#wc /export/home/wing/test.txt //显示文件的行、单词、字节数
#wc -l /export/home/wing/test.txt //显示文件的行数
选项 功能
-l 统计行数
-w 统计单词数
-c 统计字节数
-m 统计字符数
diff
#diff -i test.txt test2.txt //忽略文章中的大小写
#diff -c test.txt test2.txt //进行细致的比较生成一个差别表
touch
#touch test1.txt test2.txt test3.txt //可以一次创建多个文件
mkdir
#mkdir /export/home/wing
#mkdir -p /export/home/wing //在路径中名中不存在的目录将被创建
#rmdir dir //所要删除的目录必须是空的
rm
rm -i test.txt test2.txt //交互式删除文件
rm -r /tem/testd //删除目录和目录下的文件
rm -ir /tem/testd //交互式的删除目录和目录下的文件
cp
cp -i oldfilename newfilename //交互式拷贝
cp /export/home/keven/ok.txt /export/home/wing/test.txt
cp -ri /export/home/keven /export/home/wing 整个目录一起拷
cp -rp 文件属性一起拷贝
crontab
直接登陆窗口界面
# crontab -l root //查看作业
/etc/init.d/cron stop //停止进程
在CONSOLE 中熟命令 crontab -e root
crontab -e root //编辑加入要执行的代码
0-59 * * * * date >;>; /export/home/keven/keven.txt //加入次行在末尾，每分钟执行一次
“格式如下：
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6)
0 0 * * 3 date >;>; /export/home/keven/keven.txt
1. 分钟 (0-60)
2. 小时 (0-23)
3. 日 (1-31)
4. 月 (1-12)
5. 星期 (0-6)
6. 所要运行的程序
如1-59分钟，1-24 小时
0 18-23 0 0 0-6 //每天的18-23点执行，0-6为周日到周六
/etc/init.d/cron start //启动进程
# crontab -l root
查看作业是否加入执行队列。
不行退出到登陆界面，再次登陆进入，还加载就reboot
你是不是直接编辑用户的cron文件呀?
如果是当然不运行,cron demon是在启动的时候才读一次配置文件.
如果你是后加的JOB 要用crontab -e来编辑用户的cron.
要不你 kill -HUP cron的进程ID.
重新启动这个进程.
每5分钟做一次必须写成5,15,20,25,30,35,40,45,50,55 * * * *
===================================
“格式如下：
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6)
0 0 * * 3 /usr/bin/updatedb
1. 分钟 (0-60)
2. 小时 (0-23)
3. 日 (1-31)
4. 月 (1-12)
5. 星期 (1-7)
6. 所要运行的程序
但是我设成 1 0 0 0 0 /usr/bin/ps
希望能自动在一分钟之后显示进程。但是没有成功。
HELP ME
===============================================
15 1 * * * /opt/bin/ta.sh /opt/aadir >; /dev/null
此处>;/dev/null 必须用吗? 何意思?
输出重定向到/dev/null, 否则会mail到你的邮箱
dev/null 是一个特殊文件，所有输入到该文件的数据都会被丢弃。
>; /dev/null 的意思就是丢弃所有的输出内容，否则（就象楼上老兄说的）就会将输出内容发送到执行该命令的用户信箱中。
这种写法只能把标准输出送到/dev/null中，如果有错误产生的话，还是会送到信箱里的。下面的写法才可以丢弃所有的输出内容：
15 1 * * * /opt/bin/ta.sh /opt/aadir >; /dev/null 2>;&1
0 14 * * 0-6 //每天的下午14点执行
ls
$ ls -n
总数 12
-rw-r--r-- 1 0 1 247 10月 2 07:53 list
-rw-r--r-- 2 1002 100 62 10月 2 01:10 ok.txt
drwxr-xr-x 2 0 1 512 10月 1 21:27 ss
-rw-r--r-- 1 1002 100 171 10月 3 01:10 test.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 1002 100 120 10月 2 20:54 test1
-rw-r--r-- 1 1002 100 0 9月 30 08:54 test2
-rw-r--r-- 1 1002 100 0 9月 30 08:54 test3
-rw-r--r-- 1 0 1 247 10月 2 07:58 tt.txt
# ls -ld using_samba //查看目录的权限
drwxr-xr-x 2 root other 512 5月 8 22:23 using_samba
$ ls -a
. .cshrc list ss test1 test3
.. .login ok.txt test.txt test2 tt.txt
$ ls -l
总数 12
-rw-r--r-- 1 root other 247 10月 2 07:53 list
-rw-r--r-- 2 keven user 62 10月 2 01:10 ok.txt
drwxr-xr-x 2 root other 512 10月 1 21:27 ss
-rw-r--r-- 1 keven user 171 10月 3 01:10 test.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 keven user 120 10月 2 20:54 test1
-rw-r--r-- 1 keven user 0 9月 30 08:54 test2
-rw-r--r-- 1 keven user 0 9月 30 08:54 test3
-rw-r--r-- 1 root other 247 10月 2 07:58 tt.txt
$ ls -F //列出目录名
TT_DB/ keven/ temp/ user2/ www/
cole/ lost+found/ user1/ wing/
符号 文件类型
/ 文件夹
* 可执行文件
（none） 无格式文件或者ASCII文件
@ 链接符
如：
# ls -F
accept* gsscred* metaset* i86/ //目录
acctadm* halt* metastat* roleadd*
add_drv* hostconfig* metasync* test.txt //ASCII
cachefslog@ in.rlogind* mount* rtquery*
cachefswssize@链接文件 in.routed* mountall* rwall*//可执行文件
$ ls -R //递归显示
.:
TT_DB keven temp user2 www
cole lost+found user1 wing
./cole:
inetservices.txt services services.txt
./keven:
dir test.txt
./keven/dir:
./lost+found:
./lost+found: 权限被否定
./temp:
so.tar.gz
./user1:
./user2:
./wing:
aa dead.letter mywife.tar ok passwd.txt test
./wing/test:
./www:
$
$ ls . //显示当前目录
dir test.txt
$ ls .. //显示当前目录的父目录，支持路径表示符如~
TT_DB keven temp user2 www
cole lost+found user1 wing
$ ls -i test.txt test1.txt //节点检查
64 test.txt 65 test1.txt
$ ls -il test.txt test1.txt
64 -rw-r--r-- 1 keven sysadmin 27 10月 12 17:27 test.txt
65 -rw-r--r-- 1 keven sysadmin 0 10月 12 17:25 test1.txt
$ ls -ld //只显示目录
drwxr-xr-x 3 keven sysadmin 512 10月 12 17:25 .
file
$ file passwd.txt
passwd.txt: ascii文本
lp
$lp ok.txt myfile test.txt
$lp -p evans1 test.txt //-p后为打印机evans1
$lpstat // 打印队列状态
ln
#ln file1 newfile
#ln file1 directory/newfilename 硬链接
#ln ~/book/chap* /home/brad
为每个chap文件都创建了链接，把这些链接指向/home/brad目录
如果文件有多个指向它的硬盘链接，只是删除该文件并不能有效的释放磁盘空间，你将不得不删除掉所有指向它的硬链接。
#ln -s src target
是软链接，存储的只是路径，用ls -l 可以看到，如果原文件已移走或删除，该名，则target就没有用了，删除和该名链接同样用rm
如果文件有多个指向它的硬盘链接，只是删除该文件并不能有效的释放磁盘空间，你将不得不删除掉所有指向它的硬链接。
# ln -s /export/home/ddd /var 既把/export/home/ddd目录链接到/var下面
在var下面生成ddd 链接符号。当/var满了是时候用
mv
#mv -i oldfilename newfilename 改名文件或文件夹
#mv -i source_file(s) target_directory 移动文件到其它目录
swap
# swap -s //列出一个系统虚拟交换空间的摘要。
total: 25728k bytes allocated + 6140k reserved = 31868k used,56496k
available
# swap -l //列出系统物理交换空间的详细说明。
swapfile dev swaplo blocks free
/dev/dsk/c0t3d0s1 32,28 8 98792 90384
vmstat //查看虚拟内存状态
# vmstat
kthr memory page disk faults cpu
r b w swap free re mf pi po fr de sr cd f0 s0 -- in sy cs us sy id
0 0 0 635012 40880 10 36 21 0 1 0 231 3 0 0 0 116 287 184 1 1 99
# vmstat -s
0 swap ins
0 swap outs
0 pages swapped in
0 pages swapped out
84899 total address trans. faults taken //地址解析错误
5916 page ins
6 page outs
12283 pages paged in
9 pages paged out
22759 total reclaims
22759 reclaims from free list
0 micro (hat) faults
84899 minor (as) faults //小错误
5186 major faults //主要错误
16092 copy-on-write faults //写复制操作错误
22331 zero fill page faults
539644 pages examined by the clock daemon
18 revolutions of the clock hand
570 pages freed by the clock daemon
550 forks
17 vforks
514 execs
431543 cpu context switches
272891 device interrupts
105553 traps
671500 system calls
97227 total name lookups (cache hits 96%)
1297 user cpu
1388 system cpu
230813 idle cpu
1542 wait cpu
#
mpstat //系统负载cpu等信息
# mpstat 5 //每隔5秒刷新一次
CPU minf mjf xcal intr ithr csw icsw migr smtx srw syscl usr sys wt idl
0 32 2 0 114 68 181 5 0 1 0 263 0 1 1 98
0 2 0 0 101 55 160 1 0 0 0 58 0 0 0 100
0 0 0 0 101 55 164 1 0 0 0 70 0 0 0 100
0 0 0 0 99 52 158 1 0 0 0 48 0 0 0 100
0 22 0 0 102 56 164 1 0 0 0 136 0 0 0 100
cal
# cal
2004年 5月
日 一 二 三 四 五 六
1
2 3 4 5 6 7 8
9 10 11 12 13 14 15
16 17 18 19 20 21 22
23 24 25 26 27 28 29
30 31
# cal 12 2002 //显示2002年10月的日历
2002年 12月
日 一 二 三 四 五 六
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
8 9 10 11 12 13 14
15 16 17 18 19 20 21
22 23 24 25 26 27 28
29 30 31
# date;uname //组合命令，中间用；隔开
2004年05月19日 星期三 22时05分23秒 CST
SunOS
重定向输入/输出
#command >;filename //如果文件名存在，它将被覆盖，不存在将被创建
#command >;>;filename //向一个存在的文件追加（添加到文件的末尾）内容，而不是覆盖它，如果不存在就创建。
#command 2>;filename //重定向标准错误，会创建文件或覆盖原有文件
#commanf 2>;>;filename //重定向标准错误，向一个存在的文件追加（添加到文件的末尾）内容，而不是覆盖它，如果不存在就创建。
建ok文件 写入：cole how are you
$ write cole;find.txt 2>;null.txt&
//找到则放入find.txt，否则就放到null.txt 程序在后台运行
# find /export -name tex.txt -exec rm {} \; //{} \中间有一个空格
$ find ~ -name ’*es’ //es的前面为任意字符
搜索表达式 意义 定义
name filename 文件名 搜索所有匹配的给定的文件,可以接受元字符(如? *)
type filetype 文件类型 搜索匹配给定文件类型的文件(d为目录)
mtime [+|-]n 修改的时间 搜索所有修改时间或者大于,或小于给定时间的文件
atime[+|-]n 访问的时间 搜索所有访问时间或者大于,或者小于给定时间的文件
user loginid -group groupid 用户ID和属组ID 搜索所有匹配登陆ID的所有者或属组ID的文件
perm mode 权限 搜索所有匹配给定权限的文件(只允许八进制模式)
size[+|-]n[c] 搜索所有大小或者大于,小于n的文件,n以512字节每块计算,如果后面有ac,则以字符(字节)计算
-print 基将搜索结果输出到标准输出。该结果是一个全路径名的文件名 列表
-exec command{}\; exec选项必须通过\;来终止;这样使得find命令可以应用于指定命令中搜索准则中给出的每个文件
-ok command{}\; -exec的交互格式.这个选项用于要求来自用户的输入命令.如 rm -i
-ls 使用长列表格式打印当前路径.这个表达式最常用于链接一个输出,把它重定向到一个文件中,以便稍后进行检查
#grep root /etc/passwd //在passwd中查找root
#grep -i root /etc/passwd //忽略大小写
#grep -v root /etc/passwd //显示除了含有root的行
# grep -c root group //统计有多少行
10
# grep -l root passwd group hosts //查找文件中包含root的文件
passwd
group
正则表达式 功能 例子 结果
.(dot) 匹配任意字符可以多次使用,类似ls命令 grep chap.. file 显示所有包含chap,且之后还有两个字符的行
*(asterisk) 在模式上匹配0个或多个字符 grep chap* file 显示所有包含chap,且之后可以是任意字符
\(back slash) 告诉shell按照字面意思理解\之后的特殊字符 grep dollar\* file 显示所有包含dollar*的行./告诉shell按照字面意思理解*,而不是通配符
^ (caret) 匹配所有以指定模式打头的所有行 grep ^name file 显示所有以Name开头的行
$ 匹配所有以指定模式结尾的行 grep $800 file 显示所有以800结尾的行
[] 匹配模式中的一个字符 grep [64.128] 显示所有包含64MB或128MB的行
-i 忽略大小写
-v 反包含.除了该字符串之外的行
egrep
# egrep 'N(e|o)' /etc/passwd //查找以字母大N开头后面接e 或者o
listen:x:37:4:Network Admin:/usr/net/nls:
nobody:x:60001:60001:Nobody:/:
noaccess:x:60002:60002:No Access User:/:
nobody4:x:65534:65534:SunOS 4.x Nobody:/:
$ egrep ’(Network|uucp) Admin’ /etc/passwd
uucp:x:5:5:uucp Admin:/usr/lib/uucp:
nuucp:x:9:9:uucp Admin:/var/spool/uucppublic:/usr/lib/uucp/uucico
listen:x:37:4:Network Admin:/usr/net/nls:
sort
#cat test.txt
oggg
aaa
ddkk
ddgfg
kk
11
34
22
#sort test.txt
11
22
34
aaa
ddgfg
ddkk
kk
oggg
# ls -ld t* >;list
# cat list
-rw-r--r-- 1 keven user 32 10月 2 07:51 test.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 keven user 0 9月 30 08:54 test1
-rw-r--r-- 1 keven user 0 9月 30 08:54 test2
-rw-r--r-- 1 keven user 0 9月 30 08:54 test3
# sort -rn +4 list -o tt.txt //翻转排序 头4个字符
# ls
list ok.txt ss test.txt test1 test2 test3 tt.txt
# cat tt.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 keven user 32 10月 2 07:51 test.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 keven user 0 9月 30 08:54 test3
-rw-r--r-- 1 keven user 0 9月 30 08:54 test2
-rw-r--r-- 1 keven user 0 9月 30 08:54 test1
#sort +5M +6n list -o up.txt
选项 描述
-n 进行数字排序，n可以单独和短横线连接，或者可以跟着一个区域参数
(+|-)n 以第n个分隔符的区域开始或结束。默认的分割符是空格
-r 翻转排序的顺序。r可以单独与短横线连用，或者可以跟着一个区域参数
-f 在排列中忽略大小写
+nM 把开始的三个字符做为月份名称的简写来排序
-d 使用字典排序，只用字母和空格排序，其它的符号忽略
-o filename 把所有输出放到文件名中
who
# who
root console 10月 2 19:23 (:0) (本地登陆)
wing pts/2 10月 2 19:22 (192.168.0.1)（远程登陆）
# who -q //登陆用户统计
root wing
# users=2
# who -r //运行级别
. run-level 3 10月 2 19:20 3 0 S
$ who -Hu
NAME LINE TIME IDLE PID COMMENTS
keven pts/2 10月 12 10:57 . 389 (192.168.0.1)
user pts/3 10月 12 10:16 0:52 368 (192.168.0.1)
PID为用户登陆上来的进程，#kill -9 368 把此用户踢出
$ who
root console 10月 3 19:21 (:0)
keven pts/6 10月 3 22:11 (192.168.0.1)
wing pts/2 10月 3 22:11 (192.168.0.1)
cole pts/3 10月 3 22:11 (192.168.0.1)
w
$w
下午11点01分 运行 3:43, 4 users, 平均负载：0.00, 0.00, 0.02
用户名 终端号 登入时间 闲置 JCPU PCPU 执行命令
root console 下午 7点21分 3:40 10 1 /usr/dt/bin/dtscreen -mode blank
keven pts/6 下午10点11分 -csh
wing pts/2 下午10点11分 5 w
cole pts/3 下午10点11分 50 -ksh
$ w keven
下午11点10分 运行 3:52, 4 users, 平均负载：0.00, 0.00, 0.02
用户名 终端号 登入时间 闲置 JCPU PCPU 执行命令
keven pts/6 下午10点11分 9 -csh
logins
# logins
root 0 other 1 Super-User
daemon 1 other 1
bin 2 bin 2
sys 3 sys 3
adm 4 adm 4 Admin
uucp 5 uucp 5 uucp Admin
nuucp 9 nuucp 9 uucp Admin
smmsp 25 smmsp 25 SendMail Message Submission Program
listen 37 adm 4 Network Admin
lp 71 lp 8 Line Printer Admin
wing 1001 adm 4 my wife
keven 1002 user 100
user1 1003 adm 4
user2 1004 adm 4
cole 1005 adm 4
nobody 60001 nobody 60001 Nobody
noaccess 60002 noaccess 60002 No Access User
nobody4 65534 nogroup 65534 SunOS 4.x Nobody
last
$ last //当前系统的使用历史使用模式
keven pts/2 192.168.0.1 Mon Oct 6 00:55 仍在登录状态
cole pts/6 192.168.0.1 Mon Oct 6 00:52 仍在登录状态
root console :0 Mon Oct 6 00:44 仍在登录状态
wing pts/3 192.168.0.1 Mon Oct 6 00:21 仍在登录状态
keven pts/2 192.168.0.1 Mon Oct 6 00:21 - 00:55 (00:34)
reboot system boot Mon Oct 6 00:20
keven pts/2 192.168.0.1 Sun Oct 5 19:47 - 20:02 (00:14)
reboot system boot Sun Oct 5 19:46
wing pts/1 192.168.0.1 Sun Oct 5 07:47 - 07:48 (00:00)
keven pts/1 192.168.0.1 Sun Oct 5 06:24 - 07:47 (01:23)
root console :0 Sun Oct 5 06:22 - 07:48 (01:25)
keven pts/1 192.168.0.1 Sun Oct 5 06:21 - 06:24 (00:02)
reboot system boot Sun Oct 5 06:21
cole pts/6 192.168.0.1 Sun Oct 5 01:58 - 03:09 (01:11)
wing pts/5 192.168.0.1 Sun Oct 5 01:58 - 03:10 (01:11)
finger
# finger
Login Name TTY Idle When Where
root Super-User console Thu 19:23 :0
wing my wife pts/2 Thu 19:22 192.168.0.1
$ finger -s keven //指定查看的用户
Login Name TTY Idle When Where
keven admin pts/6 11 Fri 22:11 192.168.0.1
$ finger @www //查看一台主机的登陆用户状况www为主机名
[www]
Login Name TTY Idle When Where
root Super-User console 1 Fri 19:21 :0
keven admin pts/6 13 Fri 22:11 192.168.0.1
#finger -s username@hostname
#finger @webserver.com
#finger username@webserver.com
$ finger -l keven //长格式显示
Login name: keven In real life: admin
Directory: /export/home/keven Shell: /bin/ksh
On since Oct 12 10:16:41 on pts/2 from 192.168.0.1
24 seconds Idle Time
No unread mail
No Plan.
# finger user1
Login name: user1 In real life:
Directory: /export/home/wing Shell: /bin/sh
On since Oct 12 11:11:33 on pts/3 from 192.168.0.1
4 minutes 8 seconds Idle Time
No unread mail
No Plan.
$ finger -m //只搜索登陆的用户名
# man -l uname //输出该命令的地址
uname (1) -M /usr/share/man
uname (2) -M /usr/share/man
NAME
man - find and display reference manual pages
SYNOPSIS
man [-] [-adFlrt] [-M path] [-T macro-package] [-s section]
name...
man [-M path] -k keyword...
man [-M path] -f file...
id
# id
uid=0(root) gid=1(other) //为当前用户的ID，而不是原始登陆ID
who i am
# who i am //真实的UID
root console Oct 2 19:23 (:0)
wing pts/2 Oct 2 19:41 (192.168.0.1)
df -k
# df -k
Filesystem kbytes used avail capacity Mounted on
/dev/dsk/c0d0s0 63127 36137 20678 64% /
/dev/dsk/c0d0s6 1201014 768820 372144 68% /usr
/proc 0 0 0 0% /proc
mnttab 0 0 0 0% /etc/mnttab
fd 0 0 0 0% /dev/fd
/dev/dsk/c0d0s3 55047 25063 24480 51% /var
swap 608948 24 608924 1% /var/run
swap 609216 292 608924 1% /tmp
/dev/dsk/c0d0s5 24239 15 21801 1% /opt
/dev/dsk/c0d0s7 2691830 112 2637882 1% /export/home
/dev/dsk/c0d0s1 462639 306816 109560 74% /usr/openwin
du -k
#du -k /export //递归显示文件夹中的文件或文件夹
# du -sk /etc??? 查看目录的使用情况 总树统计
# du -k /etc 逐个查看
# du -k /export | sort -n 可以迅速发现那个目录是最大的。
vi
vi（文本输入模式）
命令 功能
a 在光标后追加文本
A 在行末追加文本
i 在光标前追加文本
o 在光标下插入新的一行
vi（末行模式）
命令 功能
:w 写缓冲区，保存更改继续在vi中工作
:w new_filename 把缓冲区写如new_filename
:wq 或 ZZ 写缓冲区，保存修改，然后退出vi
:q! 不保存修改而退出
:wq! 写缓冲区保存修改然后推出vi,如果你是文件的所有者将忽略只读属性
e! 取消自上次保存以来所做的修改
:x 等价于:wq! wq
u 取消最近的一次编辑
vi（命令模式）
命令 功能
j（或向下箭头） 向下移动一行
k（或向上箭头） 向上移动一行
h（或向左箭头） 向后移动一个字符
l（或向右箭头） 向前移动一个字符
空格 向右移动一个字符
w 向前移动一个单词（包括标点）
b 向后移动一个单词（包括标点）
$ 移动到行末
0(零)或 ^ 移动到行首
回车 移动到下一行首
vi（命令模式和末行模式）
命令 功能
x （小写） 删除光标处字符
dw 删除单词
3dw 删除三个单词
dd 删除光标所在的行
3dd 删除三行
yy 拉出一行拷贝，放到剪贴板中
p（小写） 把拉出行放到当前之下
P(大写) 把拉出行放到当前之上
:set nu 显示行号
:set nonu 隐藏行号
:set showmode 显示当前操作模式（如用vedit将自动打开）
:set noshowmode 关闭模式显示
:set 显示所有vi变量
:set all 显示所有可能的vi变量和它们的当前的值
G 到达文件的最后一行
：21 到达第21行
/string 向前搜索字符串string
？string 向后搜索字符串string
n 查找匹配的下一个字符串
cpio
#cpio -idcmv ; mtu 8232 index 1
inet 127.0.0.1 netmask ff000000
hme0: flags=1000843; mtu 1500 index 2
inet 192.168.10.25 netmask ffffff00 broadcast 192.168.10.255
ether 8:0:20:a2:11:de
#
#ifconfig le0 192.168.0.3 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.0.255 up
banner
你也可以在系统还没有启动时在ok提示符下敲入banner来找到MAC地址,CPU 型号和频率。
ok banner
un Ultra 5/10 UPA/PCI (UltraSPARC-IIi 300MHz), Keyboard Present
OpenBoot 3.1.1 64 MB memory installed, Serial #9361102.
Ethernet address 8:0:20:8e:d6:ce, HostID: 808ed6ce.
# arp -a //登陆用户
Net to Media Table: IPv4
Device IP Address Mask Flags Phys Addr
------ -------------------- --------------- ----- ---------------
pcn0 192.168.0.1 255.255.255.255 00:03:0f:fd:6d:0c
pcn0 wing 255.255.255.255 SP 00:0c:29:19:a1:54
pcn0 224.0.0.0 240.0.0.0 SM 01:00:5e:00:00:00
# netstat // 网络状态
TCP: IPv4
Local Address Remote Address Swind Send-Q Rwind Recv-Q State
-------------------- -------------------- ----- ------ ----- ------ -------
wing.telnet 192.168.0.1.1030 7168 0 66608 0 ESTABLISHED
wing.telnet 192.168.0.1.1032 6253 1 66608 0 ESTABLISHED
Active UNIX domain sockets
Address Type Vnode Conn Local Addr Remote Addr
df187cc0 stream-ord dee4c1c0 00000000 /tmp/.X11-unix/X0
df187de8 stream-ord 00000000 00000000
#
# netstat -r //查看路由表
Routing Table: IPv4
Destination Gateway Flags Ref Use Interface
-------------------- -------------------- ----- ----- ------ ---------
192.168.0.0 wing U 1 3 pcn0
224.0.0.0 wing U 1 0 pcn0
default wing UG 1 0
localhost localhost UH 2 6 lo0
# netstat -g
Group Memberships: IPv4
Interface Group RefCnt
--------- -------------------- ------
lo0 224.0.0.1 1
pcn0 224.0.0.1 1
# netstat -p
Net to Media Table: IPv4
Device IP Address Mask Flags Phys Addr
------ -------------------- --------------- ----- ---------------
pcn0 192.168.0.1 255.255.255.255 00:03:0f:fd:6d:0c
pcn0 solaris9 255.255.255.255 SP 00:0c:29:80:4c:0a
pcn0 224.0.0.0 240.0.0.0 SM 01:00:5e:00:00:00
#
# netstat -s
RAWIP
rawipInDatagrams = 0 rawipInErrors = 0
rawipInCksumErrs = 0 rawipOutDatagrams = 0
rawipOutErrors = 0
UDP
udpInDatagrams = 923 udpInErrors = 0
udpOutDatagrams = 928 udpOutErrors = 0
TCP tcpRtoAlgorithm = 4 tcpRtoMin = 400
tcpRtoMax = 60000 tcpMaxConn = -1
tcpActiveOpens = 18 tcpPassiveOpens = 21
tcpAttemptFails = 0 tcpEstabResets = 0
tcpCurrEstab = 31 tcpOutSegs = 715
tcpOutDataSegs = 524 tcpOutDataBytes = 52210
tcpRetransSegs = 0 tcpRetransBytes = 0
tcpOutAck = 191 tcpOutAckDelayed = 90
tcpOutUrg = 0 tcpOutWinUpdate = 0
tcpOutWinProbe = 0 tcpOutControl = 47
tcpOutRsts = 0 tcpOutFastRetrans = 0
tcpInSegs = 925
tcpInAckSegs = 505 tcpInAckBytes = 52216
tcpInDupAck = 7 tcpInAckUnsent = 0
tcpInInorderSegs = 524 tcpInInorderBytes = 45645
tcpInUnorderSegs = 0 tcpInUnorderBytes = 0
tcpInDupSegs = 0 tcpInDupBytes = 0
tcpInPartDupSegs = 0 tcpInPartDupBytes = 0
tcpInPastWinSegs = 0 tcpInPastWinBytes = 0
tcpInWinProbe = 0 tcpInWinUpdate = 0
tcpInClosed = 0 tcpRttNoUpdate = 0
tcpRttUpdate = 497 tcpTimRetrans = 0
tcpTimRetransDrop = 0 tcpTimKeepalive = 0
tcpTimKeepaliveProbe= 0 tcpTimKeepaliveDrop = 0
tcpListenDrop = 0 tcpListenDropQ0 = 0
tcpHalfOpenDrop = 0 tcpOutSackRetrans = 0
IPv4 ipForwarding = 2 ipDefaultTTL = 255
ipInReceives = 422 ipInHdrErrors = 0
ipInAddrErrors = 0 ipInCksumErrs = 0
ipForwDatagrams = 0 ipForwProhibits = 0
ipInUnknownProtos = 0 ipInDiscards = 0
ipInDelivers = 1832 ipOutRequests = 265
ipOutDiscards = 0 ipOutNoRoutes = 0
ipReasmTimeout = 60 ipReasmReqds = 0
ipReasmOKs = 0 ipReasmFails = 0
ipReasmDuplicates = 0 ipReasmPartDups = 0
ipFragOKs = 0 ipFragFails = 0
ipFragCreates = 0 ipRoutingDiscards = 0
tcpInErrs = 0 udpNoPorts = 20
udpInCksumErrs = 0 udpInOverflows = 0
rawipInOverflows = 0 ipsecInSucceeded = 0
ipsecInFailed = 0 ipInIPv6 = 0
ipOutIPv6 = 0 ipOutSwitchIPv6 = 8
IPv6 ipv6Forwarding = 2 ipv6DefaultHopLimit = 255
ipv6InReceives = 0 ipv6InHdrErrors = 0
ipv6InTooBigErrors = 0 ipv6InNoRoutes = 0
ipv6InAddrErrors = 0 ipv6InUnknownProtos = 0
ipv6InTruncatedPkts = 0 ipv6InDiscards = 0
ipv6InDelivers = 0 ipv6OutForwDatagrams= 0
ipv6OutRequests = 0 ipv6OutDiscards = 0
ipv6OutNoRoutes = 0 ipv6OutFragOKs = 0
ipv6OutFragFails = 0 ipv6OutFragCreates = 0
ipv6ReasmReqds = 0 ipv6ReasmOKs = 0
ipv6ReasmFails = 0 ipv6InMcastPkts = 0
ipv6OutMcastPkts = 0 ipv6ReasmDuplicates = 0
ipv6ReasmPartDups = 0 ipv6ForwProhibits = 0
udpInCksumErrs = 0 udpInOverflows = 0
rawipInOverflows = 0 ipv6InIPv4 = 0
ipv6OutIPv4 = 0 ipv6OutSwitchIPv4 = 0
ICMPv4 icmpInMsgs = 5 icmpInErrors = 0
icmpInCksumErrs = 0 icmpInUnknowns = 0
icmpInDestUnreachs = 5 icmpInTimeExcds = 0
icmpInParmProbs = 0 icmpInSrcQuenchs = 0
icmpInRedirects = 0 icmpInBadRedirects = 0
icmpInEchos = 0 icmpInEchoReps = 0
icmpInTimestamps = 0 icmpInTimestampReps = 0
icmpInAddrMasks = 0 icmpInAddrMaskReps = 0
icmpInFragNeeded = 0 icmpOutMsgs = 5
icmpOutDrops = 0 icmpOutErrors = 0
icmpOutDestUnreachs = 5 icmpOutTimeExcds = 0
icmpOutParmProbs = 0 icmpOutSrcQuenchs = 0
icmpOutRedirects = 0 icmpOutEchos = 0
icmpOutEchoReps = 0 icmpOutTimestamps = 0
icmpOutTimestampReps= 0 icmpOutAddrMasks = 0
icmpOutAddrMaskReps = 0 icmpOutFragNeeded = 0
icmpInOverflows = 0
ICMPv6 icmp6InMsgs = 0 icmp6InErrors = 0
icmp6InDestUnreachs = 0 icmp6InAdminProhibs = 0
icmp6InTimeExcds = 0 icmp6InParmProblems = 0
icmp6InPktTooBigs = 0 icmp6InEchos = 0
icmp6InEchoReplies = 0 icmp6InRouterSols = 0
icmp6InRouterAds = 0 icmp6InNeighborSols = 0
icmp6InNeighborAds = 0 icmp6InRedirects = 0
icmp6InBadRedirects = 0 icmp6InGroupQueries = 0
icmp6InGroupResps = 0 icmp6InGroupReds = 0
icmp6InOverflows = 0
icmp6OutMsgs = 0 icmp6OutErrors = 0
icmp6OutDestUnreachs= 0 icmp6OutAdminProhibs= 0
icmp6OutTimeExcds = 0 icmp6OutParmProblems= 0
icmp6OutPktTooBigs = 0 icmp6OutEchos = 0
icmp6OutEchoReplies = 0 icmp6OutRouterSols = 0
icmp6OutRouterAds = 0 icmp6OutNeighborSols= 0
icmp6OutNeighborAds = 0 icmp6OutRedirects = 0
icmp6OutGroupQueries= 0 icmp6OutGroupResps = 0
icmp6OutGroupReds = 0
IGMP:
0 messages received
0 messages received with too few bytes
0 messages received with bad checksum
0 membership queries received
0 membership queries received with invalid field(s)
0 membership reports received
0 membership reports received with invalid field(s)
0 membership reports received for groups to which we belong
0 membership reports sent
# netstat -M
Virtual Interface Table is empty
Multicast Forwarding Cache is empty
#
# netstat -r //网络接口状态
Routing Table: IPv4
Destination Gateway Flags Ref Use Interface
-------------------- -------------------- ----- ----- ------ ---------
192.168.0.0 solaris9 U 1 1 pcn0
192.168.0.0 address2 U 1 0 pcn0:1
224.0.0.0 solaris9 U 1 0 pcn0
default 192.168.0.1 UG 1 0
localhost localhost UH 2 6 lo0
# netstat -rn
Routing Table: IPv4
Destination Gateway Flags Ref Use Interface
-------------------- -------------------- ----- ----- ------ ---------
192.168.0.0 192.168.0.3 U 1 1 pcn0
192.168.0.0 192.168.0.5 U 1 0 pcn0:1
224.0.0.0 192.168.0.3 U 1 0 pcn0
default 192.168.0.1 UG 1 0
127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 UH 2 6 lo0
#
# netstat -i 1 5
input pcn0 output input (Total) output
packets errs packets errs colls packets errs packets errs colls
1187 0 1318 0 0 3699 0 3830 0 0
4 0 4 0 0 4 0 4 0 0
3 0 3 0 0 5 0 5 0 0
4 0 4 0 0 4 0 4 0 0
3 0 4 0 0 5 0 6 0 0
#
snoop
# snoop -c 3 //抓取3IP包
Using device /dev/pcn0 (promiscuous mode)
192.168.0.1 ->; solaris9 TELNET C port=3013
solaris9 ->; 192.168.0.1 TELNET R port=3013 Using device /dev/pc
192.168.0.1 ->; solaris9 TELNET C port=3013
3 packets captured
#
# snoop -v -c 2 //抓取两个详细的IP包。
Using device /dev/pcn0 (promiscuous mode)
ETHER: ----- Ether Header -----
ETHER:
ETHER: Packet 1 arrived at 1:43:41.42
ETHER: Packet size = 60 bytes
ETHER: Destination = 0:c:29:80:4c:a,
ETHER: Source = 0:3:f:fd:6d:c,
ETHER: Ethertype = 0800 (IP)
ETHER:
IP: ----- IP Header -----
IP:
IP: Version = 4
IP: Header length = 20 bytes
IP: Type of service = 0x00
IP: xxx. .... = 0 (precedence)
IP: ...0 .... = normal delay
IP: .... 0... = normal throughput
IP: .... .0.. = normal reliability
IP: .... ..0. = not ECN capable transport
IP: .... ...0 = no ECN congestion experienced
IP: Total length = 40 bytes
IP: Identification = 1627
IP: Flags = 0x4
IP: .1.. .... = do not fragment
IP: ..0. .... = last fragment
IP: Fragment offset = 0 bytes
IP: Time to live = 128 seconds/hops
IP: Protocol = 6 (TCP)
IP: Header checksum = 7320
IP: Source address = 192.168.0.1, 192.168.0.1
IP: Destination address = 192.168.0.3, solaris9
IP: No options
IP:
TCP: ----- TCP Header -----
TCP:
TCP: Source port = 3013
TCP: Destination port = 23 (TELNET)
TCP: Sequence number = 769864152
TCP: Acknowledgement number = 52297913
TCP: Data offset = 20 bytes
TCP: Flags = 0x10
TCP: 0... .... = No ECN congestion window reduced
TCP: .0.. .... = No ECN echo
TCP: ..0. .... = No urgent pointer
TCP: ...1 .... = Acknowledgement
TCP: .... 0... = No push
TCP: .... .0.. = No reset
TCP: .... ..0. = No Syn
TCP: .... ...0 = No Fin
TCP: Window = 17292
TCP: Checksum = 0x7b85
TCP: Urgent pointer = 0
TCP: No options
TCP:
TELNET: ----- TELNET: -----
TELNET:
TELNET: ""
TELNET:
ETHER: ----- Ether Header -----
ETHER:
ETHER: Packet 2 arrived at 1:43:41.42
ETHER: Packet size = 97 bytes
ETHER: Destination = 0:3:f:fd:6d:c,
ETHER: Source = 0:c:29:80:4c:a,
ETHER: Ethertype = 0800 (IP)
ETHER:
IP: ----- IP Header -----
IP:
IP: Version = 4
IP: Header length = 20 bytes
IP: Type of service = 0x00
IP: xxx. .... = 0 (precedence)
IP: ...0 .... = normal delay
IP: .... 0... = normal throughput
IP: .... .0.. = normal reliability
IP: .... ..0. = not ECN capable transport
IP: .... ...0 = no ECN congestion experienced
IP: Total length = 83 bytes
IP: Identification = 50744
IP: Flags = 0x4
IP: .1.. .... = do not fragment
IP: ..0. .... = last fragment
IP: Fragment offset = 0 bytes
IP: Time to live = 60 seconds/hops
IP: Protocol = 6 (TCP)
IP: Header checksum = f717
IP: Source address = 192.168.0.3, solaris9
IP: Destination address = 192.168.0.1, 192.168.0.1
IP: No options
IP:
TCP: ----- TCP Header -----
TCP:
TCP: Source port = 23
TCP: Destination port = 3013
TCP: Sequence number = 52297913
TCP: Acknowledgement number = 769864152
TCP: Data offset = 20 bytes
TCP: Flags = 0x18
TCP: 0... .... = No ECN congestion window reduced
TCP: .0.. .... = No ECN echo
TCP: ..0. .... = No urgent pointer
TCP: ...1 .... = Acknowledgement
TCP: .... 1... = Push
TCP: .... .0.. = No reset
TCP: .... ..0. = No Syn
TCP: .... ...0 = No Fin
TCP: Window = 64240
TCP: Checksum = 0xd1f6
TCP: Urgent pointer = 0
TCP: No options
TCP:
TELNET: ----- TELNET: -----
TELNET:
TELNET: "Using device /dev/pcn0 (promiscuous mode)\r\n"
TELNET:
2 packets captured
#
# snoop host1 host2
host1 ->; host2 ICMP Echo request
host2 ->; host1 ICMP Echo reply
使用snoop实用程序判定系统间实际上传送的什么信，判断网络畅通
# snoop -a dhcp
Snoop 的使用
Snoop 是Solaris 系统中自带的工具， 是一个用于显示网络通讯的程序， 它
可捕获IP 包并将其显示或保存到指定文件. (限超级用户使用snoop)
Snoop 可将捕获的包以一行的形式加以总结或用多行加以详细的描述(有
调用不同的参数-v -V来实现). 在总结方式下(-V ) , 将仅显示最高层的相关协
议, 例如一个NFS 包将仅显示NFS 信息, 其低层的RPC, UDP, IP, Ethernet 帧信息将不会显示, 但是当加上相应的参数(-v ), 这些信息都能被显示出来.
参数简介：
[ -a ] # Listen to packets on audio
[ -d device ] # settable to le?, ie?, bf?, tr?
[ -s snaplen ] # Truncate packets
[ -c count ] # Quit after count packets
[ -P ] # Turn OFF promiscuous mode
[ -D ] # Report dropped packets
[ -S ] # Report packet size
[ -i file ] # Read previously captured packets
[ -o file ] # Capture packets in file
[ -n file ] # Load addr-to-name table from file
[ -N ] # Create addr-to-name table
[ -t r|a|d ] # Time: Relative, Absolute or Delta
[ -v ] # Verbose packet display
[ -V ] # Show all summary lines
[ -p first[,last] ] # Select packet(s) to display
[ -x offset[,length] ] # Hex dump from offset for length
[ -C ] # Print packet filter code
由于snoop 的使用非常灵活, 希望能通过下面一些例子的学习来其常见用法.
1. 监听所有以本机为源和目的的包并将其显示出来.
# snoop
2. 监听所有以主机A为源和目的的包并将其显示出来. ( A为主机名, 下同)
- 2 -
# snoop A
3. 监听所有A和B之间的包并将其保存到文件file.
# snoop -o file A B
4. 显示文件file 中指定的包(99-108)
# snoop - i file -p 99,108
99 0.0027 boutique ->; sunroof NFS C GETATTR FH=8E6C
100 0.0046 sunroof ->; boutique NFS R GETATTR OK
101 0.0080 boutique ->; sunroof NFS C RENAME FH=8E6C MTra00192
to .nfs08
102 0.0102 marmot ->; viper NFS C LOOKUP FH=561E screen.r.13.i386
103 0.0072 viper ->; marmot NFS R LOOKUP No such file or directory
104 0.0085 bugbomb ->; sunroof RLOGIN C PORT=1023 h
105 0.0005 kandinsky ->; sparky RSTAT C Get Statistics
106 0.0004 beeblebrox ->; sunroof NFS C GETATTR FH=0307
107 0.0021 sparky ->; kandinsky RSTAT R
108 0.0073 office ->; jeremiah NFS C READ FH=2584 at 40960 for 8192
5. 详细查看文件file 中第101 个包:
# snoop - i file - v -p101
ETHER: ----- Ether Header -----
ETHER:
ETHER: Packet 101 arrived at 16:09:53.59
ETHER: Packet size = 210 bytes
ETHER: Destination = 8:0:20:1:3d:94, Sun
ETHER: Source = 8:0:69:1:5f:e, Silicon Graphics
ETHER: Ethertype = 0800 (IP)
ETHER:
IP: ----- IP Header -----
IP:
IP: Version = 4, header length = 20 bytes
IP: Type of service = 00
IP: ..0. .... = routine
IP: ...0 .... = normal delay
IP: .... 0... = normal throughput
IP: .... .0.. = normal reliability
IP: Total length = 196 bytes
IP: Identification 19846
IP: Flags = 0X
IP: .0.. .... = may fragment
IP: ..0. .... = more fragments
?
- 3 -
?
6. 查看主机A和主机B之间的NFS 包(命令中的and 和or 为相应的逻辑运
算)
# snoop - i file rpc nfs and A and B
1 0.0000 A ->; B NFS C GETATTR FH=8E6C
2 0.0046 B ->; A NFS R GETATTR OK
3 0.0080 A ->; B NFS C RENAME FH=8E6C MTra00192 to .nfs08
7. 将这些符合条件的包保存到另一文件file2 中:
# snoop - i file -o file2 rpc nfs A B
8. 监听主机A和主机B间所有TCP 80 端口或UDP80端口的包
# snoop A and B and (tcp or udp) and port 80
9. 监听所有的广播包
# snoop broadcast
Using device /dev/hme (promiscuous mode)
10.10.10.50 ->; BROADCAST UDP D=177 S=2541 LEN=35
10.10.10.50 ->; BROADCAST UDP D=177 S=2541 LEN=35
10.10.10.50 ->; BROADCAST UDP D=177 S=2541 LEN=35
10. 监听所有的多播包, 并显示详细内容.
#snoop -v multicast
ETHER: ----- Ether Header -----
ETHER:
ETHER: Packet 1 arrived at 12:33:2.16
ETHER: Packet size = 69 bytes
ETHER: Destination = ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff, (broadcast)
ETHER: Source = 0:4:76:46:8f:50,
ETHER: Ethertype = 0800 (IP)
ETHER:
IP: ----- IP Header -----
IP:
IP: Version = 4
IP: Header length = 20 bytes
IP: Type of service = 0x00
IP: xxx. .... = 0 (precedence)
IP: ...0 .... = normal delay
- 4 -
IP: .... 0... = normal throughput
IP: .... .0.. = normal reliability
IP: Total length = 55 bytes
IP: Identification = 14658
IP: Flags = 0x0
IP: .0.. .... = may fragment
IP: ..0. .... = last fragment
IP: Fragment offset = 0 bytes
IP: Time to live = 128 seconds/hops
IP: Protocol = 17 (UDP)
IP: Header checksum = ed38
IP: Source address = 10.10.10.50, 10.10.10.50
IP: Destination address = 255.255.255.255, BROADCAST
IP: No options
IP:
UDP: ----- UDP Header -----
UDP:
UDP: Source port = 2541
UDP: Destination port = 177
UDP: Length = 35
UDP: Checksum = 8E35
UDP:
ETHER: ----- Ether Header -----
ETHER:
ETHER: Packet 2 arrived at 12:33:12.16
ETHER: Packet size = 69 bytes
ETHER: Destination = ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff, (broadcast)
ETHER: Source = 0:4:76:46:8f:50,
ETHER: Ethertype = 0800 (IP)
ETHER:
IP: ----- IP Header -----
IP:
IP: Version = 4
IP: Header length = 20 bytes
IP: Type of service = 0x00
IP: xxx. .... = 0 (precedence)
IP: ...0 .... = normal delay
IP: .... 0... = normal throughput
IP: .... .0.. = normal reliability
IP: Total length = 55 bytes
IP: Identification = 14985
IP: Flags = 0x0
IP: .0.. .... = may fragment
IP: ..0. .... = last fragment
IP: Fragment offset = 0 bytes
IP: Time to live = 128 seconds/hops
IP: Protocol = 17 (UDP)
IP: Header checksum = ebf1
IP: Source address = 10.10.10.50, 10.10.10.50
- 5 -
IP: Destination address = 255.255.255.255, BROADCAST
IP: No options
IP:
UDP: ----- UDP Header -----
UDP:
UDP: Source port = 2541
UDP: Destination port = 177
UDP: Length = 35
UDP: Checksum = 8E35
UDP:
11．监听所有的NTP 协议包
# snoop |grep - i NTP
Using device /dev/hme (promiscuous mode)
ts1 ->; 224.0.1.1 NTP broadcast (Tue Jul 23 12:48:50 2002)
ts1 ->; 224.0.1.1 NTP broadcast (Tue Jul 23 12:49:54 2002)
ts1 ->; 224.0.1.1 NTP broadcast (Tue Jul 23 12:50:58 2002)
ts1 ->; 224.0.1.1 NTP broadcast (Tue Jul 23 12:52:02 2002)
ts1 ->; 224.0.1.1 NTP broadcast (Tue Jul 23 12:53:06 2002)
ts1 ->; 224.0.1.1 NTP broadcast (Tue Jul 23 12:54:10 2002)
这里我们也可看到NTP server 每隔约一分钟即向多播地址广播一次.
date
# date
2003年10月12日 星期日 10时04分16秒 CST
（CST是Chinese Standard Time的缩写）
# date 10121003 设置时间为10月12日10时03分
设备管理
软盘
#volcheck
fdformat [-dDeEfHlLmMUqvx] [-b label] [-B filename] [-t dos-
type] [devname] //格式化
prtconf
# prtconf //配置信息
System Configuration: Sun Microsystems i86pc
Memory size: 128 Megabytes //内存
System Peripherals (Software Nodes):
i86pc
+boot (driver not attached)
memory (driver not attached)
aliases (driver not attached)
chosen (driver not attached)
i86pc-memory (driver not attached)
i86pc-mmu (driver not attached)
openprom (driver not attached)
options, instance #0
packages (driver not attached)
delayed-writes (driver not attached)
itu-props (driver not attached)
isa, instance #0
motherboard (driver not attached)
asy, instance #0
asy, instance #1
lp (driver not attached)
fdc, instance #0
fd, instance #0
fd, instance #1 (driver not attached)
i8042, instance #0
keyboard, instance #0
mouse, instance #0
PNP0C02 (driver not attached)
PNP0C02 (driver not attached)
PNP0C02 (driver not attached)
bios (driver not attached)
bios (driver not attached)
bios (driver not attached)
pci, instance #0
pci15ad,1976 (driver not attached)
pci8086,7191 (driver not attached)
pci15ad,1976 (driver not attached)
pci-ide, instance #0
ide, instance #0
cmdk, instance #0
ide, instance #1
sd, instance #0
pci15ad,1976, instance #0
pci15ad,1976 (driver not attached)
display, instance #0
pci1022,2000, instance #0
pci1274,1371 (driver not attached)
used-resources (driver not attached)
objmgr, instance #0
cpus (driver not attached)
cpu, instance #0 (driver not attached)
pseudo, instance #0
#
# prtconf | grep Memory //查看内存
Memory size: 128 Megabytes
arch
# arch -k //了解体系结构
i86pc
uname
# uname -m
i86pc
# uname
SunOS
# uname -a
SunOS wing 5.9 Generic_112234-03 i86pc i386 i86pc
eject
#eject floppy
eeprom
#eeprom selftest -#megs=64 //修改系统自检到的内存数
sysdef
#sysdef //更详细的体系机构
df
# df -k //显示当前所有已安装的文件系统上的文件数目和空闲块的数目
文件系统 千字节 用了 可用 容量 挂接在
/dev/dsk/c0d0s0 63127 36143 20672 64% /
/dev/dsk/c0d0s6 1201014 768820 372144 68% /usr
/proc 0 0 0 0% /proc
mnttab 0 0 0 0% /etc/mnttab
fd 0 0 0 0% /dev/fd
/dev/dsk/c0d0s3 55047 25258 24285 51% /var
swap 651040 24 651016 1% /var/run
swap 651016 0 651016 0% /tmp
/dev/dsk/c0d0s5 24239 15 21801 1% /opt
/dev/dsk/c0d0s7 2691830 122 2637872 1% /export/home
/dev/dsk/c0d0s1 462639 306816 109560 74% /usr/openwin
# df -a //打印所有文件系统的信息
/ (/dev/dsk/c0d0s0 ): 53968 块 30100 文件
/usr (/dev/dsk/c0d0s6 ): 864388 块 261705 文件
/proc (/proc ): 0 块 1878 文件
/etc/mnttab (mnttab ): 0 块 0 文件
/dev/fd (fd ): 0 块 0 文件
/var (/dev/dsk/c0d0s3 ): 59578 块 25450 文件
/var/run (swap ): 1
本文来自ChinaUnix博客，如果查看原文请点：http://blog.chinaunix.net/u/4512/showart_153394.html |
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发表于 2006-08-09 22:23