Solaris系统管理员的常用命令

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SysAdmin Commands
Debugging
  truss executable
/* Trace doing of given command ( useful debugging ) */  
  truss -f -p  
/* Using multiple windows, this can be used to trace setuid/setgid programs */  
Arp, ethernet trouble shooting  
  arp -a .
/* Shows the ethernet address arp table */  
  arp -d myhost
/* Delete a stale ethernet entry for host myhost */  
Disk Commands  
  du -k .
/* Reports disk space used in Kilobytes */  
  du -sk .
/* Reports only total disk space used in Kilobytes */  
  du -sk *|sort -k1,1n
/* Reports total disk space used in Kilobytes in present directory */
  du -ad /var | sort -nr
/* Tells you how big the /var files are in reverse order */  
  fdformat -d -U
/* Format diskette */  
  /usr/bin/iostat -E
/* Command to display drives statistics */  
  /bin/mount -F hsfs -o ro /dev/sr0 /cdrom
/* Mount an ISO 9660 CDROM */  
  newfs -Nv /dev/rdsk/c0t0d0s1
/* To view the superfblocks available */  
  prtvtoc /dev/rdsk/c0t0d0s2
/* Disk geometry and partitioning info */  
  quot -af
/* How much space is used by users in kilobytes */  
Driver Parameters  
  ndd /dev/ip \?
/* Shows IP variables in the kernel */  
  ndd /dev/ip ip_forwarding
/* Tells you if forwarding is on (=1) */  
  ndd -set /dev/ip ip_forwarding 1
/* Enables IP forwarding between interfaces */  
File Manipulation  
  dos2unix | -ascii  
/* Converts DOS file formats to Unix */  
  split
/* Split files into pieces */  
  [vi] : %s/existing/new/g
/* Search and Replace text in vi */  
  [vi] :set nu
/* Set line numbers in vi */  
  [vi] :set ts=[num]
/* Set tab stops in vi */  
File System  
  cat /dev/null > filename
/* Zero's out the file without breaking pipe */  
  dd if=/dev/rdsk/... of=/dev/rdsk/... bs=4096
/* Make a mirror image of your boot disk */  
  df -k | grep dg| awk '{print $6}' |xargs -n 1 umount
/* Unmount all file systems in disk group dg */  
  fsck -F ufs /dev/rdsk/c0t0d0s0
/* Check a UFS filesystem on c0t0d0s0 */  
  fsck -F ufs -y /dev/rdsk/c0t0d0s0
/* Check answering yes to all questions */  
  fsck -F ufs -o b=97472 /dev/rdsk/c0t0d0s0
/* Check using an alternate super block */  
  gzip -dc file1.tar.gz | tar xf -
/* Unpack .tar.gz files in place */  
  gzip -d -c tarball.tgz | (cd /[dir];tar xf - ) &
/* Unpacking tarballs to diff location */  
  ln [-fhns]   
/* Creating hard links and soft links */  
  ls -la | awk '{ print $5,"    ",$9 }' | sort -rn
/* File sizes of current directory */  
  mount -f pcfs /dev/dsk/c0d0p1 /export/dos
/* Mount DOS fdisk partition from Solaris */  
  mount -F ufs -o rw,remount /
/* Used to remount root to make it writeable */  
  mount -o remount,logging /spare
/* Re-mount the ro file system rw and turn on ufs logging */  
  pax -rw . /newdir
/* Efficient alternative for copying directories */  
  prtvtoc /dev/rdsk/c0t0d0s2 | fmthard -s - /dev/rdsk/c0t1d0s2
/* Cloning Partitiontables */  
  tar cvf filename.tar
/* Create a tape (tar) archive */  
  tar xvf filename.tar
/* Extract a tape (tar) archive */  
  tar cf - . | (cd /newdir ; tar xf -)
/* Recursively copy files and their permissions */  
  /sbin/uadmin x x
/* Syncs File Systems and Reboots systems fast */  
  zcat [cpio file] | cpio -itmv
/* Show the contents of a compressed cpio */  
  zcat ; echo ${FQ_FILENAME%/*}
/* Extract directory from fully-qualified file name. */  
  mailx -H -u  
/* List out mail headers for specified user */  
  set filec
/* Set file-completion for csh */  
  uuencode [filename] [filename] | mailx -s "Subject" [user to mail]
/* Send files as attachments */  
Hardware  
  cfgadm
/* Verify reconfigurable hardware resources */  
  m64config -prconf
/* Print M64 hardware configuration */  
  m64config -depth 8|24
/* Sets the screen depth of your M64 graphics accelerator */  
  m64config -res 'video_mode'
/* Change the resolution of your M64 graphics accelerator */  
Kernel  
  /usr/sbin/modinfo
/* Display kernel module information */  
  /usr/sbin/modload  
/* Load a kernel module */  
  /usr/sbin/modunload -i  
/* Unload a kernel module */  
  nm -x /dev/ksyms | grep OBJ | more
/* Tuneable kernel parameters */  
  /usr/sbin/sysdef
/* Show system kernal tunable details */  
Memory  
  prtconf | grep Mem
/* Display Memory Size */  
Network Information  
  ndd /dev/arp arp_cache_report
/* Prints ARP table in cache with IP and MAC address */  
  netstat -a | grep EST | wc -l
/* Displays number active established connections to the localhost */  
  netstat -k hme0
/* Undocumented netstat command */  
  netstat -i
/* Show the TCP/IP network interfaces */  
  netstat -np
/* Similar to arp -a without name resolution */  
  netstat -r
/* Show network route table */  
  netstat -rn
/* Displays routing information but bypasses hostname lookup. */  
  netstat -a | more
/* Show the state of all sockets */  
  traceroute  
/* Follow the route to the ipaddress */  
Network/Tuning  
  ifconfig eth0 mtu 1500
/* Change MTU of interface */  
  ifconfig eth0 10.1.1.1 netmask 255.255.255.255
/* Add an Interface */  
  /sbin/ifconfig hme0:1 inet 10.210.xx.xxx netmask 255.255.0.0 broadcast 10.210.xxx.xxx
/* Virtual Interfaces */  
  /sbin/ifconfig hme0:1 up
/* Bring virtual interface up */  
  /usr/sbin/ndd -set /dev/hme adv_100fdx_cap 1
/* Nailling to 100Mbps */  
  ndd -set /dev/ip ip_addrs_per_if 1-8192
/* To set more than 256 virtual ip addresses. */  
  ndd -set /dev/tcp tcp_xmit_hiwat 65535
/* Increase TCP-transmitbuffers */  
  ndd -set /dev/tcp tcp_recv_hiwat 65535
/* Increase TCP-receivebuffers */  
Processes  
  fuser -uc /var
/* Processes that are running from /var */  
  kill -HUP `ps -ef | grep [p]roccess | awk '{print $2}'`
/* HUP any related process in one step */  
  lsof -i TCP:25
/* Mapping port with process */  
  pfiles  
/* Shows processes' current open files */  
  pkill -n  
/* Kill a process by name */  
  kill `ps -ef | grep program_name | grep -v grep | cut -f8 -d ' '`
/* pkill for solaris 2.6 */  
  prstat -a
/* An alternative for top command */  
  /usr/ucb/ps -aux | more
/* Displays CPU % usage for each process in ascending order */  
  /usr/ucb/ps -auxww | grep  
/* Gives the full listing of the process (long listing) */  
  ps -ef | grep -i  | awk '{ print $2 }'
/* Creates list of running PID by */  
  ps -ef | grep -v "0:00" | more
/* Gives you a list of any process with CPU time more than 0:00 */  
  ps -ef | more
/* Show all processes running */  
  ps -eo pid,args
/* List processes in simplified format */  
  ps -fu oracle|grep pmon
/* See which instances of Oracle are running */  
  /usr/proc/bin/ptree  
/* Print the parent/child process 'tree' of a process */  
  /usr/proc/bin/pwdx  
/* Print the working directory of a process */  
  top -b 1
/* Returns the process utilizing the most cpu and quits */  
Resource Management  
  /usr/bin/ldd [filename]
/* List the dynamic dependencies of executable files */  
  /usr/proc/bin/pmap pid
/* Report address space map a process occupies */  
Route Configuration  
  route add net 128.50.0.0 128.50.1.6 1
/* Adds route to 128.50 network via 128.50.1.6 */  
  route change 128.50.0.0 128.50.1.5
/* Changes the destination address for a route */  
  route delete net 128.50.0.0 128.50.1.6
/* Deletes route to 128.50 network */  
  route get [hostname]
/* Which interface will be used to contact hostname */  
  route monitor
/* Monitors traffic to the routes */  
  route flush
/* Removes all entries in the route table */  
Searching Items  
  egrep "patterna|patternb"  
/* Search for multiple patterns within the same file */  
  find . -exec egrep -li "str" {} \;
/* Find a string in files starting cwd */  
  find / -fstype nfs -prune -o fstype autofs -prune -o -name filename -print
/* Find without traversing NFS mounted file systems */  
  find . -mtime -1 -type f
/* Find recently modified files */
  
  find / -mtime  
/* Find files modified during the past # of days */
  find . ! -mtime - | /usr/bin/xargs rm -rf
/* Finds and removes files older than  specified */  
  find . -type f -exec grep "" {} \; -print
/* Find files (and content) containing  within directory tree */  
  find . -type f -exec grep -l "" {} \;
/* Find filenames containing  within directory tree */  
  find . -type f -print | xargs grep -i [PATTERN]
/* Recursive grep on files */  
  find / -user  
/* Find all files owned by  */  
  find / | grep [file mask]
/* Fast way to search for files */  
  find  -name "" -exec rm -rf {} \;
/* Recursively finds files by name and automatically removes them */  
  find /proc/*/fd -links 0 -type f -size +2000 -ls
/* Find large files held open by a process */  
  ls -lR | grep  
/* Fast alternative to find */  
Security  
  echo 'Please go away' > /etc/nologin
/* Stops users logging in */  
  find / -perm -0777 -type d -ls
/* Find all your writable directories */  
  find / -type f -perm -2000 -print
/* Find all SGID files */  
  find / -type f -perm -4000 -print
/* find all SUID files */  
Set Terminal Options  
  stty erase ^H
/* Sets the Backspace Key to erase */  
  stty erase ^?
/* Sets the Delete Key to erase */  
  stty sane
/* Rreset terminal after viewing a binary file. */  
  tput rmacs
/* Reset to standard char set */  
Snoop Your Network  
  snoop -d pcelx0
/* Watch all network packets on device pcelx0 */  
  snoop -o /tmp/mylog pcelx0
/* Saves packets from device pcelx0 to a file */  
  snoop -i /tmp/mylog host1 host2
/* View packets from logfile between host1 & host2 */  
  snoop -i /tmp/mylog -v -p101
/* Show all info on packet number 101 from a logfile */  
  snoop -i /tmp/mylog -o /tmp/newlog host1
/* Write a new logfile with all host1 packets */  
  snoop -s 120
/* Return the first 120 bytes in the packet header */  
  snoop -v arp
/* Capture arp broadcasts on your network */  
Swap File  
  mkfile -v 10m /export/disk1/myswap
/* Makes a 10 Megabyte swapfile in /export/disk */  
  mkfile -nv 10m /export/disk1/myswap
/* Makes an empty 10 Megabyte swapfile */  
Swap Space  
  swap -s
/* List the amount of swap space available, also see mkfile */  
  swap -a /export/disk1/swapfile
/* Add a swapfile */  
  swap -d /dev/dsk/c0t0d0s4
/* Deletes a swap device */  
  swap -l
/* List the current swap devices */  
System Configuration  
  drvconfig ; disks
/* Adding hot-plug disks to system */  
  /usr/sbin/eeprom auto-boot? false
/* Changes eeprom autoboot? setting without going to Ok prompt */  
  /usr/sbin/eeprom diag-switch? true
/* Set the system to perform diagnostics on the next reboot. */  
  /usr/sbin/eeprom local-mac-address?=true
/* Multiple Port Network Card Setting */  
  /usr/sbin/grpck
/* Check /etc/group file syntax */  
  /usr/sbin/pwck
/* Check /etc/passwd file syntax */  
  /usr/sbin/sys-unconfig
/* Clear host specific network configuration information */  
System Information and Monitoring  
  coreadm -e log
/* Report global core */  
  /bin/echo "0t${stamp}>Y\n
/* Provides cumulative system report. */  
  sar -a  
/* Report use of file access system routines. */  
  sar -u
/* Report CPU Utilization */  
  telnet  13 | grep ':'
/* Get the time on remote Unix machine */  
  uname -a
/* Displays system information */  
  vmstat 10
/* Displays summary of what the system is doing every 10 seconds */  
  who -b
/* Displays the date of the last system reboot. */  
  ypcat hosts | sort -n -t. +0 -1 +1 -2 +2 -3 +3 -4
/* Take the input of "ypcat hosts" or "cat /etc/inet/hosts" and sort by IP. */  

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