Solaris中文命令参照手册(4)--转

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引导和启动过程、ok模式  
#shutdown  
#reboot  
#init 0  
#boot -r  
ok setenv boot-device disk //将默认的启动设备改为disk  
boot-device = disk  
ok printenv boot-device //验正启动设备  
boot-device disk disk  
ok reset  
ok test net //测试回路网络设备  
ok watch-clock //测试时钟设备  
ok boot -r //重新引导系统  
ok boot net //从网络启动  
ok boot cdrom //从光盘启动  
ok boot floppy //从软盘启动  
ok boot tape //从磁带引导系统  
ok watch-net //检查网络是否联通  
ok probe-scsi //检查系统检测出的所有磁盘设备，并得到可用的设备列表  
ok banner //检测内存、系统固件的openboot版本信息  
ok boot -s //进入单用户模式  
#reboot -l -- -r //重新引导不在系统日记里记录  
#shutdown - i 0 -g 120 -y  
#sync;init 0  
#traceroute www.abc.com  
wall  
#wall  
init  
#init q //重新初始化运行级别  
#init 0 //硬件维护模式  
#init 1 //单用户模式  
#init 2 //NFS不可用  
#init 3 //NFS可用  
#init 4 //用户定义状态  
#init 5 //关闭系统电源  
#init 6 //挂起操作系统  
#init s //进入管理状态  
网络配置  
etc/hostname.interface //是这块网卡的名字或机器的名字  
# cat hostname.pcn0  
wing  
# cat hosts  
#  
# Internet host table  
#  
127.0.0.1 localhost  
192.168.0.11 wing  
# hostname  
wing  
# cat netmasks  
192.168.0.0 255.255.255.0  
＃ifconfig le0 172.16.255.1 netmask 255.255.255.0  
配置网络端口状态  
＃ifconfig le0 up/down  
配置网络端口是否可用  
＃ifconfig le0 plumb/unplumb  
#ifconfig -a 这个地址只有root用户使用时才显示。如果一个非root用户使用ifconfig命令，那么只有IP地址  
# ifconfig -a  
lo0: flags=1000849 mtu 8232 index 1  
inet 127.0.0.1 netmask ff000000  
hme0: flags=1000843 mtu 1500 index 2  
inet 192.168.10.25 netmask ffffff00 broadcast 192.168.10.255  
ether 8:0:20:a2:11:de  
#  
#ifconfig le0 192.168.0.3 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.0.255 up  
banner  
你也可以在系统还没有启动时在ok提示符下敲入banner来找到MAC地址,CPU 型号和频率。  
ok banner  
un Ultra 5/10 UPA/PCI (UltraSPARC-IIi 300MHz), Keyboard Present  
OpenBoot 3.1.1 64 MB memory installed, Serial #9361102.  
Ethernet address 8:0:20:8e:d6:ce, HostID: 808ed6ce.  
# arp -a //登陆用户  
Net to Media Table: IPv4  
Device IP Address Mask Flags Phys Addr  
------ -------------------- --------------- ----- ---------------  
pcn0 192.168.0.1 255.255.255.255 00:03:0f:fd:6d:0c  
pcn0 wing 255.255.255.255 SP 00:0c:29:19:a1:54  
pcn0 224.0.0.0 240.0.0.0 SM 01:00:5e:00:00:00  
# netstat // 网络状态  
TCP: IPv4  
Local Address Remote Address Swind Send-Q Rwind Recv-Q State  
-------------------- -------------------- ----- ------ ----- ------ -------  
wing.telnet 192.168.0.1.1030 7168 0 66608 0 ESTABLISHED  
wing.telnet 192.168.0.1.1032 6253 1 66608 0 ESTABLISHED  
Active UNIX domain sockets  
Address Type Vnode Conn Local Addr Remote Addr  
df187cc0 stream-ord dee4c1c0 00000000 /tmp/.X11-unix/X0  
df187de8 stream-ord 00000000 00000000  
#  
# netstat -r //查看路由表  
Routing Table: IPv4  
Destination Gateway Flags Ref Use Interface  
-------------------- -------------------- ----- ----- ------ ---------  
192.168.0.0 wing U 1 3 pcn0  
224.0.0.0 wing U 1 0 pcn0  
default wing UG 1 0  
localhost localhost UH 2 6 lo0  
# netstat -g  
Group Memberships: IPv4  
Interface Group RefCnt  
--------- -------------------- ------  
lo0 224.0.0.1 1  
pcn0 224.0.0.1 1  
# netstat -p  
Net to Media Table: IPv4  
Device IP Address Mask Flags Phys Addr  
------ -------------------- --------------- ----- ---------------  
pcn0 192.168.0.1 255.255.255.255 00:03:0f:fd:6d:0c  
pcn0 solaris9 255.255.255.255 SP 00:0c:29:80:4c:0a  
pcn0 224.0.0.0 240.0.0.0 SM 01:00:5e:00:00:00  
#  
# netstat -s  
RAWIP  
rawipInDatagrams = 0 rawipInErrors = 0  
rawipInCksumErrs = 0 rawipOutDatagrams = 0  
rawipOutErrors = 0  
UDP  
udpInDatagrams = 923 udpInErrors = 0  
udpOutDatagrams = 928 udpOutErrors = 0  
TCP tcpRtoAlgorithm = 4 tcpRtoMin = 400  
tcpRtoMax = 60000 tcpMaxConn = -1  
tcpActiveOpens = 18 tcpPassiveOpens = 21  
tcpAttemptFails = 0 tcpEstabResets = 0  
tcpCurrEstab = 31 tcpOutSegs = 715  
tcpOutDataSegs = 524 tcpOutDataBytes = 52210  
tcpRetransSegs = 0 tcpRetransBytes = 0  
tcpOutAck = 191 tcpOutAckDelayed = 90  
tcpOutUrg = 0 tcpOutWinUpdate = 0  
tcpOutWinProbe = 0 tcpOutControl = 47  
tcpOutRsts = 0 tcpOutFastRetrans = 0  
tcpInSegs = 925  
tcpInAckSegs = 505 tcpInAckBytes = 52216  
tcpInDupAck = 7 tcpInAckUnsent = 0  
tcpInInorderSegs = 524 tcpInInorderBytes = 45645  
tcpInUnorderSegs = 0 tcpInUnorderBytes = 0  
tcpInDupSegs = 0 tcpInDupBytes = 0  
tcpInPartDupSegs = 0 tcpInPartDupBytes = 0  
tcpInPastWinSegs = 0 tcpInPastWinBytes = 0  
tcpInWinProbe = 0 tcpInWinUpdate = 0  
tcpInClosed = 0 tcpRttNoUpdate = 0  
tcpRttUpdate = 497 tcpTimRetrans = 0  
tcpTimRetransDrop = 0 tcpTimKeepalive = 0  
tcpTimKeepaliveProbe= 0 tcpTimKeepaliveDrop = 0  
tcpListenDrop = 0 tcpListenDropQ0 = 0  
tcpHalfOpenDrop = 0 tcpOutSackRetrans = 0  
IPv4 ipForwarding = 2 ipDefaultTTL = 255  
ipInReceives = 422 ipInHdrErrors = 0  
ipInAddrErrors = 0 ipInCksumErrs = 0  
ipForwDatagrams = 0 ipForwProhibits = 0
ipInUnknownProtos = 0 ipInDiscards = 0  
ipInDelivers = 1832 ipOutRequests = 265  
ipOutDiscards = 0 ipOutNoRoutes = 0  
ipReasmTimeout = 60 ipReasmReqds = 0  
ipReasmOKs = 0 ipReasmFails = 0  
ipReasmDuplicates = 0 ipReasmPartDups = 0  
ipFragOKs = 0 ipFragFails = 0  
ipFragCreates = 0 ipRoutingDiscards = 0  
tcpInErrs = 0 udpNoPorts = 20  
udpInCksumErrs = 0 udpInOverflows = 0  
rawipInOverflows = 0 ipsecInSucceeded = 0  
ipsecInFailed = 0 ipInIPv6 = 0  
ipOutIPv6 = 0 ipOutSwitchIPv6 = 8  
IPv6 ipv6Forwarding = 2 ipv6DefaultHopLimit = 255  
ipv6InReceives = 0 ipv6InHdrErrors = 0  
ipv6InTooBigErrors = 0 ipv6InNoRoutes = 0  
ipv6InAddrErrors = 0 ipv6InUnknownProtos = 0  
ipv6InTruncatedPkts = 0 ipv6InDiscards = 0  
ipv6InDelivers = 0 ipv6OutForwDatagrams= 0  
ipv6OutRequests = 0 ipv6OutDiscards = 0  
ipv6OutNoRoutes = 0 ipv6OutFragOKs = 0  
ipv6OutFragFails = 0 ipv6OutFragCreates = 0  
ipv6ReasmReqds = 0 ipv6ReasmOKs = 0  
ipv6ReasmFails = 0 ipv6InMcastPkts = 0  
ipv6OutMcastPkts = 0 ipv6ReasmDuplicates = 0  
ipv6ReasmPartDups = 0 ipv6ForwProhibits = 0  
udpInCksumErrs = 0 udpInOverflows = 0  
rawipInOverflows = 0 ipv6InIPv4 = 0  
ipv6OutIPv4 = 0 ipv6OutSwitchIPv4 = 0  
ICMPv4 icmpInMsgs = 5 icmpInErrors = 0  
icmpInCksumErrs = 0 icmpInUnknowns = 0  
icmpInDestUnreachs = 5 icmpInTimeExcds = 0  
icmpInParmProbs = 0 icmpInSrcQuenchs = 0  
icmpInRedirects = 0 icmpInBadRedirects = 0  
icmpInEchos = 0 icmpInEchoReps = 0  
icmpInTimestamps = 0 icmpInTimestampReps = 0  
icmpInAddrMasks = 0 icmpInAddrMaskReps = 0  
icmpInFragNeeded = 0 icmpOutMsgs = 5  
icmpOutDrops = 0 icmpOutErrors = 0  
icmpOutDestUnreachs = 5 icmpOutTimeExcds = 0  
icmpOutParmProbs = 0 icmpOutSrcQuenchs = 0  
icmpOutRedirects = 0 icmpOutEchos = 0  
icmpOutEchoReps = 0 icmpOutTimestamps = 0  
icmpOutTimestampReps= 0 icmpOutAddrMasks = 0  
icmpOutAddrMaskReps = 0 icmpOutFragNeeded = 0  
icmpInOverflows = 0  
ICMPv6 icmp6InMsgs = 0 icmp6InErrors = 0  
icmp6InDestUnreachs = 0 icmp6InAdminProhibs = 0  
icmp6InTimeExcds = 0 icmp6InParmProblems = 0  
icmp6InPktTooBigs = 0 icmp6InEchos = 0  
icmp6InEchoReplies = 0 icmp6InRouterSols = 0  
icmp6InRouterAds = 0 icmp6InNeighborSols = 0  
icmp6InNeighborAds = 0 icmp6InRedirects = 0  
icmp6InBadRedirects = 0 icmp6InGroupQueries = 0  
icmp6InGroupResps = 0 icmp6InGroupReds = 0  
icmp6InOverflows = 0  
icmp6OutMsgs = 0 icmp6OutErrors = 0  
icmp6OutDestUnreachs= 0 icmp6OutAdminProhibs= 0  
icmp6OutTimeExcds = 0 icmp6OutParmProblems= 0  
icmp6OutPktTooBigs = 0 icmp6OutEchos = 0  
icmp6OutEchoReplies = 0 icmp6OutRouterSols = 0  
icmp6OutRouterAds = 0 icmp6OutNeighborSols= 0  
icmp6OutNeighborAds = 0 icmp6OutRedirects = 0  
icmp6OutGroupQueries= 0 icmp6OutGroupResps = 0  
icmp6OutGroupReds = 0  
IGMP:  
0 messages received  
0 messages received with too few bytes  
0 messages received with bad checksum  
0 membership queries received  
0 membership queries received with invalid field(s)  
0 membership reports received  
0 membership reports received with invalid field(s)  
0 membership reports received for groups to which we belong  
0 membership reports sent  
# netstat -M  
Virtual Interface Table is empty  
Multicast Forwarding Cache is empty  
#  
# netstat -r //网络接口状态  
Routing Table: IPv4  
Destination Gateway Flags Ref Use Interface  
-------------------- -------------------- ----- ----- ------ ---------  
192.168.0.0 solaris9 U 1 1 pcn0  
192.168.0.0 address2 U 1 0 pcn0:1  
224.0.0.0 solaris9 U 1 0 pcn0  
default 192.168.0.1 UG 1 0  
localhost localhost UH 2 6 lo0  
# netstat -rn  
Routing Table: IPv4  
Destination Gateway Flags Ref Use Interface  
-------------------- -------------------- ----- ----- ------ ---------  
192.168.0.0 192.168.0.3 U 1 1 pcn0  
192.168.0.0 192.168.0.5 U 1 0 pcn0:1  
224.0.0.0 192.168.0.3 U 1 0 pcn0  
default 192.168.0.1 UG 1 0  
127.0.0.1 127.0.0.1 UH 2 6 lo0  
#  
# netstat -i 1 5  
input pcn0 output input (Total) output  
packets errs packets errs colls packets errs packets errs colls  
1187 0 1318 0 0 3699 0 3830 0 0  
4 0 4 0 0 4 0 4 0 0  
3 0 3 0 0 5 0 5 0 0  
4 0 4 0 0 4 0 4 0 0  
3 0 4 0 0 5 0 6 0 0  
#  
snoop  
# snoop -c 3 //抓取3IP包  
Using device /dev/pcn0 (promiscuous mode)  
192.168.0.1 -> solaris9 TELNET C port=3013  
solaris9 -> 192.168.0.1 TELNET R port=3013 Using device /dev/pc  
192.168.0.1 -> solaris9 TELNET C port=3013  
3 packets captured  
#  
# snoop -v -c 2 //抓取两个详细的IP包。  
Using device /dev/pcn0 (promiscuous mode)  
ETHER: ----- Ether Header -----  
ETHER:  
ETHER: Packet 1 arrived at 1:43:41.42  
ETHER: Packet size = 60 bytes  
ETHER: Destination = 0:c:29:80:4c:a,  
ETHER: Source = 0:3:f:fd:6d:c,  
ETHER: Ethertype = 0800 (IP)  
ETHER:  
IP: ----- IP Header -----  
IP:  
IP: Version = 4  
IP: Header length = 20 bytes  
IP: Type of service = 0x00  
IP: xxx. .... = 0 (precedence)  
IP: ...0 .... = normal delay  
IP: .... 0... = normal throughput  
IP: .... .0.. = normal reliability  
IP: .... ..0. = not ECN capable transport  
IP: .... ...0 = no ECN congestion experienced  
IP: Total length = 40 bytes  
IP: Identification = 1627  
IP: Flags = 0x4  
IP: .1.. .... = do not fragment  
IP: ..0. .... = last fragment  
IP: Fragment offset = 0 bytes  
IP: Time to live = 128 seconds/hops  
IP: Protocol = 6 (TCP)  
IP: Header checksum = 7320  
IP: Source address = 192.168.0.1, 192.168.0.1  
IP: Destination address = 192.168.0.3, solaris9  
IP: No options  
IP:  
TCP: ----- TCP Header -----  
TCP:  
TCP: Source port = 3013  
TCP: Destination port = 23 (TELNET)  
TCP: Sequence number = 769864152  
TCP: Acknowledgement number = 52297913  
TCP: Data offset = 20 bytes  
TCP: Flags = 0x10  
TCP: 0... .... = No ECN congestion window reduced  
TCP: .0.. .... = No ECN echo  
TCP: ..0. .... = No urgent pointer  
TCP: ...1 .... = Acknowledgement  
TCP: .... 0... = No push  
TCP: .... .0.. = No reset  
TCP: .... ..0. = No Syn  
TCP: .... ...0 = No Fin  
TCP: Window = 17292  
TCP: Checksum = 0x7b85  
TCP: Urgent pointer = 0  
TCP: No options  
TCP:  
TELNET: ----- TELNET: -----  
TELNET:  
TELNET: ""  
TELNET:  
ETHER: ----- Ether Header -----  
ETHER:  
ETHER: Packet 2 arrived at 1:43:41.42  
ETHER: Packet size = 97 bytes  
ETHER: Destination = 0:3:f:fd:6d:c,  
ETHER: Source = 0:c:29:80:4c:a,  
ETHER: Ethertype = 0800 (IP)  
ETHER:  
IP: ----- IP Header -----  
IP:  
IP: Version = 4  
IP: Header length = 20 bytes  
IP: Type of service = 0x00  
IP: xxx. .... = 0 (precedence)  
IP: ...0 .... = normal delay  
IP: .... 0... = normal throughput  
IP: .... .0.. = normal reliability  
IP: .... ..0. = not ECN capable transport  
IP: .... ...0 = no ECN congestion experienced  
IP: Total length = 83 bytes  
IP: Identification = 50744  
IP: Flags = 0x4  
IP: .1.. .... = do not fragment  
IP: ..0. .... = last fragment  
IP: Fragment offset = 0 bytes  
IP: Time to live = 60 seconds/hops  
IP: Protocol = 6 (TCP)  
IP: Header checksum = f717  
IP: Source address = 192.168.0.3, solaris9  
IP: Destination address = 192.168.0.1, 192.168.0.1  
IP: No options  
IP:  
TCP: ----- TCP Header -----  
TCP:  
TCP: Source port = 23  
TCP: Destination port = 3013  
TCP: Sequence number = 52297913  
TCP: Acknowledgement number = 769864152  
TCP: Data offset = 20 bytes  
TCP: Flags = 0x18  
TCP: 0... .... = No ECN congestion window reduced  
TCP: .0.. .... = No ECN echo  
TCP: ..0. .... = No urgent pointer  
TCP: ...1 .... = Acknowledgement  
TCP: .... 1... = Push  
TCP: .... .0.. = No reset  
TCP: .... ..0. = No Syn  
TCP: .... ...0 = No Fin  
TCP: Window = 64240  
TCP: Checksum = 0xd1f6  
TCP: Urgent pointer = 0  
TCP: No options  
TCP:  
TELNET: ----- TELNET: -----  
TELNET:  
TELNET: "Using device /dev/pcn0 (promiscuous mode)/r/n"  
TELNET:  
2 packets captured  
#  
# snoop host1 host2  
host1 -> host2 ICMP Echo request  
host2 -> host1 ICMP Echo reply  
使用snoop实用程序判定系统间实际上传送的什么信，判断网络畅通  
# snoop -a dhcp
               
               
               

本文来自ChinaUnix博客，如果查看原文请点：http://blog.chinaunix.net/u/16464/showart_351603.html