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#################
#
# 环境
#
#################
OS: debian-lenny-501-i386
http patch : /data/www/
mirror pathc : /data/www/debian/
tftp pathc : /var/lib/tftpboot
pre.cfg 参考
http://www.debian.org/releases/stable/i386/apbs04.html.zh_CN
#################
#
# 注意事项
#
#################
# UDP69端口冲突
UDP69 端口默认为 inetutils-inetd 服务所占 与 tftpd-hpa 冲突 所以先关掉 inetutils-inetd 在开启 tftpd-hpa 用了lsof -i:69 验证
# 因 dhcp 而重获得IP，是服务中断
因 dhclient3 开启 可自动获得IP 而使安装过程报错中断 把本机 dhclient3 关掉 用 lsof -i:68 验证
kill $(lsof -i:68 |sed -n '/^dhclient3/p' |awk '{print $2}')
#################
#
# HTTPd
#
#################
aptitude install apache2 # Apache HTTP Server metapackage
# 默认配置文件 "/etc/apache2/sites-available/default"
# 默认文件路径 "/var/www/"
# 改为 "/data/www/"
--------------------------------------------------------------------
cd /etc/apache2/sites-available/
mv default default.bak
cat default.bak |sed 's;/data/www/;/huxin/www/;g' > default
rm -fr default.bak
#################
#
# TFTPd
#
#################
aptitude isntall tftp-hpa # HPA's tftp client
aptitude install tfptd-hpa # HPA's tftp server
# 安装完后，系统自动添加
more /etc/inetd.conf
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
tftp dgram udp wait root /usr/sbin/in.tftpd /usr/sbin/in.tftpd -s /var/lib/tftpboot
vim /etc/default/tftpd-hpa
--------------------------------------
#Defaults for tftpd-hpa
RUN_DAEMON="yes" # 原由no,改为yes
OPTIONS="-l -s /var/lib/tftpboot"
/etc/init.d/tftpd-hpa start # 开启 TFPTd服务
netstat -unl
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Active Internet connections (only servers)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State
udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:69 0.0.0.0:*
lenny:~# lsof -i:69
--------------------------------------------------------------
COMMAND PID USER FD TYPE DEVICE SIZE NODE NAME
in.tftpd 2876 root 4u IPv4 8410 UDP *:tftp
cd /var/lib/tftpboot
touch test
cd ~
tftp -v localhost
Connected to localhost (127.0.0.1), port 69
tftp> get test
getting from localhost:test to test [netascii]
ls
test # 测试成功
#################
#
# DHCPd
#
#################
aptitude install dhcp3-server # DHCP server for automatic IP address assignment
cp /etc/dhcp3/dhcpd.conf /etc/dhcp3/dhcpd.conf.bak
vim /etc/dhcp3/dhcpd.conf
-------------------------------------------------------
ddns-update-style none;
filename "/pxelinux.0";
allow booting;
allow bootp;
default-lease-time 600;
max-lease-time 7200;
subnet 192.168.13.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {
range 192.168.13.100 192.168.13.150;
option subnet-mask 255.255.255.0;
option broadcast-address 192.168.13.255;
option routers 192.168.13.1;
option domain-name-servers 192.168.5.233;
option domain-name "debian.com";
option host-name "debian";
next-server 192.168.13.1;
}
--------------------------------------------------------
/etc/init.d/dhcp3-server start
netstat -unt
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State
udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:67 0.0.0.0:*
lsof -i:67
-----------------------------------------------------------
COMMAND PID USER FD TYPE DEVICE SIZE NODE NAME
dhcpd3 3213 root 5u IPv4 9423 UDP *:bootps
#####################
#
# 启动文件
#
#####################
cd /var/lib/tftpboot
wget
http://202.108.12.69/debian/dists/lenny/main/installer-i386/current/images/netboot/netboot.tar.gz
tar zxvf netboot.tar.gz
vim /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
DISPLAY debian-installer/i386/boot-screens/boot.txt
F1 debian-installer/i386/boot-screens/f1.txt
F2 debian-installer/i386/boot-screens/f2.txt
F3 debian-installer/i386/boot-screens/f3.txt
F4 debian-installer/i386/boot-screens/f4.txt
F5 debian-installer/i386/boot-screens/f5.txt
F6 debian-installer/i386/boot-screens/f6.txt
F7 debian-installer/i386/boot-screens/f7.txt
F8 debian-installer/i386/boot-screens/f8.txt
F9 debian-installer/i386/boot-screens/f9.txt
F0 debian-installer/i386/boot-screens/f10.txt
DEFAULT install
LABEL install
kernel debian-installer/i386/linux
append initrd=debian-installer/i386/initrd.gz ramdisk_size=12094 root=/dev/ram rw preseed/url=http://192.168.13.1/pre.cfg de
bian-installer/locale=en_US console-keymaps-at/keymap=us netcfg/choose_interface=auto netcfg/get_hostname=hh netcfg/get_domain=dd --
LABEL linux
kernel debian-installer/i386/linux
append vga=normal initrd=debian-installer/i386/initrd.gz --
LABEL expert
kernel debian-installer/i386/linux
append priority=low vga=normal initrd=debian-installer/i386/initrd.gz --
LABEL rescue
kernel debian-installer/i386/linux
append vga=normal initrd=debian-installer/i386/initrd.gz rescue/enable=true --
LABEL auto
kernel debian-installer/i386/linux
append auto=true priority=critical vga=normal initrd=debian-installer/i386/initrd.gz --
PROMPT 1
TIMEOUT 1
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#####################
#
# 本地源
#
#####################
# Pacekage_PATH: dists/lenny/main/binary-i386/Packages
# debs_PATH: /data/www/debian/pool/
###############
# 下载 .udeb
# 生成udeb的 dists pool 文件夹
cd /data/www/debian/
aptitude -y install debmirror
debmirror -v \
-e http \
-a i386 \
-d lenny \
-s main/debian-installer \
-h 202.108.12.69 \
--ignore-missing-release \
--ignore-release-gpg \
--nosource \
/data/www/debian/
# Downloaded 38 MiB in 1310s at 29.5 kiB/s
# Everything OK. Moving meta files.
# Cleanup mirror.
# All done.
###############
# 下载 .deb
# 预安装此包
aptitude -y install openssh-server build-essential
cd /data/www/debian
# 以安装的deb包列表
dpkg -l |sed -n '/^ii /p' | awk '{print "/"$2"_"}' > dpkg_list.txt| awk '{print "/"$2"_"}' > dpkg_list.txt
# deb包下载列表
wget
http://202.108.12.69/debian/dists/lenny/main/binary-i386/Packages.bz2
bunzip2 Packages.bz2
grep -f dpkg_list.txt Packages \
| sed -n '/^Filename: /p' \
| sed 's/Filename: /http:\/\/202.108.12.69\/debian\//g'> deb.i386.list
echo 'http://202.108.12.69/debian/pool/main/l/linux-2.6/linux-image-2.6.26-1-686_2.6.26-13_i386.deb'>> deb.i386.list
cd /data/www/debian/pool
wget -x -nH --cut-dirs=2 -i ../deb.i386.list
# FINISHED --2009-08-18 11:38:39--
# Downloaded: 241 files, 105M in 47s (2.21 MB/s)
###################
# 完善 Packages
cd /data/www/debian/dists/ && ln -s lenny stable
mkdir -p /data/www/debian/dists/lenny/main/binary-i386
cd /data/www/debian/dists/lenny/main/binary-i386
wget
http://202.108.12.69/debian/dists/lenny/main/binary-i386/Packages.bz2
wget
http://202.108.12.69/debian/dists/lenny/main/binary-i386/Packages.gz
wget
http://202.108.12.69/debian/dists/lenny/main/binary-i386/Release
#####################
#
# pre.cfg
#
#####################
# 参考
http://www.debian.org/releases/stable/i386/apbs04.html.zh_CN
vim /data/www/pre.cfg
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#### Contents of the preconfiguration file (for lenny)
### Localization
# Locale sets language and country.
d-i debian-installer/locale string en_US
# Keyboard selection.
#d-i console-tools/archs select at
d-i console-keymaps-at/keymap select us
# Example for a different keyboard architecture
#d-i console-keymaps-usb/keymap select mac-usb-us
### Network configuration
# netcfg will choose an interface that has link if possible. This makes it
# skip displaying a list if there is more than one interface.
d-i netcfg/choose_interface select auto
# To pick a particular interface instead:
#d-i netcfg/choose_interface select eth1
# If you have a slow dhcp server and the installer times out waiting for
# it, this might be useful.
#d-i netcfg/dhcp_timeout string 60
# If you prefer to configure the network manually, uncomment this line and
# the static network configuration below.
#d-i netcfg/disable_dhcp boolean true
# If you want the preconfiguration file to work on systems both with and
# without a dhcp server, uncomment these lines and the static network
# configuration below.
#d-i netcfg/dhcp_failed note
#d-i netcfg/dhcp_options select Configure network manually
# Static network configuration.
#d-i netcfg/get_nameservers string 192.168.1.1
#d-i netcfg/get_ipaddress string 192.168.1.42
#d-i netcfg/get_netmask string 255.255.255.0
#d-i netcfg/get_gateway string 192.168.1.1
#d-i netcfg/confirm_static boolean true
# Any hostname and domain names assigned from dhcp take precedence over
# values set here. However, setting the values still prevents the questions
# from being shown, even if values come from dhcp.
# dhcpd.conf
d-i netcfg/get_hostname string huxinhost
d-i netcfg/get_domain string huxin.com
# Disable that annoying WEP key dialog.
d-i netcfg/wireless_wep string
# The wacky dhcp hostname that some ISPs use as a password of sorts.
#d-i netcfg/dhcp_hostname string radish
# If non-free firmware is needed for the network or other hardware, you can
# configure the installer to always try to load it, without prompting. Or
# change to false to disable asking.
d-i hw-detect/load_firmware boolean true
### Network console
# Use the following settings if you wish to make use of the network-console
# component for remote installation over SSH. This only makes sense if you
# intend to perform the remainder of the installation manually.
#d-i anna/choose_modules string network-console
#d-i network-console/password password r00tme
#d-i network-console/password-again password r00tme
### Mirror settings
# If you select ftp, the mirror/country string does not need to be set.
#d-i mirror/protocol string ftp
d-i mirror/country string manual
d-i mirror/http/hostname string 192.168.13.1
d-i mirror/http/directory string /debian
d-i mirror/http/proxy string
# Suite to install.
#d-i mirror/suite string lenny
# Suite to use for loading installer components (optional).
#d-i mirror/udeb/suite string testing
### Clock and time zone setup
# Controls whether or not the hardware clock is set to UTC.
d-i clock-setup/utc boolean true
# You may set this to any valid setting for $TZ; see the contents of
# /usr/share/zoneinfo/ for valid values.
d-i time/zone string Asia/Shanghai
# Controls whether to use NTP to set the clock during the install
d-i clock-setup/ntp boolean false
# NTP server to use. The default is almost always fine here.
#d-i clock-setup/ntp-server string ntp.example.com
### Partitioning
# If the system has free space you can choose to only partition that space.
#d-i partman-auto/init_automatically_partition select biggest_free
# Alternatively, you can specify a disk to partition. The device name must
# be given in traditional non-devfs format.
# Note: A disk must be specified, unless the system has only one disk.
# For example, to use the first SCSI/SATA hard disk:
d-i partman-auto/disk string /dev/hda
# In addition, you'll need to specify the method to use.
# The presently available methods are: "regular", "lvm" and "crypto"
d-i partman-auto/method string regular
# If one of the disks that are going to be automatically partitioned
# contains an old LVM configuration, the user will normally receive a
# warning. This can be preseeded away...
#d-i partman-lvm/device_remove_lvm boolean true
# The same applies to pre-existing software RAID array:
#d-i partman-md/device_remove_md boolean true
# And the same goes for the confirmation to write the lvm partitions.
#d-i partman-lvm/confirm boolean true
# You can choose one of the three predefined partitioning recipes:
# - atomic: all files in one partition
# - home: separate /home partition
# - multi: separate /home, /usr, /var, and /tmp partitions
#d-i partman-auto/choose_recipe select atomic
# Or provide a recipe of your own...
# The recipe format is documented in the file devel/partman-auto-recipe.txt.
# If you have a way to get a recipe file into the d-i environment, you can
# just point at it.
#d-i partman-auto/expert_recipe_file string /hd-media/recipe
# If not, you can put an entire recipe into the preconfiguration file in one
# (logical) line. This example creates a small /boot partition, suitable
# swap, and uses the rest of the space for the root partition:
d-i partman-auto/expert_recipe string \
boot-root :: \
512 1024 8192 reiserfs \
$primary{ } $bootable{ } \
method{ format } format{ } \
use_filesystem{ } filesystem{ reiserfs }\
mountpoint{ / } \
. \
512 2048 1000000000 reiserfs \
method{ format } format{ } \
use_filesystem{ } filesystem{ reiserfs }\
mountpoint{ /data } \
. \
512 1024 2048 linux-swap \
method{ swap } format{ } \
.
# This makes partman automatically partition without confirmation, provided
# that you told it what to do using one of the methods above.
d-i partman/confirm_write_new_label boolean true
d-i partman/choose_partition select finish
d-i partman/confirm boolean true
### Base system installation
# Select the initramfs generator used to generate the initrd for 2.6 kernels.
#d-i base-installer/kernel/linux/initramfs-generators string yaird
# The kernel image (meta) package to be installed; "none" can be used if no
# kernel is to be installed.
#d-i base-installer/kernel/image string linux-image-2.6-486
### Account setup
# Skip creation of a root account (normal user account will be able to
# use sudo).
#d-i passwd/root-login boolean false
# Alternatively, to skip creation of a normal user account.
d-i passwd/make-user boolean false
# Root password, either in clear text
d-i passwd/root-password password 123456
d-i passwd/root-password-again password 123456
# or encrypted using an MD5 hash.
#d-i passwd/root-password-crypted password [MD5 hash]
# To create a normal user account.
#d-i passwd/user-fullname string Debian User
#d-i passwd/username string debian
# Normal user's password, either in clear text
#d-i passwd/user-password password insecure
#d-i passwd/user-password-again password insecure
# or encrypted using an MD5 hash.
#d-i passwd/user-password-crypted password [MD5 hash]
# Create the first user with the specified UID instead of the default.
#d-i passwd/user-uid string 1010
# The user account will be added to some standard initial groups. To
# override that, use this.
#d-i passwd/user-default-groups string audio cdrom video
### Apt setup
# You can choose to install non-free and contrib software.
#d-i apt-setup/non-free boolean true
#d-i apt-setup/contrib boolean true
# Uncomment this if you don't want to use a network mirror.
d-i apt-setup/use_mirror boolean false
# Select which update services to use; define the mirrors to be used.
# Values shown below are the normal defaults.
#d-i apt-setup/services-select multiselect security, volatile
#d-i apt-setup/security_host string security.debian.org
#d-i apt-setup/volatile_host string volatile.debian.org
# Additional repositories, local[0-9] available
#d-i apt-setup/local0/repository string \
#
http://local.server/debian
stable main
#d-i apt-setup/local0/comment string local server
# Enable deb-src lines
#d-i apt-setup/local0/source boolean true
# URL to the public key of the local repository; you must provide a key or
# apt will complain about the unauthenticated repository and so the
# sources.list line will be left commented out
#d-i apt-setup/local0/key string
http://local.server/key
# By default the installer requires that repositories be authenticated
# using a known gpg key. This setting can be used to disable that
# authentication. Warning: Insecure, not recommended.
#d-i debian-installer/allow_unauthenticated string true
### Package selection
#tasksel tasksel/first multiselect standard, web-server
# If the desktop task is selected, install the kde and xfce desktops
# instead of the default gnome desktop.
tasksel tasksel/first multiselect standard
# Individual additional packages to install
d-i pkgsel/include string openssh-server build-essential
# Whether to upgrade packages after debootstrap.
# Allowed values: none, safe-upgrade, full-upgrade
#d-i pkgsel/upgrade select none
# Some versions of the installer can report back on what software you have
# installed, and what software you use. The default is not to report back,
# but sending reports helps the project determine what software is most
# popular and include it on CDs.
#popularity-contest popularity-contest/participate boolean false
### Boot loader installation
# Grub is the default boot loader (for x86). If you want lilo installed
# instead, uncomment this:
#d-i grub-installer/skip boolean true
# To also skip installing lilo, and install no bootloader, uncomment this
# too:
#d-i lilo-installer/skip boolean true
# This is fairly safe to set, it makes grub install automatically to the MBR
# if no other operating system is detected on the machine.
d-i grub-installer/only_debian boolean true
# This one makes grub-installer install to the MBR if it also finds some other
# OS, which is less safe as it might not be able to boot that other OS.
d-i grub-installer/with_other_os boolean true
# Alternatively, if you want to install to a location other than the mbr,
# uncomment and edit these lines:
#d-i grub-installer/only_debian boolean false
#d-i grub-installer/with_other_os boolean false
#d-i grub-installer/bootdev string (hd0,0)
# To install grub to multiple disks:
#d-i grub-installer/bootdev string (hd0,0) (hd1,0) (hd2,0)
# Optional password for grub, either in clear text
#d-i grub-installer/password password r00tme
#d-i grub-installer/password-again password r00tme
# or encrypted using an MD5 hash, see grub-md5-crypt(8).
#d-i grub-installer/password-crypted password [MD5 hash]
### Finishing up the installation
# During installations from serial console, the regular virtual consoles
# (VT1-VT6) are normally disabled in /etc/inittab. Uncomment the next
# line to prevent this.
#d-i finish-install/keep-consoles boolean true
# Avoid that last message about the install being complete.
d-i finish-install/reboot_in_progress note
# This will prevent the installer from ejecting the CD during the reboot,
# which is useful in some situations.
d-i cdrom-detect/eject boolean false
# This is how to make the installer shutdown when finished, but not
# reboot into the installed system.
#d-i debian-installer/exit/halt boolean true
# This will power off the machine instead of just halting it.
#d-i debian-installer/exit/poweroff boolean true
### Preseeding other packages
# Depending on what software you choose to install, or if things go wrong
# during the installation process, it's possible that other questions may
# be asked. You can preseed those too, of course. To get a list of every
# possible question that could be asked during an install, do an
# installation, and then run these commands:
# debconf-get-selections --installer > file
# debconf-get-selections >> file
#### Advanced options
### Running custom commands during the installation
# d-i preseeding is inherently not secure. Nothing in the installer checks
# for attempts at buffer overflows or other exploits of the values of a
# preconfiguration file like this one. Only use preconfiguration files from
# trusted locations! To drive that home, and because it's generally useful,
# here's a way to run any shell command you'd like inside the installer,
# automatically.
# This first command is run as early as possible, just after
# preseeding is read.
#d-i preseed/early_command string anna-install some-udeb
# This command is run just before the install finishes, but when there is
# still a usable /target directory. You can chroot to /target and use it
# directly, or use the apt-install and in-target commands to easily install
# packages and run commands in the target system.
#d-i preseed/late_command string apt-install zsh; in-target chsh -s /bin/zsh
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
本文来自ChinaUnix博客，如果查看原文请点：http://blog.chinaunix.net/u1/45949/showart_2032956.html |
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发表于 2009-08-20 15:53