（第5版）Nginx 0.7.x + PHP 5.2.9（FastCGI）

topshelley2008

[文章作者：张宴 本文版本：v5.2 最后修改：2009.05.20 转载请注明原文链接：
http://blog.s135.com/nginx_php_v5/
]

安装步骤：
　　（系统要求：Linux 2.6+ 内核，本文中的Linux操作系统为CentOS 5.3，另在RedHat AS4上也安装成功）
　　一、获取相关开源程序：
　　1、【适用CentOS操作系统】利用CentOS Linux系统自带的yum命令安装、升级所需的程序库（RedHat等其他Linux发行版可从安装光盘中找到这些程序库的RPM包，进行安装）：
sudo -s
LANG=C
yum -y install gcc gcc-c++ autoconf libjpeg libjpeg-devel libpng libpng-devel freetype freetype-devel libxml2 libxml2-devel zlib zlib-devel glibc glibc-devel glib2 glib2-devel bzip2 bzip2-devel ncurses ncurses-devel curl curl-devel e2fsprogs e2fsprogs-devel krb5 krb5-devel libidn libidn-devel openssl openssl-devel openldap openldap-devel nss_ldap openldap-clients openldap-servers
　　2、【适用RedHat操作系统】RedHat等其他Linux发行版可从安装光盘中找到这些程序库的RPM包（事先可通过类似“rpm -qa | grep libjpeg”的命令查看所需的RPM包是否存在，通常是“xxx-devel”不存在，需要安装）。RedHat可以直接利用CentOS的RPM包安装，以下是RPM包下载网址：
　　①、RedHat AS4 & CentOS 4
　　
http://mirrors.163.com/centos/4/os/i386/CentOS/RPMS/
　　
http://mirrors.163.com/centos/4/os/x86_64/CentOS/RPMS/
　　②、RedHat AS5 & CentOS 5
　　
http://mirrors.163.com/centos/5/os/i386/CentOS/
　　
http://mirrors.163.com/centos/5/os/x86_64/CentOS/
　　③、RPM包搜索网站
　　
http://rpm.pbone.net/
　　
http://www.rpmfind.net/
　　④、RedHat AS4 系统环境，通常情况下缺少的支持包安装：
　　Ⅰ、i386 系统
wget
http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/rpm/i386/libjpeg-devel-6b-33.i386.rpm
rpm -ivh libjpeg-devel-6b-33.i386.rpm
wget
http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/rpm/i386/freetype-devel-2.1.9-1.i386.rpm
rpm -ivh freetype-devel-2.1.9-1.i386.rpm
wget
http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/rpm/i386/libpng-devel-1.2.7-1.i386.rpm
rpm -ivh libpng-devel-1.2.7-1.i386.rpm
　　Ⅱ、x86_64 系统
wget
http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/rpm/x86_64/libjpeg-devel-6b-33.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh libjpeg-devel-6b-33.x86_64.rpm
wget
http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/rpm/x86_64/freetype-devel-2.1.9-1.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh freetype-devel-2.1.9-1.x86_64.rpm
wget
http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/rpm/x86_64/libpng-devel-1.2.7-1.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh libpng-devel-1.2.7-1.x86_64.rpm
　　3、【适用CentOS、RedHat及其它Linux操作系统】下载程序源码包：
　　本文中提到的所有开源软件为截止到2009年05月05日的最新稳定版。
　　①、从软件的官方网站下载：
mkdir -p /data0/software
cd /data0/software
wget
http://sysoev.ru/nginx/nginx-0.7.58.tar.gz
wget
http://www.php.net/get/php-5.2.9.tar.gz/from/this/mirror
wget
http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/phpfpm/php-5.2.9-fpm-0.5.10.diff.gz
wget
http://dev.mysql.com/get/Downloads/MySQL-5.1/mysql-5.1.34.tar.gz/from/http://mysql.he.net/
wget
http://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/libiconv/libiconv-1.13.tar.gz
wget "http://downloads.sourceforge.net/mcrypt/libmcrypt-2.5.8.tar.gz?modtime=1171868460&big_mirror=0"
wget "http://downloads.sourceforge.net/mcrypt/mcrypt-2.6.8.tar.gz?modtime=1194463373&big_mirror=0"
wget
http://pecl.php.net/get/memcache-2.2.5.tgz
wget "http://downloads.sourceforge.net/mhash/mhash-0.9.9.9.tar.gz?modtime=1175740843&big_mirror=0"
wget
ftp://ftp.csx.cam.ac.uk/pub/software/programming/pcre/pcre-7.8.tar.gz
wget
http://bart.eaccelerator.net/source/0.9.5.3/eaccelerator-0.9.5.3.tar.bz2
wget
http://pecl.php.net/get/PDO_MYSQL-1.0.2.tgz
wget
http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/imagick/ImageMagick.tar.gz
wget
http://pecl.php.net/get/imagick-2.2.2.tgz
　　②、从
blog.s135.com
下载（比较稳定，只允许在本站，或者在Linux/Unix下通过Wget、Curl等命令下载以下软件）：
mkdir -p /data0/software
cd /data0/software
wget
http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/nginx/nginx-0.7.58.tar.gz
wget
http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/php/php-5.2.9.tar.gz
wget
http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/phpfpm/php-5.2.9-fpm-0.5.10.diff.gz
wget
http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/mysql/mysql-5.1.34.tar.gz
wget
http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/libiconv/libiconv-1.13.tar.gz
wget
http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/mcrypt/libmcrypt-2.5.8.tar.gz
wget
http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/mcrypt/mcrypt-2.6.8.tar.gz
wget
http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/memcache/memcache-2.2.5.tgz
wget
http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/mhash/mhash-0.9.9.9.tar.gz
wget
http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/pcre/pcre-7.8.tar.gz
wget
http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/eaccelerator/eaccelerator-0.9.5.3.tar.bz2
wget
http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/pdo/PDO_MYSQL-1.0.2.tgz
wget
http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/imagick/ImageMagick.tar.gz
wget
http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/imagick/imagick-2.2.2.tgz
　　二、安装PHP 5.2.9（FastCGI模式）
　　1、编译安装PHP 5.2.9所需的支持库：
tar zxvf libiconv-1.13.tar.gz
cd libiconv-1.13/
./configure --prefix=/usr/local
make
make install
cd ../
tar zxvf libmcrypt-2.5.8.tar.gz
cd libmcrypt-2.5.8/
./configure
make
make install
/sbin/ldconfig
cd libltdl/
./configure --enable-ltdl-install
make
make install
cd ../../
tar zxvf mhash-0.9.9.9.tar.gz
cd mhash-0.9.9.9/
./configure
make
make install
cd ../
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.la /usr/lib/libmcrypt.la
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.so /usr/lib/libmcrypt.so
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.so.4 /usr/lib/libmcrypt.so.4
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.so.4.4.8 /usr/lib/libmcrypt.so.4.4.8
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.a /usr/lib/libmhash.a
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.la /usr/lib/libmhash.la
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.so /usr/lib/libmhash.so
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.so.2 /usr/lib/libmhash.so.2
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.so.2.0.1 /usr/lib/libmhash.so.2.0.1
tar zxvf mcrypt-2.6.8.tar.gz
cd mcrypt-2.6.8/
/sbin/ldconfig
./configure
make
make install
cd ../
　　2、编译安装MySQL 5.1.34
/usr/sbin/groupadd mysql
/usr/sbin/useradd -g mysql mysql
tar zxvf mysql-5.1.34.tar.gz
cd mysql-5.1.34/
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/webserver/mysql/ --enable-assembler --with-extra-charsets=complex --enable-thread-safe-client --with-big-tables --with-readline --with-ssl --with-embedded-server --enable-local-infile --with-plugins=innobase
make && make install
chmod +w /usr/local/webserver/mysql
chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/webserver/mysql
cd ../
　　附：以下为附加步骤，如果你想在这台服务器上运行MySQL数据库，则执行以下两步。如果你只是希望让PHP支持MySQL扩展库，能够连接其他服务器上的MySQL数据库，那么，以下两步无需执行。
　　①、创建MySQL数据库存放目录
mkdir -p /data0/mysql/3306/data/
chown -R mysql:mysql /data0/mysql/
　　②、以mysql用户帐号的身份建立数据表：
/usr/local/webserver/mysql/bin/mysql_install_db --basedir=/usr/local/webserver/mysql --datadir=/data0/mysql/3306/data --user=mysql
　　③、创建my.cnf配置文件：
vi /data0/mysql/3306/my.cnf
　　输入以下内容：
引用
[client]
default-character-set = utf8
port    = 3306
socket  = /tmp/mysql.sock
[mysql]
prompt="(\u:blog.s135.com:)[\d]> "
no-auto-rehash
[mysqld]
#default-character-set = utf8
user    = mysql
port    = 3306
socket  = /tmp/mysql.sock
basedir = /usr/local/webserver/mysql
datadir = /data0/mysql/3306/data
open_files_limit    = 10240
back_log = 600
max_connections = 3000
max_connect_errors = 6000
table_cache = 614
external-locking = FALSE
max_allowed_packet = 32M
sort_buffer_size = 2M
join_buffer_size = 2M
thread_cache_size = 300
thread_concurrency = 8
query_cache_size = 32M
query_cache_limit = 2M
query_cache_min_res_unit = 2k
default-storage-engine = MyISAM
default_table_type = MyISAM
thread_stack = 192K
transaction_isolation = READ-COMMITTED
tmp_table_size = 246M
max_heap_table_size = 246M
long_query_time = 1
log_long_format
log-bin = /data0/mysql/3306/binlog
binlog_cache_size = 4M
binlog_format = MIXED
max_binlog_cache_size = 8M
max_binlog_size = 512M
expire_logs_days = 7
key_buffer_size = 256M
read_buffer_size = 1M
read_rnd_buffer_size = 16M
bulk_insert_buffer_size = 64M
myisam_sort_buffer_size = 128M
myisam_max_sort_file_size = 10G
myisam_max_extra_sort_file_size = 10G
myisam_repair_threads = 1
myisam_recover
skip-name-resolve
master-connect-retry = 10
slave-skip-errors = 1032,1062,126,1114,1146,1048,1396
server-id = 1
innodb_additional_mem_pool_size = 16M
innodb_buffer_pool_size = 2048M
innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:1024M:autoextend
innodb_file_io_threads = 4
innodb_thread_concurrency = 8
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 2
innodb_log_buffer_size = 16M
innodb_log_file_size = 128M
innodb_log_files_in_group = 3
innodb_max_dirty_pages_pct = 90
innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 120
innodb_file_per_table = 0
[mysqldump]
quick
max_allowed_packet = 32M
　　④、创建管理MySQL数据库的shell脚本：
vi /data0/mysql/3306/mysql
　　输入以下内容（这里的用户名admin和密码12345678接下来的步骤会创建）：
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?
#!/bin/sh    
   
mysql_port=3306   
mysql_username="admin"   
mysql_password="12345678"   
   
function_start_mysql()   
{   
    printf "Starting MySQL...\n"   
    /bin/sh /usr/local/webserver/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/data0/mysql/${mysql_port}/my.cnf 2>&1 > /dev/null &   
}   
   
function_stop_mysql()   
{   
    printf "Stoping MySQL...\n"   
    /usr/local/webserver/mysql/bin/mysqladmin -u ${mysql_username} -p${mysql_password} -S /tmp/mysql.sock shutdown   
}   
   
function_restart_mysql()   
{   
    printf "Restarting MySQL...\n"   
    function_stop_mysql   
    sleep 5   
    function_start_mysql   
}   
   
function_kill_mysql()   
{   
    kill -9 $(ps -ef | grep 'bin/mysqld_safe' | grep ${mysql_port} | awk '{printf $2}')   
    kill -9 $(ps -ef | grep 'libexec/mysqld' | grep ${mysql_port} | awk '{printf $2}')   
}   
   
if [ "$1" = "start" ]; then   
    function_start_mysql   
elif [ "$1" = "stop" ]; then   
    function_stop_mysql   
elif [ "$1" = "restart" ]; then   
function_restart_mysql   
elif [ "$1" = "kill" ]; then   
function_kill_mysql   
else   
    printf "Usage: /data0/mysql/${mysql_port}/mysql {start|stop|restart|kill}\n"   
fi  
#!/bin/sh
mysql_port=3306
mysql_username="admin"
mysql_password="12345678"
function_start_mysql()
{
    printf "Starting MySQL...\n"
    /bin/sh /usr/local/webserver/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/data0/mysql/${mysql_port}/my.cnf 2>&1 > /dev/null &
}
function_stop_mysql()
{
    printf "Stoping MySQL...\n"
    /usr/local/webserver/mysql/bin/mysqladmin -u ${mysql_username} -p${mysql_password} -S /tmp/mysql.sock shutdown
}
function_restart_mysql()
{
    printf "Restarting MySQL...\n"
    function_stop_mysql
    sleep 5
    function_start_mysql
}
function_kill_mysql()
{
    kill -9 $(ps -ef | grep 'bin/mysqld_safe' | grep ${mysql_port} | awk '{printf $2}')
    kill -9 $(ps -ef | grep 'libexec/mysqld' | grep ${mysql_port} | awk '{printf $2}')
}
if [ "$1" = "start" ]; then
    function_start_mysql
elif [ "$1" = "stop" ]; then
    function_stop_mysql
elif [ "$1" = "restart" ]; then
function_restart_mysql
elif [ "$1" = "kill" ]; then
function_kill_mysql
else
    printf "Usage: /data0/mysql/${mysql_port}/mysql {start|stop|restart|kill}\n"
fi
　　⑤、赋予shell脚本可执行权限：
chmod +x /data0/mysql/3306/mysql
　　⑥、启动MySQL：
/data0/mysql/3306/mysql start
　　⑦、通过命令行登录管理MySQL服务器（提示输入密码时直接回车）：
/usr/local/webserver/mysql/bin/mysql -u root -p -S /tmp/mysql.sock
　　⑧、输入以下SQL语句，创建一个具有root权限的用户（admin）和密码（12345678）：
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'admin'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY '12345678';
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'admin'@'127.0.0.1' IDENTIFIED BY '12345678';
　　⑨、（可选）停止MySQL：
/data0/mysql/3306/mysql stop
　　3、编译安装PHP（FastCGI模式）
tar zxvf php-5.2.9.tar.gz
gzip -cd php-5.2.9-fpm-0.5.10.diff.gz | patch -d php-5.2.9 -p1
cd php-5.2.9/
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/webserver/php --with-config-file-path=/usr/local/webserver/php/etc --with-mysql=/usr/local/webserver/mysql --with-mysqli=/usr/local/webserver/mysql/bin/mysql_config --with-iconv-dir=/usr/local --with-freetype-dir --with-jpeg-dir --with-png-dir --with-zlib --with-libxml-dir=/usr --enable-xml --disable-rpath --enable-discard-path --enable-safe-mode --enable-bcmath --enable-shmop --enable-sysvsem --enable-inline-optimization --with-curl --with-curlwrappers --enable-mbregex --enable-fastcgi --enable-fpm --enable-force-cgi-redirect --enable-mbstring --with-mcrypt --with-gd --enable-gd-native-ttf --with-openssl --with-mhash --enable-pcntl --enable-sockets --with-ldap --with-ldap-sasl --with-xmlrpc --enable-zip
make ZEND_EXTRA_LIBS='-liconv'
make install
cp php.ini-dist /usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php.ini
cd ../
　　4、编译安装PHP5扩展模块
tar zxvf memcache-2.2.5.tgz
cd memcache-2.2.5/
/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/phpize
./configure --with-php-config=/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/php-config
make
make install
cd ../
tar jxvf eaccelerator-0.9.5.3.tar.bz2
cd eaccelerator-0.9.5.3/
/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/phpize
./configure --enable-eaccelerator=shared --with-php-config=/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/php-config
make
make install
cd ../
tar zxvf PDO_MYSQL-1.0.2.tgz
cd PDO_MYSQL-1.0.2/
/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/phpize
./configure --with-php-config=/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/php-config --with-pdo-mysql=/usr/local/webserver/mysql
make
make install
cd ../
tar zxvf ImageMagick.tar.gz
cd ImageMagick-6.5.1-2/
./configure
make
make install
cd ../
tar zxvf imagick-2.2.2.tgz
cd imagick-2.2.2/
/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/phpize
./configure --with-php-config=/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/php-config
make
make install
cd ../
　　5、修改php.ini文件
　　手工修改：查找/usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php.ini中的extension_dir = "./"
　　修改为extension_dir = "/usr/local/webserver/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20060613/"
　　并在此行后增加以下几行，然后保存：
　　extension = "memcache.so"
　　extension = "pdo_mysql.so"
　　extension = "imagick.so"
　　再查找output_buffering = Off
　　修改为output_buffering = On
　　自动修改：若嫌手工修改麻烦，可执行以下shell命令，自动完成对php.ini文件的修改：
sed -i 's#extension_dir = "./"#extension_dir = "/usr/local/webserver/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20060613/"\nextension = "memcache.so"\nextension = "pdo_mysql.so"\nextension = "imagick.so"\n#' /usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php.ini
sed -i 's#output_buffering = Off#output_buffering = On#' /usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php.ini
sed -i "s#; always_populate_raw_post_data = On#always_populate_raw_post_data = On#g" /usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php.ini
　　6、配置eAccelerator加速PHP：
mkdir -p /usr/local/webserver/eaccelerator_cache
vi /usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php.ini
　　按shift+g键跳到配置文件的最末尾，加上以下配置信息：
引用
[eaccelerator]
zend_extension="/usr/local/webserver/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20060613/eaccelerator.so"
eaccelerator.shm_size="128"
eaccelerator.cache_dir="/usr/local/webserver/eaccelerator_cache"
eaccelerator.enable="1"
eaccelerator.optimizer="1"
eaccelerator.check_mtime="1"
eaccelerator.debug="0"
eaccelerator.filter=""
eaccelerator.shm_max="0"
eaccelerator.shm_ttl="300"
eaccelerator.shm_prune_period="120"
eaccelerator.shm_only="0"
eaccelerator.compress="1"
eaccelerator.compress_level="9"
　　修改配置文件：
vi /etc/sysctl.conf
　　输入以下内容：
引用
kernel.shmmax = 134217728
　　然后执行以下命令使配置生效：
/sbin/sysctl -p
　　7、创建www用户和组，以及供blog.s135.com和
www.s135.com
两个虚拟主机使用的目录：
/usr/sbin/groupadd www
/usr/sbin/useradd -g www www
mkdir -p /data0/htdocs/blog
chmod +w /data0/htdocs/blog
chown -R www:www /data0/htdocs/blog
mkdir -p /data0/htdocs/www
chmod +w /data0/htdocs/www
chown -R www:www /data0/htdocs/www
　　8、创建php-fpm配置文件（php-fpm是为PHP打的一个FastCGI管理补丁，可以平滑变更php.ini配置而无需重启php-cgi）：
　　在/usr/local/webserver/php/etc/目录中创建php-fpm.conf文件：
rm -f /usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php-fpm.conf
vi /usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php-fpm.conf
　　输入以下内容（如果您安装 Nginx + PHP 用于程序调试，请将以下的0改为1，以便显示PHP错误信息，否则，Nginx 会报状态为500的空白错误页）：
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xml version="1.0" ?>   
configuration>   
   
  All relative paths in this config are relative to php's install prefix   
   
  section name="global_options">   
   
    Pid file   
    value name="pid_file">/usr/local/webserver/php/logs/php-fpm.pidvalue>   
   
    Error log file   
    value name="error_log">/usr/local/webserver/php/logs/php-fpm.logvalue>   
   
    Log level   
    value name="log_level">noticevalue>   
   
    When this amount of php processes exited with SIGSEGV or SIGBUS ...   
    value name="emergency_restart_threshold">10value>   
   
    ... in a less than this interval of time, a graceful restart will be initiated.   
    Useful to work around accidental curruptions in accelerator's shared memory.   
    value name="emergency_restart_interval">1mvalue>   
   
    Time limit on waiting child's reaction on signals from master   
    value name="process_control_timeout">5svalue>   
   
    Set to 'no' to debug fpm   
    value name="daemonize">yesvalue>   
   
  section>   
   
  workers>   
   
    section name="pool">   
   
      Name of pool. Used in logs and stats.   
      value name="name">defaultvalue>   
   
      Address to accept fastcgi requests on.   
      Valid syntax is 'ip.ad.re.ss:port' or just 'port' or '/path/to/unix/socket'   
      value name="listen_address">127.0.0.1:9000value>   
   
      value name="listen_options">   
   
        Set listen(2) backlog   
        value name="backlog">-1value>   
   
        Set permissions for unix socket, if one used.   
        In Linux read/write permissions must be set in order to allow connections from web server.   
        Many BSD-derrived systems allow connections regardless of permissions.   
        value name="owner">value>   
        value name="group">value>   
        value name="mode">0666value>   
      value>   
   
      Additional php.ini defines, specific to this pool of workers.   
      value name="php_defines">   
        value name="sendmail_path">/usr/sbin/sendmail -t -ivalue>   
        value name="display_errors">1value>   
      value>   
   
      Unix user of processes   
        value name="user">wwwvalue>   
   
      Unix group of processes   
        value name="group">wwwvalue>   
   
      Process manager settings   
      value name="pm">   
   
        Sets style of controling worker process count.   
        Valid values are 'static' and 'apache-like'   
        value name="style">staticvalue>   
   
        Sets the limit on the number of simultaneous requests that will be served.   
        Equivalent to Apache MaxClients directive.   
        Equivalent to PHP_FCGI_CHILDREN environment in original php.fcgi   
        Used with any pm_style.   
        value name="max_children">128value>   
   
        Settings group for 'apache-like' pm style   
        value name="apache_like">   
   
          Sets the number of server processes created on startup.   
          Used only when 'apache-like' pm_style is selected   
          value name="StartServers">20value>   
   
          Sets the desired minimum number of idle server processes.   
          Used only when 'apache-like' pm_style is selected   
          value name="MinSpareServers">5value>   
   
          Sets the desired maximum number of idle server processes.   
          Used only when 'apache-like' pm_style is selected   
          value name="MaxSpareServers">35value>   
   
        value>   
   
      value>   
   
      The timeout (in seconds) for serving a single request after which the worker process will be terminated   
      Should be used when 'max_execution_time' ini option does not stop script execution for some reason   
      '0s' means 'off'   
      value name="request_terminate_timeout">0svalue>   
   
      The timeout (in seconds) for serving of single request after which a php backtrace will be dumped to slow.log file   
      '0s' means 'off'   
      value name="request_slowlog_timeout">0svalue>   
   
      The log file for slow requests   
      value name="slowlog">logs/slow.logvalue>   
   
      Set open file desc rlimit   
      value name="rlimit_files">51200value>   
   
      Set max core size rlimit   
      value name="rlimit_core">0value>   
   
      Chroot to this directory at the start, absolute path   
      value name="chroot">value>   
   
      Chdir to this directory at the start, absolute path   
      value name="chdir">value>   
   
      Redirect workers' stdout and stderr into main error log.   
      If not set, they will be redirected to /dev/null, according to FastCGI specs   
      value name="catch_workers_output">yesvalue>   
   
      How much requests each process should execute before respawn.   
      Useful to work around memory leaks in 3rd party libraries.   
      For endless request processing please specify 0   
      Equivalent to PHP_FCGI_MAX_REQUESTS   
      value name="max_requests">500value>   
   
      Comma separated list of ipv4 addresses of FastCGI clients that allowed to connect.   
      Equivalent to FCGI_WEB_SERVER_ADDRS environment in original php.fcgi (5.2.2+)   
      Makes sense only with AF_INET listening socket.   
      value name="allowed_clients">127.0.0.1value>   
   
      Pass environment variables like LD_LIBRARY_PATH   
      All $VARIABLEs are taken from current environment   
      value name="environment">   
        value name="HOSTNAME">$HOSTNAMEvalue>   
        value name="PATH">/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/binvalue>   
        value name="TMP">/tmpvalue>   
        value name="TMPDIR">/tmpvalue>   
        value name="TEMP">/tmpvalue>   
        value name="OSTYPE">$OSTYPEvalue>   
        value name="MACHTYPE">$MACHTYPEvalue>   
        value name="MALLOC_CHECK_">2value>   
      value>   
   
    section>   
   
  workers>   
   
configuration>  
  All relative paths in this config are relative to php's install prefix
  
    Pid file
    /usr/local/webserver/php/logs/php-fpm.pid
    Error log file
    /usr/local/webserver/php/logs/php-fpm.log
    Log level
    notice
    When this amount of php processes exited with SIGSEGV or SIGBUS ...
    10
    ... in a less than this interval of time, a graceful restart will be initiated.
    Useful to work around accidental curruptions in accelerator's shared memory.
    1m
    Time limit on waiting child's reaction on signals from master
    5s
    Set to 'no' to debug fpm
    yes
  
  
   
      Name of pool. Used in logs and stats.
      default
      Address to accept fastcgi requests on.
      Valid syntax is 'ip.ad.re.ss:port' or just 'port' or '/path/to/unix/socket'
      127.0.0.1:9000
      
        Set listen(2) backlog
        -1
        Set permissions for unix socket, if one used.
        In Linux read/write permissions must be set in order to allow connections from web server.
        Many BSD-derrived systems allow connections regardless of permissions.
        
        
        0666
      
      Additional php.ini defines, specific to this pool of workers.
      
        /usr/sbin/sendmail -t -i
        1
      
      Unix user of processes
        www
      Unix group of processes
        www
      Process manager settings
      
        Sets style of controling worker process count.
        Valid values are 'static' and 'apache-like'
        static
        Sets the limit on the number of simultaneous requests that will be served.
        Equivalent to Apache MaxClients directive.
        Equivalent to PHP_FCGI_CHILDREN environment in original php.fcgi
        Used with any pm_style.
        128
        Settings group for 'apache-like' pm style
        
          Sets the number of server processes created on startup.
          Used only when 'apache-like' pm_style is selected
          20
          Sets the desired minimum number of idle server processes.
          Used only when 'apache-like' pm_style is selected
          5
          Sets the desired maximum number of idle server processes.
          Used only when 'apache-like' pm_style is selected
          35
        
      
      The timeout (in seconds) for serving a single request after which the worker process will be terminated
      Should be used when 'max_execution_time' ini option does not stop script execution for some reason
      '0s' means 'off'
      0s
      The timeout (in seconds) for serving of single request after which a php backtrace will be dumped to slow.log file
      '0s' means 'off'
      0s
      The log file for slow requests
      logs/slow.log
      Set open file desc rlimit
      51200
      Set max core size rlimit
      0
      Chroot to this directory at the start, absolute path
      
      Chdir to this directory at the start, absolute path
      
      Redirect workers' stdout and stderr into main error log.
      If not set, they will be redirected to /dev/null, according to FastCGI specs
      yes
      How much requests each process should execute before respawn.
      Useful to work around memory leaks in 3rd party libraries.
      For endless request processing please specify 0
      Equivalent to PHP_FCGI_MAX_REQUESTS
      500
      Comma separated list of ipv4 addresses of FastCGI clients that allowed to connect.
      Equivalent to FCGI_WEB_SERVER_ADDRS environment in original php.fcgi (5.2.2+)
      Makes sense only with AF_INET listening socket.
      127.0.0.1
      Pass environment variables like LD_LIBRARY_PATH
      All $VARIABLEs are taken from current environment
      
        $HOSTNAME
        /usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin
        /tmp
        /tmp
        /tmp
        $OSTYPE
        $MACHTYPE
        2
      
   
  
　　9、启动php-cgi进程，监听127.0.0.1的9000端口，进程数为200（如果服务器内存小于3GB，可以只开启64个进程），用户为www：
ulimit -SHn 51200
/usr/local/webserver/php/sbin/php-fpm start
　　注：/usr/local/webserver/php/sbin/php-fpm还有其他参数，包括：start|stop|quit|restart|reload|logrotate，修改php.ini后不重启php-cgi，重新加载配置文件使用reload。
　　三、安装Nginx 0.7.58
　　1、安装Nginx所需的pcre库：
tar zxvf pcre-7.8.tar.gz
cd pcre-7.8/
./configure
make && make install
cd ../
　　2、安装Nginx
tar zxvf nginx-0.7.58.tar.gz
cd nginx-0.7.58/
./configure --user=www --group=www --prefix=/usr/local/webserver/nginx --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_ssl_module
make && make install
cd ../
　　3、创建Nginx日志目录
mkdir -p /data1/logs
chmod +w /data1/logs
chown -R www:www /data1/logs
　　4、创建Nginx配置文件
　　①、在/usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/目录中创建nginx.conf文件：
rm -f /usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
vi /usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
　　输入以下内容：
引用
user  www www;
worker_processes 8;
error_log  /data1/logs/nginx_error.log  crit;
pid        /usr/local/webserver/nginx/nginx.pid;
#Specifies the value for maximum file descriptors that can be opened by this process.
worker_rlimit_nofile 51200;
events
{
  use epoll;
  worker_connections 51200;
}
http
{
  include       mime.types;
  default_type  application/octet-stream;
  #charset  gb2312;
      
  server_names_hash_bucket_size 128;
  client_header_buffer_size 32k;
  large_client_header_buffers 4 32k;
  client_max_body_size 8m;
      
  sendfile on;
  tcp_nopush     on;
  keepalive_timeout 60;
  tcp_nodelay on;
  fastcgi_connect_timeout 300;
  fastcgi_send_timeout 300;
  fastcgi_read_timeout 300;
  fastcgi_buffer_size 64k;
  fastcgi_buffers 4 64k;
  fastcgi_busy_buffers_size 128k;
  fastcgi_temp_file_write_size 128k;
  gzip on;
  gzip_min_length  1k;
  gzip_buffers     4 16k;
  gzip_http_version 1.0;
  gzip_comp_level 2;
  gzip_types       text/plain application/x-javascript text/css application/xml;
  gzip_vary on;
  #limit_zone  crawler  $binary_remote_addr  10m;
  server
  {
    listen       80;
    server_name  blog.s135.com;
    index index.html index.htm index.php;
    root  /data0/htdocs/blog;
    #limit_conn   crawler  20;   
                             
    location ~ .*\.(php|php5)?$
    {      
      #fastcgi_pass  unix:/tmp/php-cgi.sock;
      fastcgi_pass  127.0.0.1:9000;
      fastcgi_index index.php;
      include fcgi.conf;
    }
   
    location ~ .*\.(gif|jpg|jpeg|png|bmp|swf)$
    {
      expires      30d;
    }
    location ~ .*\.(js|css)?$
    {
      expires      1h;
    }   
    log_format  access  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
              '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
              '"$http_user_agent" $http_x_forwarded_for';
    access_log  /data1/logs/access.log  access;
      }
  server
  {
    listen       80;
    server_name  
www.s135.com;
    index index.html index.htm index.php;
    root  /data0/htdocs/www;
    location ~ .*\.(php|php5)?$
    {      
      #fastcgi_pass  unix:/tmp/php-cgi.sock;
      fastcgi_pass  127.0.0.1:9000;
      fastcgi_index index.php;
      include fcgi.conf;
    }
    log_format  wwwlogs  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
               '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
               '"$http_user_agent" $http_x_forwarded_for';
    access_log  /data1/logs/wwwlogs.log  wwwlogs;
  }
  server
  {
    listen  80;
    server_name  status.blog.s135.com;
    location / {
    stub_status on;
    access_log   off;
    }
  }
}
　　②、在/usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/目录中创建fcgi.conf文件：
vi /usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/fcgi.conf
　　输入以下内容：
引用
fastcgi_param  GATEWAY_INTERFACE  CGI/1.1;
fastcgi_param  SERVER_SOFTWARE    nginx;
fastcgi_param  QUERY_STRING       $query_string;
fastcgi_param  REQUEST_METHOD     $request_method;
fastcgi_param  CONTENT_TYPE       $content_type;
fastcgi_param  CONTENT_LENGTH     $content_length;
fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME    $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_NAME        $fastcgi_script_name;
fastcgi_param  REQUEST_URI        $request_uri;
fastcgi_param  DOCUMENT_URI       $document_uri;
fastcgi_param  DOCUMENT_ROOT      $document_root;
fastcgi_param  SERVER_PROTOCOL    $server_protocol;
fastcgi_param  REMOTE_ADDR        $remote_addr;
fastcgi_param  REMOTE_PORT        $remote_port;
fastcgi_param  SERVER_ADDR        $server_addr;
fastcgi_param  SERVER_PORT        $server_port;
fastcgi_param  SERVER_NAME        $server_name;
# PHP only, required if PHP was built with --enable-force-cgi-redirect
fastcgi_param  REDIRECT_STATUS    200;
　　5、启动Nginx
ulimit -SHn 51200
/usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx
　　四、配置开机自动启动Nginx + PHP
vi /etc/rc.local
　　在末尾增加以下内容：
引用
ulimit -SHn 51200
/usr/local/webserver/php/sbin/php-fpm start
/usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx
　　五、优化Linux内核参数
vi /etc/sysctl.conf
　　在末尾增加以下内容：
引用
net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout = 30
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 300
net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle = 1
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 5000    65000
　　使配置立即生效：
/sbin/sysctl -p
　　六、在不停止Nginx服务的情况下平滑变更Nginx配置
　　1、修改/usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/nginx.conf配置文件后，请执行以下命令检查配置文件是否正确：
/usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx -t
　　如果屏幕显示以下两行信息，说明配置文件正确：
　　the configuration file /usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
　　the configuration file /usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/nginx.conf was tested successfully
　　2、这时，输入以下命令查看Nginx主进程号：
ps -ef | grep "nginx: master process" | grep -v "grep" | awk -F ' ' '{print $2}'
　　屏幕显示的即为Nginx主进程号，例如：
　　6302
　　这时，执行以下命令即可使修改过的Nginx配置文件生效：
kill -HUP 6302
　　或者无需这么麻烦，找到Nginx的Pid文件：
kill -HUP `cat /usr/local/webserver/nginx/nginx.pid`
　　七、编写每天定时切割Nginx日志的脚本
　　1、创建脚本/usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/cut_nginx_log.sh
vi /usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/cut_nginx_log.sh
　　输入以下内容：
引用
#!/bin/bash
# This script run at 00:00
# The Nginx logs path
logs_path="/usr/local/webserver/nginx/logs/"
mkdir -p ${logs_path}$(date -d "yesterday" +"%Y")/$(date -d "yesterday" +"%m")/
mv ${logs_path}access.log ${logs_path}$(date -d "yesterday" +"%Y")/$(date -d "yesterday" +"%m")/access_$(date -d "yesterday" +"%Y%m%d").log
kill -USR1 `cat /usr/local/webserver/nginx/nginx.pid`
　　2、设置crontab，每天凌晨00:00切割nginx访问日志
crontab -e
　输入以下内容：
引用
00 00 * * * /bin/bash  /usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/cut_nginx_log.sh


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