安装配置nginx

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环境：Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server release 5.2 (Tikanga)
系统安装方式：系统自带服务不装，只安装开发包，相应的系统工具
大量参照了张宴老师文档，在此多谢

1、安装基本包
tar zxvf libiconv-1.13.tar.gz
cd libiconv-1.13/
./configure --prefix=/usr/local && make && make install
tar zxvf libmcrypt-2.5.8.tar.gz
cd libmcrypt-2.5.8/
./configure && make && make install
/sbin/ldconfig
cd libltdl/
./configure --enable-ltdl-install && make && make install
tar zxvf mhash-0.9.9.9.tar.gz
cd mhash-0.9.9.9/
./configure && make && make install
vim list 输入以下内容，sh list执行
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.la /usr/lib/libmcrypt.la
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.so /usr/lib/libmcrypt.so
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.so.4 /usr/lib/libmcrypt.so.4
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.so.4.4.8 /usr/lib/libmcrypt.so.4.4.8
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.a /usr/lib/libmhash.a
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.la /usr/lib/libmhash.la
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.so /usr/lib/libmhash.so
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.so.2 /usr/lib/libmhash.so.2
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.so.2.0.1 /usr/lib/libmhash.so.2.0.1
tar zxvf mcrypt-2.6.8.tar.gz
cd mcrypt-2.6.8/
ldconfig
./configure && make && make install
2、编译安装MySQL 5.1.34
   解压后在mysql目录下随便建立一个脚本，执行sh 脚本名 进行安培
CHOST="i686-pc-linux-gnu "
CFLAGS="-march=nocona -O3 -pipe"
CXXFLAGS="${CFLAGS}"
./configure \
"--prefix=/usr/local/webserver/mysql" \
"--localstatedir=/data/mysql/data" \
"--with-comment=Source" \
"--with-mysqld-user=mysql" \
"--without-debug" \
"--with-big-tables" \
"--with-charset=gbk" \
"--with-collation=gbk_chinese_ci" \
"--with-extra-charsets=all" \
"--with-pthread" \
"--enable-static" \
"--enable-thread-safe-client" \
"--with-client-ldflags=-all-static" \
"--with-mysqld-ldflags=-all-static" \
"--enable-assembler" \
"--with-plugins=all" \
"--without-ndb-debug"
make
make install
useradd mysql -d /data/mysql -s /sbin/nologin
/usr/local/webserver/mysql/bin/mysql_install_db --user=mysql
cd /usr/local/webserver/mysql
chown -R root:mysql .
mkdir -p /data/mysql/data
chown -R mysql /data/mysql/data
cp share/mysql/my-huge.cnf /etc/my.cnf
cp share/mysql/mysql.server /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld
chmod 755 /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld
chkconfig --add mysqld
/etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld start
cd /usr/local/webserver/mysql/bin
for i in *; do ln -s /usr/local/webserver/mysql/bin/$i /usr/bin/$i; done
3、编译安装PHP（FastCGI模式）
tar zxvf php-5.2.9.tar.gz
gzip -cd php-5.2.9-fpm-0.5.10.diff.gz | patch -d php-5.2.9 -p1
cd php-5.2.8/
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/webserver/php --with-config-file-path=/usr/local/webserver/php/etc --with-mysql=/usr/local/webserver/mysql --with-mysqli=/usr/local/webserver/mysql/bin/mysql_config --with-iconv-dir=/usr/local --with-freetype-dir --with-jpeg-dir --with-png-dir --with-zlib --with-libxml-dir=/usr --enable-xml --disable-rpath --enable-discard-path --enable-safe-mode --enable-bcmath --enable-shmop --enable-sysvsem --enable-inline-optimization --with-curl --with-curlwrappers --enable-mbregex --enable-fastcgi --enable-fpm --enable-force-cgi-redirect --enable-mbstring --with-mcrypt --with-gd --enable-gd-native-ttf --with-openssl --with-mhash --enable-pcntl --enable-sockets --with-ldap --with-ldap-sasl
make ZEND_EXTRA_LIBS='-liconv'
make install
cp php.ini-dist /usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php.ini
4、编译安装PHP5扩展模块
tar zxvf memcache-2.2.5.tgz
cd memcache-2.2.5/
/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/phpize
./configure --with-php-config=/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/php-config && make && make install
tar jxvf eaccelerator-0.9.5.3.tar.bz2
cd eaccelerator-0.9.5.3/
/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/phpize
./configure --enable-eaccelerator=shared --with-php-config=/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/php-config && make && make install
tar zxvf PDO_MYSQL-1.0.2.tgz
cd PDO_MYSQL-1.0.2/
/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/phpize
./configure --with-php-config=/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/php-config --with-pdo-mysql=/usr/local/webserver/mysql && make && make install
tar zxvf ImageMagick.tar.gz
cd ImageMagick-6.5.1-2/
./configure && make && make install
tar zxvf imagick-2.2.2.tgz
cd imagick-2.2.2/
/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/phpize
./configure --with-php-config=/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/php-config && make && make install
5、修改php.ini文件
　　手工修改：查找/usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php.ini中的extension_dir = "./"
　　修改为extension_dir = "/usr/local/webserver/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20060613/"
　　并在此行后增加以下几行，然后保存：
　　extension = "memcache.so"
　　extension = "pdo_mysql.so"
　　extension = "imagick.so"
　　再查找output_buffering = Off
　　修改为output_buffering = On
　　
6、配置eAccelerator加速PHP：
mkdir -p /usr/local/webserver/eaccelerator_cache
vi /usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php.ini
按shift+g键跳到配置文件的最末尾，加上以下配置信息：
[eaccelerator]
zend_extension="/usr/local/webserver/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20060613/eaccelerator.so"
eaccelerator.shm_size="128"
eaccelerator.cache_dir="/usr/local/webserver/eaccelerator_cache"
eaccelerator.enable="1"
eaccelerator.optimizer="1"
eaccelerator.check_mtime="1"
eaccelerator.debug="0"
eaccelerator.filter=""
eaccelerator.shm_max="0"
eaccelerator.shm_ttl="300"
eaccelerator.shm_prune_period="120"
eaccelerator.shm_only="0"
eaccelerator.compress="1"
eaccelerator.compress_level="9"
vi /etc/sysctl.conf 添加kernel.shmmax = 134217728  sysctl -p生效
6、创建www用户和组、网页目录、日志目录等
/usr/sbin/groupadd www
/usr/sbin/useradd -g www www
mkdir -p /var/htdocs/www
chmod +w /var/htdocs/www
chown -R www:www /var/htdocs/www/
mkdir -p /var/htdocs/logs
chmod +w /var/htdocs/logs
chown -R www:www /var/htdocs/logs
7、创建php-fpm配置文件（php-fpm是为PHP打的一个FastCGI管理补丁，可以平滑变更php.ini配置而无需重启php-cgi）：
　在/usr/local/webserver/php/etc/目录中创建php-fpm.conf文件：
rm -f /usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php-fpm.conf
vi /usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php-fpm.conf  添加以下信息
  
  
  
  All relative paths in this config are relative to php's install prefix   
  
   
  
    Pid file   
    /usr/local/webserver/php/logs/php-fpm.pid  
  
    Error log file   
    /usr/local/webserver/php/logs/php-fpm.log  
  
    Log level   
    notice  
  
    When this amount of php processes exited with SIGSEGV or SIGBUS ...   
    10  
  
    ... in a less than this interval of time, a graceful restart will be initiated.   
    Useful to work around accidental curruptions in accelerator's shared memory.   
    1m  
  
    Time limit on waiting child's reaction on signals from master   
    5s  
  
    Set to 'no' to debug fpm   
    yes  
  
   
  
   
  
      
  
      Name of pool. Used in logs and stats.   
      default  
  
      Address to accept fastcgi requests on.   
      Valid syntax is 'ip.ad.re.ss:port' or just 'port' or '/path/to/unix/socket'   
      127.0.0.1:9000  
  
        
  
        Set listen(2) backlog   
        -1  
  
        Set permissions for unix socket, if one used.   
        In Linux read/write permissions must be set in order to allow connections from web server.   
        Many BSD-derrived systems allow connections regardless of permissions.   
         
         
        0666  
        
  
      Additional php.ini defines, specific to this pool of workers.   
        
        /usr/sbin/sendmail -t -i  
        1  
        
  
      Unix user of processes   
        www  
  
      Unix group of processes   
        www  
  
      Process manager settings   
        
  
        Sets style of controling worker process count.   
        Valid values are 'static' and 'apache-like'   
        static  
  
        Sets the limit on the number of simultaneous requests that will be served.   
        Equivalent to Apache MaxClients directive.   
        Equivalent to PHP_FCGI_CHILDREN environment in original php.fcgi   
        Used with any pm_style.   
        128  
  
        Settings group for 'apache-like' pm style   
         
  
          Sets the number of server processes created on startup.   
          Used only when 'apache-like' pm_style is selected   
          20  
  
          Sets the desired minimum number of idle server processes.   
          Used only when 'apache-like' pm_style is selected   
          5  
  
          Sets the desired maximum number of idle server processes.   
          Used only when 'apache-like' pm_style is selected   
          35  
  
         
  
        
  
      The timeout (in seconds) for serving a single request after which the worker process will be terminated   
      Should be used when 'max_execution_time' ini option does not stop script execution for some reason   
      '0s' means 'off'   
      0s  
  
      The timeout (in seconds) for serving of single request after which a php backtrace will be dumped to slow.log file   
      '0s' means 'off'   
      0s  
  
      The log file for slow requests   
      logs/slow.log  
  
      Set open file desc rlimit   
      51200  
  
      Set max core size rlimit   
      0  
  
      Chroot to this directory at the start, absolute path   
        
  
      Chdir to this directory at the start, absolute path   
        
  
      Redirect workers' stdout and stderr into main error log.   
      If not set, they will be redirected to /dev/null, according to FastCGI specs   
      yes  
  
      How much requests each process should execute before respawn.   
      Useful to work around memory leaks in 3rd party libraries.   
      For endless request processing please specify 0   
      Equivalent to PHP_FCGI_MAX_REQUESTS   
      500  
  
      Comma separated list of ipv4 addresses of FastCGI clients that allowed to connect.   
      Equivalent to FCGI_WEB_SERVER_ADDRS environment in original php.fcgi (5.2.2+)   
      Makes sense only with AF_INET listening socket.   
      127.0.0.1  
  
      Pass environment variables like LD_LIBRARY_PATH   
      All $VARIABLEs are taken from current environment   
        
        $HOSTNAME  
        /usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin  
        /tmp  
        /tmp  
        /tmp  
        $OSTYPE  
        $MACHTYPE  
        2  
        
  
      
  
   
  
  
8、启动php-cgi进程，监听127.0.0.1的9000端口，进程数为200（如果服务器内存小于3GB，可以只开启64个进程），用户为www：
ulimit -SHn 51200
/usr/local/webserver/php/sbin/php-fpm start
　注：/usr/local/webserver/php/sbin/php-fpm还有其他参数，包括：start|stop|quit|restart|reload|logrotate，修改php.ini后不重启php-cgi，重新加载配置文件使用reload。
三、安装Nginx 0.7.51
　　1、安装Nginx所需的pcre库：
tar zxvf pcre-7.8.tar.gz
cd pcre-7.8/
./configure && make && make install
cd ../
    2、安装Nginx
tar zxvf nginx-0.7.51.tar.gz
cd nginx-0.7.51/
./configure --user=www --group=www --prefix=/usr/local/webserver/nginx --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_ssl_module
make && make install
cd ../
    3、创建Nginx配置文件
　　①、在/usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/目录中创建nginx.conf文件：
rm -f /usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
vi /usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
user  www www;
worker_processes 8;
error_log  /var/htdocs/logs/nginx_error.log  crit;
pid        /usr/local/webserver/nginx/nginx.pid;
#Specifies the value for maximum file descriptors that can be opened by this process.
worker_rlimit_nofile 51200;
events
{
  use epoll;
  worker_connections 51200;
}
http
{
  include       mime.types;
  default_type  application/octet-stream;
  #charset  gb2312;
      
  server_names_hash_bucket_size 128;
  client_header_buffer_size 32k;
  large_client_header_buffers 4 32k;
  client_max_body_size 8m;
      
  sendfile on;
  tcp_nopush     on;
  keepalive_timeout 60;
  tcp_nodelay on;
  fastcgi_connect_timeout 300;
  fastcgi_send_timeout 300;
  fastcgi_read_timeout 300;
  fastcgi_buffer_size 64k;
  fastcgi_buffers 4 64k;
  fastcgi_busy_buffers_size 128k;
  fastcgi_temp_file_write_size 128k;
  gzip on;
  gzip_min_length  1k;
  gzip_buffers     4 16k;
  gzip_http_version 1.0;
  gzip_comp_level 2;
  gzip_types       text/plain application/x-javascript text/css application/xml;
  gzip_vary on;
  #limit_zone  crawler  $binary_remote_addr  10m;
  # The following includes are specified for virtual hosts
  #www.ixinfu.com
  include          /usr/local/nginx/conf/vhosts/www.ixinfu.com;
        
}
配置主机例子：
server
  {
    listen       80;
    server_name  192.168.1.108;
    index index.html index.htm index.php;
    root  /var/htdocs/www;
    error_page 404 http://192.168.1.108;   指定404错误时浏览的文件
    location ~ .*\.(php|php5)?$
    {      
      #fastcgi_pass  unix:/tmp/php-cgi.sock;
      fastcgi_pass  127.0.0.1:9000;
      fastcgi_index index.php;
      include fcgi.conf;
    }
    log_format  wwwlogs  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
               '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
               '"$http_user_agent" $http_x_forwarded_for';
    access_log  /var/htdocs/logs/wwwlogs.log  wwwlogs;
  }
  
  server   # 这个主机配置是查看nginx的连接状态
  {
    listen  8080;
    server_name  192.168.1.108;
    location / {
    stub_status on;
    access_log   off;
    }
  }
}
②、在/usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/目录中创建fcgi.conf文件：
vi /usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/fcgi.conf
　　输入以下内容：
引用
fastcgi_param  GATEWAY_INTERFACE  CGI/1.1;
fastcgi_param  SERVER_SOFTWARE    nginx;
fastcgi_param  QUERY_STRING       $query_string;
fastcgi_param  REQUEST_METHOD     $request_method;
fastcgi_param  CONTENT_TYPE       $content_type;
fastcgi_param  CONTENT_LENGTH     $content_length;
fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME    $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_NAME        $fastcgi_script_name;
fastcgi_param  REQUEST_URI        $request_uri;
fastcgi_param  DOCUMENT_URI       $document_uri;
fastcgi_param  DOCUMENT_ROOT      $document_root;
fastcgi_param  SERVER_PROTOCOL    $server_protocol;
fastcgi_param  REMOTE_ADDR        $remote_addr;
fastcgi_param  REMOTE_PORT        $remote_port;
fastcgi_param  SERVER_ADDR        $server_addr;
fastcgi_param  SERVER_PORT        $server_port;
fastcgi_param  SERVER_NAME        $server_name;
# PHP only, required if PHP was built with --enable-force-cgi-redirect
fastcgi_param  REDIRECT_STATUS    200;
　　5、启动Nginx
ulimit -SHn 51200
/usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx
配置开机自动启动Nginx + PHP
vi /etc/rc.local
ulimit -SHn 51200
/usr/local/webserver/php/sbin/php-fpm start
/usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx
优化Linux内核参数
vi /etc/sysctl.conf
在末尾增加以下内容：
net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout = 30
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 300
net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle = 1
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 5000    65000
使配置立即生效：/sbin/sysctl -p
在不停止Nginx服务的情况下平滑变更Nginx配置
1、修改/usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/nginx.conf配置文件后，请执行以下命令检查配置文件是否正确：
/usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx -t
　　如果屏幕显示以下两行信息，说明配置文件正确：
　　the configuration file /usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
　　the configuration file /usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/nginx.conf was tested successfully
kill -HUP `cat /usr/local/webserver/nginx/nginx.pid` 重启nginx
编写每天定时切割Nginx日志的脚本
　　1、创建脚本/usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/cut_nginx_log.sh
vi /usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/cut_nginx_log.sh
　　输入以下内容：
引用
#!/bin/bash
# This script run at 00:00
# The Nginx logs path
logs_path="/usr/local/webserver/nginx/logs/"
mkdir -p ${logs_path}$(date -d "yesterday" +"%Y")/$(date -d "yesterday" +"%m")/
mv ${logs_path}access.log ${logs_path}$(date -d "yesterday" +"%Y")/$(date -d "yesterday" +"%m")/access_$(date -d "yesterday" +"%Y%m%d").log
kill -USR1 `cat /usr/local/webserver/nginx/nginx.pid`
　　2、设置crontab，每天凌晨00:00切割nginx访问日志
crontab -e
00 00 * * * /bin/bash  /usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/cut_nginx_log.sh
               
               

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