yum使用

ghbspecial

yum 使用
    yum安装
CentOS自带(yum-*.noarch.rpm)
#rpm -ivh yum-*.noarch.rpm
在第一次启用yum之前首先需要导入系统的RPM-GPG-KEY：
#rpm --import /usr/share/doc/centos-release-3(4)/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-3(4)
1、检查可更新的rpm包
#yum check-update
更新所有的rpm包
#yum update
更新指定的rpm包,如更新kernel和kernel source
#yum update kernel kernel-source
大规模的版本升级,与yum update不同的是,连旧的淘汰的包也升级
#yum upgrade
2、安装rpm包,如xmms-mp3
#yum install xmms-mp3
删除rpm包,包括与该包有倚赖性的包
#yum remove licq
注:同时会提示删除licq-gnome,licq-qt,licq-text
3、yum暂存(/var/cache/yum/)的相关参数
清除暂存中rpm包文件
#yum clean packages
清除暂存中rpm头文件
#yum clearn headers
清除暂存中旧的rpm头文件
#yum clean oldheaders
清除暂存中旧的rpm头文件和包文件
#yum clearn 或#yum clearn all
注:相当于yum clean packages + yum clean oldheaders
4、包列表
列出资源库中所有可以安装或更新的rpm包
#yum list
列出资源库中特定的可以安装或更新以及已经安装的rpm包
#yum list mozilla
#yum list mozilla*
注:可以在rpm包名中使用匹配符,如列出所有以mozilla开头的rpm包
列出资源库中所有可以更新的rpm包
#yum list updates
列出已经安装的所有的rpm包
#yum list installed
列出已经安装的但是不包含在资源库中的rpm包
#yum list extras
注:通过其它网站下载安装的rpm包
5、搜索rpm包
搜索匹配特定字符的rpm包
#yum search mozilla
注:在rpm包名,包描述等中搜索
搜索有包含特定文件名的rpm包
#yum provides realplay
[编辑]增加资源库
例如:增加rpm.livna.org作为资源库
安装Livna.org rpms GPG key
#rpm --import
http://rpm.livna.org/RPM-LIVNA-GPG-KEY

检查GPG Key
# rpm -qa gpg-pubkey*
显示Key信息
#rpm -qi gpg-pubkey-a109b1ec-3f6e28d5
(注:如果要删除Key,使用#rpm -e gpg-pubkey-a109b1ec-3f6e28d5)
yum install yum-fastestmirror -y，这个会自动选择快的那个源。
如果我在那个目录里放了很多源，怎么知道当前用的是那个呢？如果你没有改yum.conf，那么看/var/cache/yum/文件夹里的一个time开头的文件，就知道了。
在/etc/yum.repos.d/目录下面可以创建多个.repo的文件名就可以做为源使用了。
Centos5  yum 源--------2009.03.20   上海源
导入key:  rpm --import
http://mirrors.shlug.org/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-5
vi Centos-Base.repo
[base]
name=mirrors-shlug-org--CentOS-$releasever - Base baseurl=http://mirrors.shlug.org/centos/$releasever/os/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=http://mirrors.shlug.org/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-5
#released updates [update] name=mirrors-shlug-org--CentOS-$releasever - Updates baseurl=http://mirrors.shlug.org/centos/$releasever/updates/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=http://mirrors.shlug.org/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-5
#packages used/produced in the build but not released
[addons]
name=mirrors-shlug-org--CentOS-$releasever - Addons baseurl=http://mirrors.shlug.org/centos/$releasever/addons/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=http://mirrors.shlug.org/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-5
#additional packages that may be useful
[extras]
name=mirrors-shlug-org--CentOS-$releasever - Extras baseurl=http://mirrors.shlug.org/centos/$releasever/extras/$basearch/ gpgcheck=1 gpgkey=http://mirrors.shlug.org/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-5
#additional packages that extend functionality of existing packages
[centosplus]
name=mirrors-shlug-org--CentOS-$releasever - Plus baseurl=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/$releasever/centosplus/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=http://mirrors.shlug.org/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-5
#contrib - packages by Centos Users
[contrib]
name=mirrors-shlug-org--CentOS-$releasever - Contrib baseurl=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/$releasever/contrib/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
enabled=0
gpgkey=http://mirrors.shlug.org/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-5

Centos5  yum 源--------2009.03.20   科技大源
导入KEY：rpm --import
http://centos.ustc.edu.cn/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-5
[base]
name=centos-ustc-edu-cn--CentOS-$releasever - Base
baseurl=http://centos.ustc.edu.cn/centos/$releasever/os/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=http://centos.ustc.edu.cn/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-5
#released updates
[update]
name=centos-ustc-edu-cn--CentOS-$releasever - Updates
baseurl=http://centos.ustc.edu.cn/centos/$releasever/updates/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=http://centos.ustc.edu.cn/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-5
#packages used/produced in the build but not released
[addons]
name=centos-ustc-edu-cn--CentOS-$releasever - Addons
baseurl=http://centos.ustc.edu.cn/centos/$releasever/addons/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
enabled=0
gpgkey=http://centos.ustc.edu.cn/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-5
#additional packages that may be useful
[extras]
name=centos-ustc-edu-cn--CentOS-$releasever - Extras
baseurl=http://centos.ustc.edu.cn/centos/$releasever/extras/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=http://centos.ustc.edu.cn/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-5
#additional packages that extend functionality of existing packages
[centosplus]
name=centos-ustc-edu-cn--CentOS-$releasever - Plus
baseurl=http://centos.ustc.edu.cn/centos/$releasever/centosplus/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=http://centos.ustc.edu.cn/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-5



本文来自ChinaUnix博客，如果查看原文请点：http://blog.chinaunix.net/u/11765/showart_1877745.html