[zz]YUV Formats

popy

YUV formats fall into two distinct groups, the
packed formats
where Y, U
(Cb) and V (Cr) samples are packed together
into macropixels which are stored in a single array, and the planar
formats where each component is stored as a separate array, the final image being a
fusing of the three separate planes.
In the diagrams below, the numerical suffix attached to each Y, U or
V sample indicates the sampling position across the image line, so, for example, V0
indicates the leftmost V sample and Yn indicates the Y sample at the (n+1)th pixel from
the left.
Subsampling intervals in the horizontal and vertical directions may
merit some explanation. The horizontal subsampling interval describes how frequently
across a line a sample of that component is taken while the vertical interval describes on
which lines samples are taken. For example, UYVY format has a horizontal subsampling
period of 2 for both the U and V components indicating that U and V samples are taken for
every second pixel across a line. Their vertical subsampling period is 1 indicating that U
and V samples are taken on each line of the image.
For YVU9, though, the vertical subsampling interval is 4. This
indicates that U and V samples are only taken on every fourth line of the original image.
Since the horizontal sampling period is also 4, a single U and a single V sample are taken
for each square block of 16 image pixels.
Also, if you are interested in YCrCb to RGB conversion, you may find
this page
helpful.
People reading this page may be interested in a freeware codec from
Drastic Technologies which allegedly handles the vast majority of YUV
formats listed here. I've not tried it but you can find it
here
.
Packed YUV Formats
Label
FOURCC in Hex
Bits per pixel
Description
AYUV
0x56555941
32
Combined YUV and alpha
CLJR
0x524A4C43
8
Cirrus Logic format with 4 pixels packed into a u_int32. A form of YUV 4:1:1 wiht less than 8 bits per Y, U and V sample.
cyuv
0x76757963
16
Essentially a copy of UYVY except that the sense of the height is
reversed - the image is upside down with respect to the UYVY version.
GREY
0x59455247
8
Apparently a duplicate of Y800 (and also, presumably, "Y8  ")
IRAW
0x57615349
?
Intel uncompressed YUV. I have no information on this format - can you help?
IUYV
0x56595549
16
Interlaced version of UYVY (line order 0, 2, 4,....,1, 3, 5....) registered by Silviu Brinzei of
LEAD Technologies
.
IY41
0x31345949
12
Interlaced version of Y41P (line order 0, 2, 4,....,1, 3, 5....) registered by Silviu Brinzei of
LEAD Technologies
.
IYU1
0x31555949
12
12 bit format used in mode 2 of the IEEE 1394 Digital Camera 1.04 spec. This is equivalent to
Y411
IYU2
0x32555949
24
24 bit format used in mode 0 of the IEEE 1394 Digital Camera 1.04 spec
HDYC
0x43594448
16
YUV 4:2:2 (Y sample at every pixel, U and V sampled at every second
pixel horizontally on each line). A macropixel contains 2 pixels in 1
u_int32. This is a suplicate of
UYVY
except that the color components use the BT709 color space (as used in HD video).
UYNV
0x564E5955
16
A direct copy of
UYVY
registered by NVidia to work around problems in some old codecs which
did not like hardware which offered more than 2 UYVY surfaces.
UYVP
0x50565955
24?
YCbCr 4:2:2 extended precision 10-bits per component in U0Y0V0Y1 order. Registered by
Rich Ehlers
of Evans & Sutherland. (Awaiting confirmation of component packing structure)
UYVY
0x59565955
16
YUV 4:2:2 (Y sample at every pixel, U and V sampled at every second
pixel horizontally on each line). A macropixel contains 2 pixels in 1
u_int32.
V210
0x30313256
32
10-bit 4:2:2 YCrCb equivalent to the Quicktime format of the same name.
V422
0x32323456
16
I am told that this is an upside down version of UYVY.
V655
0x35353656
16?
16 bit YUV 4:2:2 format registered by Vitec Multimedia. I have no information on the component ordering or packing.
VYUY
0x59555956
?
ATI Packed YUV Data (format unknown but you can get hold of a codec supporting it
here
)
Y422
0x32323459
16
Direct copy of UYVY as used by ADS Technologies Pyro WebCam firewire camera.
YUY2
0x32595559
16
YUV 4:2:2 as for UYVY but with different component ordering within the u_int32 macropixel.
YUYV
0x56595559
16
Duplicate of YUY2
YUNV
0x564E5559
16
A direct copy of
YUY2
registered by NVidia to work around problems in some old codecs which
did not like hardware which offered more than 2 YUY2 surfaces.
YVYU
0x55595659
16
YUV 4:2:2 as for UYVY but with different component ordering within the u_int32 macropixel.
Y41P
0x50313459
12
YUV 4:1:1 (Y sample at every pixel, U and V sampled at every fourth
pixel horizontally on each line). A macropixel contains 8 pixels in 3
u_int32s.
Y411
0x31313459
12
YUV 4:1:1 with a packed, 6 byte/4 pixel macroblock structure.
Y211
0x31313259
8
Packed YUV format with Y sampled at every second pixel across each line and U and V sampled at every fourth pixel.
Y41T
0x54313459
12
Format as for Y41P but the lsb of each Y component is used to signal pixel transparency .
Y42T
0x54323459
16
Format as for UYVY but the lsb of each Y component is used to signal pixel transparency .
YUVP
0x50565559
24?
YCbCr 4:2:2 extended precision 10-bits per component in Y0U0Y1V0 order. Registered by
Rich Ehlers
of Evans & Sutherland.
Y800
0x30303859
8
Simple, single Y plane for monochrome images.
Y8
0x20203859
8
Duplicate of Y800 as far as I can see.
Y16
0x20363159
16
16-bit uncompressed greyscale image.
AYUV
This is a 4:4:4 YUV format with 8 bit samples for each component
along with an 8 bit alpha blend value per pixel. Component ordering is
A Y U V (as the name suggests).
UYVY (and Y422 and UYNV and HDYC)
UYVY is probably the most popular of the various YUV 4:2:2 formats.
It is output as the format of choice by the Radius Cinepak codec and is often the second
choice of software MPEG codecs after YV12.
Y422 and UYNV appear to be direct equivalents to the original UYVY.
HDYC is equivalent in layout but pixels are described using the
BT709 color space as used in HD video systems rather than the BT470 SD
video color space typically used. Apparently there is a description in
the DeckLink DirectShow SDK documentation at
http://blackmagic-design.com/support/software/archive/
, find DeckLink SDK 5.6.2 for Windows XP and download
http://blackmagic-design.com/support/software/register.asp?softID=108
, set product to None, serial no is not required), see "Video Formats" section.

Horizontal
Vertical
Y Sample Period
1
1
V Sample Period
2
1
U Sample Period
2
1
Effective bits per pixel : 16
Positive biHeight implies top-down imge (top line first)

IUYV
IUYV
is basically the same as UYVY with the exception that the data is interlaced.
Lines are ordered 0,2,4,....,1,3,5.... instead of 0,1,2,3,4,5,....
cyuv
This FOURCC, allegedly registered by Creative Labs, is essentially a
duplicate of UYVY. The only difference is that the image is flipped vertically, the first
u_int16 in the buffer representing the bottom line of the viewed image. Note that the
FOURCC is comprised of lower case characters (so much for the upper case convention !)

Horizontal
Vertical
Y Sample Period
1
1
V Sample Period
2
1
U Sample Period
2
1
Effective bits per pixel : 16
Positive biHeight implies bottom-up image (botton line first)

YUY2 (and YUNV and V422 and YUYV)
YUY2 is another in the family of YUV 4:2:2 formats and appears to be
used by all the same codecs as UYVY.

Horizontal
Vertical
Y Sample Period
1
1
V Sample Period
2
1
U Sample Period
2
1
Effective bits per pixel : 16
Positive biHeight implies top-down image (top line first)

There
is a
help page here
which contains information on
playing AVIs which include video stored in YUY2 format.
YVYU
Despite being a simple byte ordering change from YUY2 or UYVY, YVYU
seems to be seen somewhat less often than the other two formats defined above.

Horizontal
Vertical
Y Sample Period
1
1
V Sample Period
2
1
U Sample Period
2
1
Effective bits per pixel : 16
Positive biHeight implies top-down image (top line first)

Y41P
This YUV 4:1:1 format is registered as a PCI standard format.
Mediamatics MPEG 1 engine is the only codec (other than a Brooktree internal one) that I
know of that can generate it.

Horizontal
Vertical
Y Sample Period
1
1
V Sample Period
4
1
U Sample Period
4
1
Effective bits per pixel : 12
Positive biHeight implies top-down image (top line first)

Y411
I was originally told that this was a duplicate of
Y41P
however it seems that this is not the case after all. Y411 is a packed
YUV 4:1:1 format with a 6 pixel macroblock structure containing 4
pixels. Component packing order is:
U2 Y0 Y1 V2 Y2 Y3
I have not been able to find 100% confirmation of the position for
the U and V samples. I suspect that the chroma samples are probably
both taken at the position of Y2 but this is a guess just now.
I have recently been informed that this format is identical to
IYU1
.

Horizontal
Vertical
Y Sample Period
1
1
V Sample Period
4
1
U Sample Period
4
1
Effective bits per pixel : 12
Positive biHeight implies top-down image (top line first)
IY41
IY41
is basically the same as Y41P with the exception that the data is interlaced.
Lines are ordered 0,2,4,....,1,3,5.... instead of 0,1,2,3,4,5,....
Y211
I have yet to find anything that will output Y211 ! The format looks
very much like the missing YUV 4:2:2 ordering but Y samples are only taken on every second
pixel. Think of it as a half width 4:2:2 image and double the width on display.

Horizontal
Vertical
Y Sample Period
2
1
V Sample Period
4
1
U Sample Period
4
1
Effective bits per pixel : 8
Positive biHeight implies top-down image (top line first)

Y41T
This format is identical to
Y41P
except for the
fact that the least significant bit of each Y component forms a chromakey channel. If this
bit is set, the YUV image pixel is displayed, if cleared, the pixel is transparent (and
the underlying graphics pixel is shown).
Positive biHeight implies top-down image (top line first)
Y42T
This format is identical to
UYVY
except for the
fact that the least significant bit of each Y component forms a chromakey channel. If this
bit is set, the YUV image pixel is displayed, if cleared, the pixel is transparent (and
the underlying graphics pixel is shown).
Positive biHeight implies top-down image (top line first)
CLJR
Cirrus Logic's format packs 4 pixel samples into a single u_int32 by
sacrificing precision on each sample. Y samples are truncated to 5 bits each, U and V have
6 bits per sample.

Horizontal
Vertical
Y Sample Period
1
1
V Sample Period
4
1
U Sample Period
4
1
Effective bits per pixel : 8
Positive biHeight implies top-down image (top line first)

IYU1
The IYU1 format is a 12 bit format used in mode 2 of the IEEE 1394
Digital Camera 1.04 spec ("1394-based Digital Camera Specification,
Version 1.04, August 9, 1996", page 14.). The format, a duplicate of
Y411
, is YUV (4:1:1) according to the following pattern:
Byte
0
1
2
3
4
5
Sample
U(K+0)
Y(K+0)
Y(K+1)
V(K+0)
Y(K+2)
Y(K+3)


Horizontal
Vertical
Y Sample Period
1
1
V Sample Period
4
1
U Sample Period
4
1
IYU2
The IYU2 format is a 24 bit format used in mode 0 of the IEEE 1394
Digital Camera 1.04 spec (ibid.) The format is YUV (4:4:4) according to
the following pattern:
Byte
0
1
2
3
4
5
Sample
U(K+0)
Y(K+0)
V(K+0)
U(K+1)
Y(K+1)
V(K+1)

Horizontal
Vertical
Y Sample Period
1
1
V Sample Period
1
1
U Sample Period
1
1
YUVP
This is another format similar to YUY2 and it's aliases. The
difference here is that each Y, U and V samples is 10 bits rather than
8. I am still waiting to hear how the samples are packed - is a
macropixel just 5 bytes long with all the samples packed together or is
there more to it than this?
V210
AJA Video Systems
have implemented this Quicktime format for Windows. It is a 10 bit per
component, YCrCb 4:2:2 format in which samples for 5 pixels are packed
into 4 4-byte little endian words. Rather than repeat the details here,
I suggest looking at the
original definition on the Quicktime web site
.
Supposedly there are images described as "YUV10" that are formatted
similarly to this aside from the bit ordering (the correspondent
mentioned having to run ntoh on the pixel data to reformat from YUV10
to V210. Despite 20 years of C, I've not heard of ntoh but I suspect it
performs big-endian to little-endian conversion).
Planar YUV Formats
Label
FOURCC in Hex
Bits per pixel
Description
YVU9
0x39555659
9
8 bit Y plane followed by 8 bit 4x4 subsampled V and U planes.
      Registered by Intel.
YUV9
0x39565559
9?
Registered by Intel., this is the format used internally by Indeo video code
IF09
0x39304649
9.5
As YVU9 but an additional 4x4 subsampled plane is appended
containing delta information relative to the last frame. (Bpp is reported as 9)
YV16
0x36315659
16
8 bit Y plane followed by 8 bit 2x1 subsampled V and U planes.
YV12
0x32315659
12
8 bit Y plane followed by 8 bit 2x2 subsampled V and U planes.
I420
0x30323449
12
8 bit Y plane followed by 8 bit 2x2 subsampled U and V planes.
IYUV
0x56555949
12
Duplicate FOURCC, identical to I420.
NV12
0x3231564E
12
8-bit
      Y plane followed by an interleaved U/V plane with 2x2 subsampling
NV21
0x3132564E
12
As
      NV12 with U and V reversed in the interleaved plane
IMC1
0x31434D49
12
As
      YV12 except the U and V planes each have the same stride as the Y plane
IMC2
0x32434D49
12
Similar
      to IMC1 except that the U and V lines are interleaved at half stride
      boundaries
IMC3
0x33434D49
12
As
      IMC1 except that U and V are swapped
IMC4
0x34434D49
12
As
      IMC2 except that U and V are swapped
CLPL
0x4C504C43
12
Format similar to YV12 but including a level of indirection.
Y41B
0x42313459
12?
Weitek
      format listed as "YUV 4:1:1 planar". I have no other information
      on this format.
Y42B
0x42323459
16?
Weitek
      format listed as "YUV 4:2:2 planar". I have no other information
      on this format.
Y800
0x30303859
8
Simple,
      single Y plane for monochrome images.
Y8
0x20203859
8
Duplicate
      of Y800 as far as I can see.
CXY1
0x31595843
12
Awaiting clarification of format.
CXY2
0x32595842
16
Awaiting clarification of format.
YVU9
This format dates back to the days of the ActionMedia II adapter and
comprises an NxN plane of Y samples, 8 bits each, followed by (N/4)x(N/4) V and U planes.

Horizontal
Vertical
Y Sample Period
1
1
V Sample Period
4
4
U Sample Period
4
4





Positive biHeight implies top-down image (top line first)
ATI
has a codec supporting this format that you can download from
here
.
YUV9
Intel's web site
states that YUV9 is "the
color encoding scheme used in Indeo video technology. The YUV9 format
stores information in 4x4 pixel blocks. Sixteen bytes of luminance are
stored for every 1 byte of chrominance. For example, a 640x480 image
will have 307,200 bytes of luminance and 19,200 bytes of chrominance."
This sounds exactly the same as
YVU9
to me. Anyone know if there is any difference?
IF09
A derivative of YVU9, IF09 contains the basic 3 planes for Y, V and
U followed by an additional (N/4)x(N/4) plane of "skip blocks". This final plane
forms a basic delta encoding scheme which can be used by a displayer to decide which
pixels in the image are unchanged from the previous displayed frame. The strange number of
bits per pixel listed for the format results from the fact that an NxN image is described
using N2+3(N/4)2 bytes.
This format is generated by Intel's Indeo codecs though users should
beware - the original 32 bit Indeo 3.2 shipped with Windows 95 and the beta levels of
Indeo 4.1 contain bugs which cause them to generate protection faults when using IF09.
Fixed versions of these codecs are available from Intel.

Horizontal
Vertical
Y Sample Period
1
1
V Sample Period
4
4
U Sample Period
4
4





Positive biHeight implies top-down image (top line first)
Delta plane definition
To be completed...
YV12
This is the format of choice for many software MPEG codecs. It comprises an NxM Y plane followed by (N/2)x(M/2) V and U planes.

Horizontal
Vertical
Y Sample Period
1
1
V Sample Period
2
2
U Sample Period
2
2





   
Positive biHeight implies top-down image (top line first)
ATI says they have
a download which contains this codec
but I can't find it on their site. If you would like something similar for Quicktime,
try here
.
YV16
This format is basically a version of
YV12
with higher chroma resolution. It comprises an NxM Y plane followed by (N/2)xM U and V planes.

Horizontal
Vertical
Y Sample Period
1
1
V Sample Period
2
1
U Sample Period
2
1
IYUV and I420
These formats are identical to YV12 except that the U and V plane
order is reversed. They comprise an NxN Y plane followed by (N/2)x(N/2) U and V planes.
Full marks to Intel for registering the same format twice and full marks to Microsoft for
not picking up on this and rejecting the second registration.
(Note: There is some confusion over these formats thanks to the definitions on
Microsoft's site
which tend to suggest that the two FOURCCs are different. One is
described as a 4:2:0 format while the other is described as 4:1:1.
Later, however, the same page states that YV12 is the same as both of
these with the U and V plane order reversed. I would consider 4:2:0 to
imply 1 chroma sample for every 2x2 luma block and 4:1:1 to imply 1
chroma sample for every 4x1 luma block but it seems as if the Microsoft
writer may have been using the terms interchangeably. If you know these
formats, please could you
let me know
whether the definition here is correct or whether I need to update one or other?)

Horizontal
Vertical
Y Sample Period
1
1
V Sample Period
2
2
U Sample Period
2
2





Positive biHeight implies top-down image (top line first)
CLPL
This format introduces an extra level of indirection in the process
of accessing YUV pixels in the surface. Locking the DirectDraw or DCI CLPL surface returns
a pointer which itself points to three other pointers. These pointers respectively point
to an NxN Y plane, an (N/2)x(N/2) U plane and an (N/2)x(N/2) V plane. The Y plane pointer
retrieved is (allegedly) valid even when the surface is subsequently unlocked but the U
and V pointers can only be used with a lock held (as you should be doing anyway if
adhereing to the DirectDraw/DCI spec).

Horizontal
Vertical
Y Sample Period
1
1
V Sample Period
2
2
U Sample Period
2
2





Positive biHeight implies top-down image (top line first)
Y800
This
format contains only a single, 8 bit Y plane for monochrome images. Apparent
duplicate FOURCCs are "Y8" and "GREY".

Horizontal
Vertical
Y Sample Period
1
1
V Sample Period
N/A
N/A
U Sample Period
N/A
N/A

  
Y16
This format contains only a single, 16 bit Y plane for monochrome
images. Each pixel is represented by a 16 bit, little endian luminance
sample.

Horizontal
Vertical
Y Sample Period
1
1
V Sample Period
N/A
N/A
U Sample Period
N/A
N/A

   
NV12
YUV
4:2:0 image with a plane of 8 bit Y samples followed by an interleaved U/V plane
containing 8 bit 2x2 subsampled colour difference samples.

Horizontal
Vertical
Y Sample Period
1
1
V
      (Cr) Sample Period
2
2
U
      (Cb) Sample Period
2
2
Microsoft
defines this format as follows:
"A format in which all Y samples are found
  first in memory as an array of unsigned char with an even number of lines
  (possibly with a larger stride for memory alignment), followed immediately by
  an array of unsigned char containing interleaved Cb and Cr samples (such that
  if addressed as a little-endian WORD type, Cb would be in the LSBs and Cr
  would be in the MSBs) with the same total stride as the Y samples. This is the
  preferred 4:2:0 pixel format."
NV21
YUV
4:2:0 image with a plane of 8 bit Y samples followed by an interleaved V/U plane
containing 8 bit 2x2 subsampled chroma samples. The same as
NV12
except the interleave order of U and V is reversed.

Horizontal
Vertical
Y Sample Period
1
1
V
      (Cr) Sample Period
2
2
U
      (Cb) Sample Period
2
2
Microsoft
defines this format as follows:
"The same as
NV12
, except
  that Cb and Cr samples are swapped so that the chroma array of unsigned char
  would have Cr followed by Cb for each sample (such that if addressed as a
  little-endian WORD type, Cr would be in the LSBs and Cb would be in the MSBs)."
IMC1

Similar
to
YV12
, this format comprises an NxN Y plane followed by (N/2)x(N/2) U and V planes.
The U and V planes have the same stride as the Y plane and are restricted to
start on 16 line boundaries.

Horizontal
Vertical
Y Sample Period
1
1
V
      (Cr) Sample Period
2
2
U
      (Cb) Sample Period
2
2
Microsoft
defines this format as follows:
"The same as
YV12
, except
  that the stride of the Cb and Cr planes is the same as the stride in the Y
  plane. The Cb and Cr planes are also restricted to fall on memory boundaries
  that are a multiple of 16 lines (a restriction that has no effect on usage for
  the standard formats, since the standards all use 16×16 macroblocks)."
IMC2

Similar
to
YV12
, this format comprises an NxN Y plane followed by
"rectangularly adjacent" (N/2)x(N/2) U and V planes. Lines of U and V
pixels are interleaved at half stride boundaries below the Y plane.

Horizontal
Vertical
Y Sample Period
1
1
V
      (Cr) Sample Period
2
2
U
      (Cb) Sample Period
2
2
Microsoft
defines this format as follows:
"The same as
IMC1
, except
  that Cb and Cr lines are interleaved at half-stride boundaries. In other
  words, each full-stride line in the chrominance area starts with a line of Cr,
  followed by a line of Cb that starts at the next half-stride boundary. (This
  is a more address-space-efficient format than
IMC1
,
  cutting the chrominance address space in half, and thus cutting the total
  address space by 25%.) This runs a close second in preference relative to
NV12
,
  but
NV12
appears to be more popular."
IMC3
The same as
IMC1
except for swapping
the U and V order.
IMC4
The same as
IMC2
except for swapping the U and V order.
CXY1
Planar YUV 4:1:1 format registered by Conexant. Awaiting clarification of pixel component ordering.
CXY2
Planar YUV 4:2:2 format registered by Conexant. Awaiting clarification of pixel component ordering.
BTW:
http://www.fourcc.org/


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