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数据库学习:MySQL Join详解
出处:CSDN
责任编辑:ljx
http://www.pconline.com.cn/pcedu/empolder/db/0401/301726.html
[04-1-30 14] 作者:DennisLan
还是先 Create table 吧
create table emp(
id int not null primary key,
name varchar(10)
);
create table emp_dept(
dept_id varchar(4) not null,
emp_id int not null,
emp_name varchar(10),
primary key (dept_id,emp_id));
insert into emp() values
(1,"Dennis-1" ,
(2,"Dennis-2" ,
(3,"Dennis-3" ,
(4,"Dennis-4" ,
(5,"Dennis-5" ,
(6,"Dennis-6" ,
(7,"Dennis-7" ,
(8,"Dennis-8" ,
(9,"Dennis-9" ,
(10,"Dennis-10" ;
insert into emp_dept() values
("R&D",1,"Dennis-1"),
("DEv",2,"Dennis-2"),
("R&D",3,"Dennis-3"),
("Test",4,"Dennis-4"),
("Test",5,"Dennis-5");
>;>; left join
-------------
select a.id,a.name,b.dept_id
from emp a left join emp_dept b on (a.id=b.emp_id);
# 挑出左边的 table emp 中的所有资料,即使 emp_dept 中没有的资料也挑出来,没有的就用 NULL 来显示,
# 也即显示资料是以左边的 table emp 中的资料为基础
mysql>; select a.id,a.name,b.dept_id
->; from emp a left join emp_dept b on (a.id=b.emp_id);
+----+-----------+---------+
| id | name | dept_id |
+----+-----------+---------+
| 1 | Dennis-1 | R&D |
| 2 | Dennis-2 | DEv |
| 3 | Dennis-3 | R&D |
| 4 | Dennis-4 | Test |
| 5 | Dennis-5 | Test |
| 6 | Dennis-6 | NULL |
| 7 | Dennis-7 | NULL |
| 8 | Dennis-8 | NULL |
| 9 | Dennis-9 | NULL |
| 10 | Dennis-10 | NULL |
+----+-----------+---------+
# 挑出 table emp 中有而 table emp_dept 中没有的人员资料
select a.id,a.name,b.dept_id
from emp a left join emp_dept b on (a.id=b.emp_id)
where b.dept_id IS NULL;
mysql>; select a.id,a.name,b.dept_id
->; from emp a left join emp_dept b on (a.id=b.emp_id)
->; where b.dept_id IS NULL;
+----+-----------+---------+
| id | name | dept_id |
+----+-----------+---------+
| 6 | Dennis-6 | NULL |
| 7 | Dennis-7 | NULL |
| 8 | Dennis-8 | NULL |
| 9 | Dennis-9 | NULL |
| 10 | Dennis-10 | NULL |
+----+-----------+---------+
# 把 table emp_dept 放在左边的情形(当然以 emp_dept 中的数据为基础来显示资料,emp 中比emp_dept 中多的资料也就不会显示出来了):
select a.id,a.name,b.dept_id
from emp_dept b left join emp a on (a.id=b.emp_id);
mysql>; select a.id,a.name,b.dept_id
->; from emp_dept b left join emp a on (a.id=b.emp_id);
+------+----------+---------+
| id | name | dept_id |
+------+----------+---------+
| 2 | Dennis-2 | DEv |
| 1 | Dennis-1 | R&D |
| 3 | Dennis-3 | R&D |
| 4 | Dennis-4 | Test |
| 5 | Dennis-5 | Test |
+------+----------+---------+
>;>; right join
---------------
select a.id,a.name,b.dept_id
from emp a right join emp_dept b on (a.id=b.emp_id);
# 挑资料时以右边 table emp_dept 中的资料为基础来显示资料
mysql>; select a.id,a.name,b.dept_id
->; from emp a right join emp_dept b on (a.id=b.emp_id);
+------+----------+---------+
| id | name | dept_id |
+------+----------+---------+
| 2 | Dennis-2 | DEv |
| 1 | Dennis-1 | R&D |
| 3 | Dennis-3 | R&D |
| 4 | Dennis-4 | Test |
| 5 | Dennis-5 | Test |
+------+----------+---------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
# 我们再把 table 的位置交换一下,再用 right join 试试
select a.id,a.name,b.dept_id
from emp_dept b right join emp a on (a.id=b.emp_id);
mysql>; select a.id,a.name,b.dept_id
->; from emp_dept b right join emp a on (a.id=b.emp_id);
+----+-----------+---------+
| id | name | dept_id |
+----+-----------+---------+
| 1 | Dennis-1 | R&D |
| 2 | Dennis-2 | DEv |
| 3 | Dennis-3 | R&D |
| 4 | Dennis-4 | Test |
| 5 | Dennis-5 | Test |
| 6 | Dennis-6 | NULL |
| 7 | Dennis-7 | NULL |
| 8 | Dennis-8 | NULL |
| 9 | Dennis-9 | NULL |
| 10 | Dennis-10 | NULL |
+----+-----------+---------+
# 是不是和 left join 一样了?
>;>; direct join
--------------
# 如果用right join 同不用 Join 直接挑资料是相同的,它等介於以下的指令
select a.id,a.name,b.dept_id
from emp a ,emp_dept b
where a.id=b.emp_id;
mysql>; select a.id,a.name,b.dept_id
->; from emp a ,emp_dept b
->; where a.id=b.emp_id;
+----+----------+---------+
| id | name | dept_id |
+----+----------+---------+
| 2 | Dennis-2 | DEv |
| 1 | Dennis-1 | R&D |
| 3 | Dennis-3 | R&D |
| 4 | Dennis-4 | Test |
| 5 | Dennis-5 | Test |
+----+----------+---------+
怎样,弄明白了吗?
Enjoy it! |
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