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发表于 2004-05-24 01:43 |只看该作者 |倒序浏览

菜鸟花了大约两个月装了一台linux server，包括kernel/apache2/PHP(GD)/MYSQL/qmail(smtp用户认证)/pureftp等，现在贴出来让大家分享，有问题请到http://www.garhee.com/bbs/的linux论坛提问（转贴别删）

1、安装linux和重编译linux内核

先到redhat.com下载linux 7.3, 和kernel.org下载需要的linux kernel版本

为什么选择7.3？因为简单，集成的东西少，我只需要http ftp mysql mail，而且为了发扬diy精神，我全部软件都从源代码安装。

安装linux时，注意不要把不要的东西安装

到kernel.org下载你需要的kernel代码包，我下载的是2.4.20  25在linux7.3上我没有编译通过，不知哪位大侠编译通过的，劳驾到我的论坛http://www.garhee.com/bbs/告诉我一声，谢谢！

进入到linux kernel代码的目录，
更改Makefile文件中的EXTRAVERSION = minikernel，并且把安装时装进去的linux kernel0的源代码的config文件拷贝过来用，在redhat最好使用redhat自己提供的config文件
执行下面的命令：
make menuconfig
make dep
make bzImage
make modules
make modules_install

在make menuconfig时，可以去掉这些没必要的东西：
Plug and Play configuration
Telephony Support
IEEE 1394 (FireWire) support (EXPERIMENTAL)
Amateur Radio support
IrDA (infrared) support
ISDN subsystem
Multimedia devices
Sound
USB support
Bluetooth support

其他的子选项请读者自己斟酌去掉以缩小内核大小，还有记得另存为自己知道的config文件

由于我用的是scsi(aix79xx)硬盘，所以到http://adaptec.com下载了最新版本的驱动aic79xx-2.0.2-source.tar.gz，覆盖了drivers/scsi/aic79xx目录，再编译。

这样，硬盘哗啦哗啦的转了一大段时间后，终于编译完成了，该执行如下步骤：
cp arch/i386/boot/bzImage /boot/vmlinuz-2.4.20minikernel
cp vmlinux /boot/vmlinux-2.4.20minikernel
cp System.map /boot/System.map-2.4.20minikernel

cd /lib/modules
mkinitrd /boot/initrd-2.4.20minikernel.img  2.4.20minikernel

这时候编译好的内核就拷贝到/boot目录下了，更改/boot/grub/grub.conf或/etc/lilo.conf，增加一条启动项目指向编译好的新内核。lilo启动的话还有执行/sbin/lilo -v。重启后就可以选择新内核了。

另外，一定要ntsysv禁用掉telnet，用ssh

参考文章：《浅谈Linux安全》 http://www.phpx.com/index.php?itemid=227
            《linux下SSH配合SecureCRT的密匙完美使用方法》 http://www.5ilinux.com/ssh01.html

2、安装apache2

到apache.org下载最新的apache2版本，解压并执行：
./configure --prefix=/server/apache2 --enable-so \
--enable-mods-shared=most
make
make install

参考文章：《apache的静态/动态编译在apache+php+mysql的应用》http://www.5ilinux.com/apache01.html

3、安装mysql

到mysql.com下载，编译命令：
./configure --prefix=/server/mysql
make
make install
在/etc/ld.so.conf增加一行：
/server/mysql/lib/mysql
执行ldconfig

4、安装php+gd+zlib+freetype2+mmcache

freetype2
到http://www.freetype.org/下载最新版本的freetype2，编译命令：
./configure --prefix=/server/freetype2
make
make install

zlib
到http://www.zlib.org/或http://www.gzip.org/zlib/下载最新版本的zlib，编译命令：
./configure --prefix=/server/zlib
make
make install

gd
到http://www.boutell.com/gd/下载最新版本
./configure  --prefix=/server/gdlib \
--with-png=/usr \
--with-jpeg=/usr \
--with-freetype=/server/freetype
make
make install
在/etc/ld.so.conf增加一行：
/server/gdlib/lib
执行ldconfig

php
到php.net下载php4，我安装时php5用不了mmcache，新版本不知出来了没有
./configure --prefix=/server/php \
--with-config-file-path=/server/php/etc \
--with-mysql=/server/mysql \
--with-apxs2=/server/apache2/bin/apxs \
--with-gd=/server/gdlib \
--enable-gd-native-ttf \
--enable-gd-imgstrttf \
--with-jpeg-dir=/usr/lib \
--with-png-dir=/usr/lib \
--with-zlib-dir=/server/zlib \
--with-freetype-dir=/server/freetype2

mmcache
到http://turck-mmcache.sourceforge.net下载
export PHP_PREFIX="/server/php"
   $PHP_PREFIX/bin/phpize
./configure --enable-mmcache=shared --with-php-config=$PHP_PREFIX/bin/php-config
make
make install
在php.ini文件Dynamic Extensions中增加：
   extension="/server/php/lib/php/extensions/mmcache.so"
   mmcache.shm_size="16"
   mmcache.cache_dir="/tmp/mmcache"
   mmcache.enable="1"
   mmcache.optimizer="1"
   mmcache.check_mtime="1"
   mmcache.debug="0"
   mmcache.filter=""
   mmcache.shm_max="0"
   mmcache.shm_ttl="0"
   mmcache.shm_prune_period="0"
   mmcache.shm_only="0"
   mmcache.compress="1"
建目录：
mkdir /tmp/mmcache
chmod 0777 /tmp/mmcache

参考文章：《PHP 利器一箩筐》http://www.phpx.com/index.php?itemid=237

5、安装qmail
到http://www.qmail.org/下载qmail最新版本和ucspi-tcp daemontools
到http://www.inter7.com/下载vpopmail qmailadmin sqwebmail最新版本

qmail
安装文档qmail       http://www.lifewithqmail.org/lwq.html#installation-issues
         ucspi       http://cr.yp.to/ucspi-tcp.html
         daemontools  http://cr.yp.to/daemontools.html

安装ucspi-tcp：
make
make setup check

安装deamontools：
package/install

mkdir /var/qmail
groupadd nofiles
useradd qmaild -g nofiles -d /var/qmail -s /bin/false
useradd alias -g nofiles -d /var/qmail/alias -s /bin/false
useradd qmaill -g nofiles -d /var/qmail -s /bin/false
useradd qmailp -g nofiles -d /var/qmail -s /bin/false
groupadd qmail
useradd qmailq -g qmail -d /var/qmail -s /bin/false
useradd qmailr -g qmail -d /var/qmail -s /bin/false
useradd qmails -g qmail -d /var/qmail -s /bin/false

make setup check

生成文件/var/qmail/rc
#!/bin/sh
# Using stdout for logging
# Using control/defaultdelivery from qmail-local to deliver message by default
exec env - PATH="/var/qmail/bin

PATH" \
qmail-start " cat /var/qmail/control/defaultdelivery "

chmod 755 /var/qmail/rc
mkdir /var/log/qmail

echo ./Mailbox >;/var/qmail/control/defaultdelivery

生成文件/var/qmail/bin/qmailctl
#!/bin/sh

# description: the qmail MTA

PATH=/var/qmail/bin:/bin:/usr/bin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/local/sbin
export PATH

QMAILDUID=`id -u qmaild`
NOFILESGID=`id -g qmaild`

case "$1" in
   start)
      echo "Starting qmail"
      if svok /service/qmail-send ; then
      svc -u /service/qmail-send /service/qmail-send/log
      else
      echo "qmail-send supervise not running"
      fi
      if svok /service/qmail-smtpd ; then
      svc -u /service/qmail-smtpd /service/qmail-smtpd/log
      else
      echo "qmail-smtpd supervise not running"
      fi
      if svok /service/qmail-pop3d ; then
      svc -u /service/qmail-pop3d /service/qmail-pop3d/log
      else
      echo qmail-pop3d supervise not running
      fi
      if [ -d /var/lock/subsys ]; then
      touch /var/lock/subsys/qmail
      fi
      ;;
   stop)
      echo "Stopping qmail..."
      echo "  qmail-smtpd"
      svc -d /service/qmail-smtpd /service/qmail-smtpd/log
      echo "  qmail-send"
      svc -d /service/qmail-send /service/qmail-send/log
      echo "  qmail-pop3d"
      svc -d /service/qmail-pop3d /service/qmail-pop3d/log
      if [ -f /var/lock/subsys/qmail ]; then
      rm /var/lock/subsys/qmail
      fi
      ;;
   stat)
      svstat /service/qmail-send
      svstat /service/qmail-send/log
      svstat /service/qmail-smtpd
      svstat /service/qmail-smtpd/log
      svstat /service/qmail-pop3d
      svstat /service/qmail-pop3d/log
      qmail-qstat
      ;;
   doqueue|alrm|flush)
      echo "Flushing timeout table and sending ALRM signal to qmail-send."
      /var/qmail/bin/qmail-tcpok
      svc -a /service/qmail-send
      ;;
   queue)
      qmail-qstat
      qmail-qread
      ;;
   reload|hup)
      echo "Sending HUP signal to qmail-send."
      svc -h /service/qmail-send
      ;;
   pause)
      echo "

ausing qmail-send"
svc -p /service/qmail-send
echo "

ausing qmail-smtpd"
svc -p /service/qmail-smtpd
echo "

ausing qmail-pop3d"
      svc -p /service/qmail-pop3d
      ;;
   cont)
      echo "Continuing qmail-send"
      svc -c /service/qmail-send
      echo "Continuing qmail-smtpd"
      svc -c /service/qmail-smtpd
      echo "Continuing qmail-pop3d"
      svc -c /service/qmail-pop3d
      ;;
   restart)
      echo "Restarting qmail:"
      echo "* Stopping qmail-smtpd."
      svc -d /service/qmail-smtpd /service/qmail-smtpd/log
      echo "* Sending qmail-send SIGTERM and restarting."
      svc -t /service/qmail-send /service/qmail-send/log
      echo "* Restarting qmail-smtpd."
      svc -u /service/qmail-smtpd /service/qmail-smtpd/log
      echo "* Restarting qmail-pop3d."
      svc -t /service/qmail-pop3d /service/qmail-pop3d/log
      ;;
   cdb)
      tcprules /etc/qmail/tcp.smtp.cdb /etc/qmail/tcp.smtp.tmp < /etc/qmail/tcp.smtp
      chmod 644 /etc/qmail/tcp.smtp.cdb
      echo "Reloaded /etc/qmail/tcp.smtp."
      tcprules /etc/qmail/tcp.pop3.cdb /etc/qmail/tcp.pop3.tmp < /etc/qmail/tcp.pop3
      chmod 644 /etc/qmail/tcp.smtp.cdb
      echo "Reloaded /etc/qmail/tcp.pop3."
      ;;
   help)
      cat <<HELP
   stop -- stops mail service (smtp connections refused, nothing goes out)
   start -- starts mail service (smtp connection accepted, mail can go out)
   pause -- temporarily stops mail service (connections accepted, nothing leaves)
   cont -- continues paused mail service
   stat -- displays status of mail service
      cdb -- rebuild the tcpserver cdb file for smtp
restart -- stops and restarts smtp, sends qmail-send a TERM & restarts it
doqueue -- schedules queued messages for immediate delivery
   reload -- sends qmail-send HUP, rereading locals and virtualdomains
   queue -- shows status of queue
   alrm -- same as doqueue
   flush -- same as doqueue
      hup -- same as reload
HELP
      ;;
   *)
      echo "Usage: $0 {start|stop|restart|doqueue|flush|reload|stat|pause|cont|cdb|queue|help}"
      exit 1
      ;;
esac

exit 0

mkdir -p /var/qmail/supervise/qmail-send/log
mkdir -p /var/qmail/supervise/qmail-smtpd/log

生成/var/qmail/supervise/qmail-send/run
#!/bin/sh
exec /var/qmail/rc

生成/var/qmail/supervise/qmail-send/log/run
#!/bin/sh
exec /usr/local/bin/setuidgid qmaill /usr/local/bin/multilog t /var/log/qmail

生成/var/qmail/supervise/qmail-smtpd/run
#!/bin/sh

QMAILDUID=`id -u vpopmail`
NOFILESGID=`id -g vpopmail`
MAXSMTPD=`cat /var/qmail/control/concurrencyincoming`
LOCAL=`head -1 /var/qmail/control/me`

if [ -z "$QMAILDUID" -o -z "$NOFILESGID" -o -z "$MAXSMTPD" -o -z "$LOCAL" ]; then
      echo QMAILDUID, NOFILESGID, MAXSMTPD, or LOCAL is unset in
      echo /var/qmail/supervise/qmail-smtpd/run
      exit 1
fi

if [ ! -f /var/qmail/control/rcpthosts ]; then
      echo "No /var/qmail/control/rcpthosts!"
      echo "Refusing to start SMTP listener because it'll create an open relay"
      exit 1
fi

exec /usr/local/bin/softlimit -m 5000000 \
/usr/local/bin/tcpserver -v -R -l "$LOCAL" -x /etc/qmail/tcp.smtp.cdb -c "$MAXSMTPD" \
            -u "$QMAILDUID" -g "$NOFILESGID" 0 smtp /var/qmail/bin/qmail-smtpd 2>;&1

生成/var/qmail/supervise/qmail-smtpd/log/run
#!/bin/sh
exec /usr/local/bin/setuidgid qmaill /usr/local/bin/multilog t /var/log/qmail/smtpd

生成/var/qmail/supervise/qmail-pop3d/run

#!/bin/sh

QMAILDUID=`id -u vpopmail`
NOFILESGID=`id -g vpopmail`
LOCAL=`head -1 /var/qmail/control/me`

if [ -z "$QMAILDUID" -o -z "$NOFILESGID" -o -z "$LOCAL" ]; then
      echo QMAILDUID, NOFILESGID, or LOCAL is unset in
      echo /var/qmail/supervise/qmail-pop3d/run
      exit 1
fi

exec /usr/local/bin/softlimit -m 5000000 \
      /usr/local/bin/tcpserver -R -H -x /etc/qmail/tcp.pop3.cdb \
         -u "$QMAILDUID" -g "$NOFILESGID" 0 110 /var/qmail/bin/qmail-popup \
         "$LOCAL" /server/vpopmail/bin/vchkpw /var/qmail/bin/qmail-pop3d Maildir  2>;&1

生成/var/qmail/supervise/qmail-pop3d/log/run
#!/bin/sh
exec /usr/local/bin/setuidgid qmaill /usr/local/bin/multilog t \
      /var/log/qmail/pop3d

echo 20 >; /var/qmail/control/concurrencyincoming
chmod 644 /var/qmail/control/concurrencyincoming

chmod 755 /var/qmail/supervise/qmail-send/run
chmod 755 /var/qmail/supervise/qmail-send/log/run
chmod 755 /var/qmail/supervise/qmail-smtpd/run
chmod 755 /var/qmail/supervise/qmail-smtpd/log/run

mkdir -p /var/log/qmail/smtpd
chown qmaill /var/log/qmail /var/log/qmail/smtpd
mkdir -p /var/log/qmail/pop3d
chown qmaill /var/log/qmail /var/log/qmail/pop3d

mkdir  /etc/qmail
echo '127.:allow,RELAYCLIENT=""' >;>;/etc/qmail/tcp.smtp
echo ':allow' >;>;/etc/qmail/tcp.pop3
qmailctl cdb

vpopmail
      groupadd -g 89 vchkpw
      useradd -g vchkpw -u 89 vpopmail

用/server/mysql/bin/mysql登录进mysql，建vpopmail数据库
CREATE DATABASE vpopmail;
GRANT select,insert,update,delete,create,drop ON vpopmail.*
TO vpopmailuser@localhost IDENTIFIED BY 'vpoppasswd';

./configure \
--prefix=/server/vpopmail \
--enable-qmaildir=/var/qmail \
--enable-vpopuser=vpopmail \
--enable-vpopgroup=vchkpw \
--enable-roaming-users \
--enable-tcprules-prog=/usr/local/bin/tcprules \
--enable-tcpserver-file=/etc/qmail/tcp.smtp \
--enable-relay-clear-minutes=20 \
--enable-auth-logging \
--enable-mysql-logging \
--enable-clear-passwd  \
--disable-sqwebmail-pass \
--enable-log-name=vpopmail \
--enable-incdir=/server/mysql/include/mysql \
--enable-libdir=/server/mysql/lib/mysql \
--enable-libs=mysqlclient \
--enable-auth-module=mysql \
--enable-ip-alias-domains \
--enable-mysql-limits \
--enable-many-domains \
--disable-passwd \
--enable-mysql-limits

make
make install-strip

echo "localhost|0|vpopmailuser|vpoppasswd|vpopmail" >; /server/vpopmail/etc/vpopmail.mysql
chown vpopmail.vchkpw /server/vpopmail/etc/vpopmail.mysql
chmod 640 ~vpopmail/etc/vpopmail.mysql

echo  'mydomain.com' >;/var/qmail/control/rcpthosts
/var/qmail/bin/vadddomain mydomain.com

qmailadmin
      ./configure --enable-cgibindir=/server/apache2/cgi-bin \
--enable-htmldir=/server/apache2/htdocs
make
make install

sqwebmail
./configure \
         --prefix=/server/sqwebmail \
         --with-cachedir=/server/sqwebmail/cachetmp \
         --enable-imagedir=/server/apache2/htdocs/webmail \
         --enable-cgibindir=/server/apache2/cgi-bin \
         --enable-softtimeout=1200 \
         --enable-hardtimeout=1800 \
         --with-fcgi
make
make install

ln -s /var/qmail/supervise/qmail-send /var/qmail/supervise/qmail-smtpd /var/qmail/supervise/qmail-pop3d /service

启动apache，就可以从qmailadmin用 postmaster@mydomain.com 来登录管理mydomain.com。增加一个email地址test@mydomain.com后，就可以用outlook和test@mydomain.com用户进行收发email了。

其他安装文章：《基于qmail的完整WEBMAIL解决方案安装详解》http://www.phpx.com/index.php?itemid=130

6、smtpd用户认证功能
http://www.garhee.com/bbs/下载qmail-smtpd.c,这个是从netqmail-1.05版本更改过来的，如果要改新版本，请对照更改
覆盖1.05的qmail-smtpd.c，重新编译qmail

/var/qmail/bin/qmailctl stop
更改/var/qmail/supervise/qmail-smtpd/run中的
exec /usr/local/bin/softlimit -m 5000000 \
/usr/local/bin/tcpserver -v -R -l "$LOCAL" -x /etc/qmail/tcp.smtp.cdb -c "$MAXSMTPD" \
            -u "$QMAILDUID" -g "$NOFILESGID" 0 smtp /var/qmail/bin/qmail-smtpd 2>;&1
为
exec /usr/local/bin/softlimit -m 5000000 \
      /usr/local/bin/tcpserver -v -H -R -l "$LOCAL" -x /etc/qmail/tcp.smtp.cdb -c "$MAXSMTPD" \
         -u "$QMAILDUID" -g "$NOFILESGID" 0 smtp /var/qmail/bin/qmail-smtpd \
               /server/vpopmail/bin/vchkpw /bin/true 2>;&1
/var/qmail/bin/qmailctl start

7、安装pureftpd
到http://mirrors.sunsite.dk/pure-ftpd/下载(pureftp.org给封掉了)
http://home.9812.net/linux/article/pureftpd/下载安装配置文件
./configure --prefix=/server/pureftp \
--with-boring \
--with-throttling \
--with-ratios \
--with-virtualhosts \
--with-virtualchroot \
--with-peruserlimits \
--with-mysql=/server/mysql \
--with-ftpwho \
--with-language=simplified-chinese \
--without-inetd \
--without-shadow \
--with-diraliases \
--with-sysquotas \
--with-altlog \
--with-quotas \
--with-privsep
make
make install

cp pureftpd-mysql.conf /server/pureftp/etc/
cp configuration-file/pure-ftpd.conf /server/pureftp/etc/
修改两个configure文件直到满意

cp configuration-file/pure-config.pl /server/pureftp/bin/
增加一行/server/pureftp/sbin/pure-ftpd到：
-x && ($PUREFTPD=$_, last) for qw(
         ${exec_prefix}/sbin/pure-ftpd
         /usr/local/pure-ftpd/sbin/pure-ftpd
         /usr/local/pureftpd/sbin/pure-ftpd
         /usr/local/sbin/pure-ftpd
         /usr/sbin/pure-ftpd
         /server/pureftp/sbin/pure-ftpd
);

useradd ftp -u 1111 -g proftpgroup -s /bin/false -d /bin/null -c "pureftpd user"

登录mysql执行sql语句：
create database pureftp;
GRANT ALL ON pureftp.* TO pureftp@localhost IDENTIFIED BY 'purepasswd';
CREATE TABLE `users` (
   `id` int(32) unsigned NOT NULL auto_increment,
   `User` varchar(16) NOT NULL default '',
   `Password` varchar(64) NOT NULL default '',
   `Uid` varchar(11) NOT NULL default '-1',
   `Gid` varchar(11) NOT NULL default '-1',
   `Dir` varchar(12

NOT NULL default '',
   `QuotaSize` smallint(5) NOT NULL default '0',
   `QuotaFiles` int(11) NOT NULL default '0',
   `ULBandwidth` smallint(5) NOT NULL default '0',
   `DLBandwidth` smallint(5) NOT NULL default '0',
   `ULRatio` smallint(6) NOT NULL default '0',
   `DLRatio` smallint(6) NOT NULL default '0',
   `comment` tinytext NOT NULL,
   `ipaccess` varchar(15) NOT NULL default '*',
   `status` enum('0','1') NOT NULL default '0',
   `create_date` datetime NOT NULL default '0000-00-00 00:00:00',
   `modify_date` datetime NOT NULL default '0000-00-00 00:00:00',
   PRIMARY KEY  (`id`,`User`),
   UNIQUE KEY `User` (`User`)
) TYPE=MyISAM AUTO_INCREMENT=5 ;
INSERT INTO users VALUES (5, 'test', MD5('test'), '505', '505', '/tmp', 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, '', '*', '1', '2003-06-26 18:04:33', '2003-06-26 18:04:33');

启动pureftpd
/server/pureftp/bin/pure-config.pl /server/pureftp/etc/pure-ftpd.conf
停止pureftpd
kill -INT `cat /var/run/pure-ftpd.pid | sed 1q`

参考文章：《Pure-FTPd + LDAP + MySQL + PGSQL + Virtual-Users + Quota How To》http://www.chinaunix.net/jh/15/102137.html

参考网站：
中国unix技术社区 http://www.chinaunix.net/
永远的unix    http://www.fanqiang.com/
中国PHP联盟 http://www.phpx.com/
张微波的linux学习笔记 http://www.5ilinux.com/

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