ORACLE常用表

oyhuan

select * from dba_objects where object_name = upper('mm_pub_menudefine');
select * from dba_synonyms where TABLE_NAME=UPPER('mm_pub_menudefine'); --查看同义词
select * from all_objects  where OBJECT_NAME=UPPER('ch_pw_way'); --查看表的具体信息
select TEXT from dba_views where VIEW_NAME='IBOSS_SPBIZINFO' and owner='FSYY'; ---查看视图定义
select * from dba_sequences where SEQUENCE_OWNER = 'FSYY' and SEQUENCE_NAME = upper('CM_SUBS_BILLMAIL_seq');  ---查看序列
----18位身份证号码截取生日：
decode(g.CERTTYPE,'IdCard',substr(g.CERTID,7,8),g.CERTID)||'|'|| --生日（身份证）

explain plan for select ....   -----解析语句
select * from table(dbms_xplan.display());---查看执行计划
select event,sid,program from v$session where sql_id='270tw4sgv309u';

---------归档模式
SELECT log_mode from v$database;  ---查看归档状态
v$archivelog;已归档的日志;
v$archive_dest 归档路径;
v$log_history历史记录;
v$archive_process进程;
v$bgprocess后台进程;
(dba)user_objects:显示当前用户包含的所有对象：过程，函数，包，表等
(dba)user_source:对象的源代码包含在里面

select * from v$logfile;   --log file

----
select * from v$sgastat
select * from v$pgastat    ---
select * from v$parameter  ---参数

表空间的文件置为脱机状态
对应语句：alter database datafile '路径\表空间名.ORA' offline drop;   对于非归档状态的
alter database datafile '路径\表空间名.ORA' offline;    归档状态的

select * from tablename partitions(p1) --按指定分区查询

SELECT * FROM dba_tablespaces; --表空间
SELECT * FROM v$datafile;  --数据文件
SELECT DISTINCT * FROM dba_segments; --segments
SELECT * FROM dba_rollback_segs;  --list the undo segments
select * from v$session; --查看所有session信息
select * from gv$lock ; --查锁
select * from v$sql;   --查看正在执行的SQL
select * from dba_data_files;  -----表空间和数据文件的对应关系

grant select on tp1122212_priv to hw_wyz_ros;
grant select on tp1122212_oce_fs to hw_wyz_ros;

1、查看表空间的名称及大小
　　select t.tablespace_name, round(sum(bytes/(1024*1024)),0) ts_size
　　from dba_tablespaces t, dba_data_files d
　　where t.tablespace_name = d.tablespace_name
　　group by t.tablespace_name;
2、查看表空间物理文件的名称及大小
　　select tablespace_name, file_id, file_name,
　　round(bytes/(1024*1024),0) total_space
　　from dba_data_files
　　order by tablespace_name;
3、查看回滚段名称及大小
　　select segment_name, tablespace_name, r.status,
　　(initial_extent/1024) InitialExtent,(next_extent/1024) NextExtent,
　　max_extents, v.curext CurExtent
　　From dba_rollback_segs r, v$rollstat v
　　Where r.segment_id = v.usn(+)
　　order by segment_name ;
4、查看控制文件
　　select name from v$controlfile;
5、查看日志文件
　　select member from v$logfile;
6、查看表空间的使用情况
　　select sum(bytes)/(1024*1024) as free_space,tablespace_name
　　from dba_free_space
　　group by tablespace_name;
　　SELECT A.TABLESPACE_NAME,A.BYTES TOTAL,B.BYTES USED, C.BYTES FREE,
　　(B.BYTES*100)/A.BYTES "% USED",(C.BYTES*100)/A.BYTES "% FREE"
　　FROM SYS.SM$TS_AVAIL A,SYS.SM$TS_USED B,SYS.SM$TS_FREE C
　　WHERE A.TABLESPACE_NAME=B.TABLESPACE_NAME AND A.TABLESPACE_NAME=C.TABLESPACE_NAME;
7、查看数据库库对象
　　select owner, object_type, status, count(*) count# from all_objects group by owner, object_type, status;
8、查看数据库的版本
　　Select version FROM Product_component_version
　　Where SUBSTR(PRODUCT,1,6)='Oracle';
9、查看数据库的创建日期和归档方式
　　Select Created, Log_Mode, Log_Mode From V$Database;
10、捕捉运行很久的SQL
　　column username format a12
　　column opname format a16
　　column progress format a8
　　select username,sid,opname,
　　round(sofar*100 / totalwork,0) || '%' as progress,
　　time_remaining,sql_text
　　from v$session_longops , v$sql
　　where time_remaining <> 0
　　and sql_address = address
　　and sql_hash_value = hash_value;
11、查看数据表的参数信息
　　SELECT partition_name, high_value, high_value_length, tablespace_name,
　　pct_free, pct_used, ini_trans, max_trans, initial_extent,
　　next_extent, min_extent, max_extent, pct_increase, FREELISTS,
　　freelist_groups, LOGGING, BUFFER_POOL, num_rows, blocks,
　　empty_blocks, avg_space, chain_cnt, avg_row_len, sample_size,
　　last_analyzed
　　FROM dba_tab_partitions
　　--WHERE table_name = :tname AND table_owner = :towner
　　ORDER BY partition_position
12、查看还没提交的事务
　　select * from v$locked_object;
　　select * from v$transaction;
13、查找object为哪些进程所用
　　select
　　p.spid,
　　s.sid,
　　s.serial# serial_num,
　　s.username user_name,
　　a.type object_type,
　　s.osuser os_user_name,
　　a.owner,
　　a.object object_name,
　　decode(sign(48 - command),
　　1,
　　to_char(command), 'Action Code #' || to_char(command) ) action,
　　p.program oracle_process,
　　s.terminal terminal,
　　s.program program,
　　s.status session_status
　　from v$session s, v$access a, v$process p
　　where s.paddr = p.addr and
　　s.type = 'USER' and
　　a.sid = s.sid and
　　a.object='SUBSCRIBER_ATTR'
　　order by s.username, s.osuser

14、回滚段查看
　　select rownum, sys.dba_rollback_segs.segment_name Name, v$rollstat.extents
　　Extents, v$rollstat.rssize Size_in_Bytes, v$rollstat.xacts XActs,
　　v$rollstat.gets Gets, v$rollstat.waits Waits, v$rollstat.writes Writes,
　　sys.dba_rollback_segs.status status from v$rollstat, sys.dba_rollback_segs,
　　v$rollname where v$rollname.name(+) = sys.dba_rollback_segs.segment_name and
　　v$rollstat.usn (+) = v$rollname.usn order by rownum
15、耗资源的进程(top session)
　　select s.schemaname schema_name, decode(sign(48 - command), 1,
　　to_char(command), 'Action Code #' || to_char(command) ) action, status
　　session_status, s.osuser os_user_name, s.sid, p.spid , s.serial# serial_num,
　　nvl(s.username, '[Oracle process]') user_name, s.terminal terminal,
　　s.program program, st.value criteria_value from v$sesstat st, v$session s , v$process p
　　where st.sid = s.sid and st.statistic# = to_number('38') and ('ALL' = 'ALL'
　　or s.status = 'ALL') and p.addr = s.paddr order by st.value desc, p.spid asc, s.username asc, s.osuser asc;
16、查看锁(lock)情况
　　select /*+ RULE */ ls.osuser os_user_name, ls.username user_name,
　　decode(ls.type, 'RW', 'Row wait enqueue lock', 'TM', 'DML enqueue lock', 'TX',
　　'Transaction enqueue lock', 'UL', 'User supplied lock') lock_type,
　　o.object_name object, decode(ls.lmode, 1, null, 2, 'Row Share', 3,
　　'Row Exclusive', 4, 'Share', 5, 'Share Row Exclusive', 6, 'Exclusive', null)
　　lock_mode, o.owner, ls.sid, ls.serial# serial_num, ls.id1, ls.id2
　　from sys.dba_objects o, ( select s.osuser, s.username, l.type,
　　l.lmode, s.sid, s.serial#, l.id1, l.id2 from v$session s,
　　v$lock l where s.sid = l.sid ) ls where o.object_id = ls.id1 and o.owner
　　<> 'SYS' order by o.owner, o.object_name
17、查看等待(wait)情况
　　SELECT v$waitstat.class, v$waitstat.count count, SUM(v$sysstat.value) sum_value
　　FROM v$waitstat, v$sysstat WHERE v$sysstat.name IN ('db block gets',
　　'consistent gets') group by v$waitstat.class, v$waitstat.count
18、查看sga情况
　　SELECT NAME, BYTES FROM SYS.V_$SGASTAT ORDER BY NAME ASC
19、查看catched object
　　SELECT owner, name, db_link, namespace,
　　type, sharable_mem, loads, executions,
　　locks, pins, kept FROM v$db_object_cache
20、查看V$SQLAREA
　　SELECT SQL_TEXT, SHARABLE_MEM, PERSISTENT_MEM, RUNTIME_MEM, SORTS,
　　VERSION_COUNT, LOADED_VERSIONS, OPEN_VERSIONS, USERS_OPENING, EXECUTIONS,
　　USERS_EXECUTING, LOADS, FIRST_LOAD_TIME, INVALIDATIONS, PARSE_CALLS, DISK_READS,
　　BUFFER_GETS, ROWS_PROCESSED FROM V$SQLAREA
21、查看object分类数量
　　select decode (o.type#,1,'INDEX' , 2,'TABLE' , 3 , 'CLUSTER' , 4, 'VIEW' , 5 ,
　　'SYNONYM' , 6 , 'SEQUENCE' , 'OTHER' ) object_type , count(*) quantity from
　　sys.obj$ o where o.type# > 1 group by decode (o.type#,1,'INDEX' , 2,'TABLE' , 3
　　, 'CLUSTER' , 4, 'VIEW' , 5 , 'SYNONYM' , 6 , 'SEQUENCE' , 'OTHER' ) union select
　　'COLUMN' , count(*) from sys.col$ union select 'DB LINK' , count(*) from
22、按用户查看object种类
　　select u.name schema, sum(decode(o.type#, 1, 1, NULL)) indexes,
　　sum(decode(o.type#, 2, 1, NULL)) tables, sum(decode(o.type#, 3, 1, NULL))
　　clusters, sum(decode(o.type#, 4, 1, NULL)) views, sum(decode(o.type#, 5, 1,
　　NULL)) synonyms, sum(decode(o.type#, 6, 1, NULL)) sequences,
　　sum(decode(o.type#, 1, NULL, 2, NULL, 3, NULL, 4, NULL, 5, NULL, 6, NULL, 1))
　　others from sys.obj$ o, sys.user$ u where o.type# >= 1 and u.user# =
　　o.owner# and u.name <> 'PUBLIC' group by u.name order by
　　sys.link$ union select 'CONSTRAINT' , count(*) from sys.con$

23、有关connection的相关信息
　　1)查看有哪些用户连接
　　select s.osuser os_user_name, decode(sign(48 - command), 1, to_char(command),
　　'Action Code #' || to_char(command) ) action, p.program oracle_process,
　　status session_status, s.terminal terminal, s.program program,
　　s.username user_name, s.fixed_table_sequence activity_meter, '' query,
　　0 memory, 0 max_memory, 0 cpu_usage, s.sid, s.serial# serial_num
　　from v$session s, v$process p where s.paddr=p.addr and s.type = 'USER'
　　order by s.username, s.osuser
　　2)根据v.sid查看对应连接的资源占用等情况
　　select n.name,
　　v.value,
　　n.class,
　　n.statistic#
　　from v$statname n,
　　v$sesstat v
　　where v.sid = 71 and
　　v.statistic# = n.statistic#
　　order by n.class, n.statistic#
　　3)根据sid查看对应连接正在运行的sql
　　select /*+ PUSH_SUBQ */
　　command_type,
　　sql_text,
　　sharable_mem,
　　persistent_mem,
　　runtime_mem,
　　sorts,
　　version_count,
　　loaded_versions,
　　open_versions,
　　users_opening,
　　executions,
　　users_executing,
　　loads,
　　first_load_time,
　　invalidations,
　　parse_calls,
　　disk_reads,
　　buffer_gets,
　　rows_processed,
　　sysdate start_time,
　　sysdate finish_time,
　　'>' || address sql_address,
　　'N' status
　　from v$sqlarea
　　where address = (select sql_address from v$session where sid = 71)
24、查询表空间使用情况
    select a.tablespace_name "表空间名称",
　　100-round((nvl(b.bytes_free,0)/a.bytes_alloc)*100,2) "占用率(%)",
　　round(a.bytes_alloc/1024/1024,2) "容量(M)",
　　round(nvl(b.bytes_free,0)/1024/1024,2) "空闲(M)",
　　round((a.bytes_alloc-nvl(b.bytes_free,0))/1024/1024,2) "使用(M)",
　　Largest "最大扩展段(M)",
　　to_char(sysdate,'yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss') "采样时间"
　　from (select f.tablespace_name,
　　sum(f.bytes) bytes_alloc,
　　sum(decode(f.autoextensible,'YES',f.maxbytes,'NO',f.bytes)) maxbytes
　　from dba_data_files f
　　group by tablespace_name) a,
　　(select f.tablespace_name,
　　sum(f.bytes) bytes_free
　　from dba_free_space f
　　group by tablespace_name) b,
　　(select round(max(ff.length)*16/1024,2) Largest,
　　ts.name tablespace_name
　　from sys.fet$ ff, sys.file$ tf,sys.ts$ ts
　　where ts.ts#=ff.ts# and ff.file#=tf.relfile# and ts.ts#=tf.ts#
　　group by ts.name, tf.blocks) c
　　where a.tablespace_name = b.tablespace_name and a.tablespace_name = c.tablespace_name;
25、 查询表空间的碎片程度
　　select tablespace_name,count(tablespace_name) from dba_free_space group by tablespace_name
　　having count(tablespace_name)>10;
　　alter tablespace name coalesce;
　　alter table name deallocate unused;
　　create or replace view ts_blocks_v as
　　select tablespace_name,block_id,bytes,blocks,'free space' segment_name from dba_free_space
　　union all
　　select tablespace_name,block_id,bytes,blocks,segment_name from dba_extents;
　　select * from ts_blocks_v;
　　select tablespace_name,sum(bytes),max(bytes),count(block_id) from dba_free_space
　　group by tablespace_name;
26
查看表空间使用率脚本:
select b.tablespace_name,sum(b.bytes)/1024/1024 sum_MB, sum(nvl(a.bytes,0))/1024/1024 free_MB,round((sum(b.bytes)-sum(nvl(a.bytes,0)))/sum(b.bytes),4)*100 use_precent
from (select tablespace_name,file_id,sum(bytes) bytes from dba_free_space group by tablespace_name,file_id ) a,
           dba_data_files b
where a.file_id(+)=b.file_id and a.tablespace_name(+)=b.tablespace_name
group by b.tablespace_name
order by USE_PRECENT desc;

查看某个表空间中的什么对象占用空间比较多：
select * from dba_segments where tablespace_name='MM_IM_IND' order by bytes desc;

查看表空间使用增长情况:
select to_char(to_date(a.rtime,'mm/dd/yyyy hh24:mi:ss'),'yyyy-mm-dd') rdate,
round(max(TABLESPACE_USEDSIZE)/avg(TABLESPACE_MAXSIZE),4)*100 used_precent
from DBA_HIST_TBSPC_SPACE_USAGE a,v$tablespace b
where a.TABLESPACE_ID=b.ts#
and b.name='JM_CH_IND'
group by to_char(to_date(a.rtime,'mm/dd/yyyy hh24:mi:ss'),'yyyy-mm-dd')
order by 1；

--跟踪进程执行的SQL：
select sid from v$session where process='29660';--所查询的接口对应的操作系统上的进程号

select sid,event,p1,p2 from v$session_wait where sid=2425;--查看回话当前的等待时间，如果gc buffer busy很频繁的话，那就是rac数据同步的问题，如果是db file sequential read（该等待意味这一次i/0操作的结束）的话就表示很正常

select sql_id,SQL_CHILD_NUMBER from v$session where sid=2425;--查找sql_id用来查找sql语句

select sql_text from v$sqltext where sql_id='81fsm4ws34t3u' order by piece;--查找对应的sql语句

select * from table(dbms_xplan.display_cursor('470d9f620g6as',null));--显示sql的执行计划信息的

－－查看sql信息确认是该接口后就查看事件等待情况：
select sid,event,p1,p2 from v$session_wait where sid=&sid;

--查看表的主键：
select column_name from all_cons_columns a,all_constraints b 
where a.constraint_name=b.constraint_name and b.constraint_type='P' 
and b.table_name='CM_SUBS_SUBSCRIBER';
 
---查看数据库对象 
select  *  from dba_objects
where OBJECT_NAME='TRGREP_SA_SMP_DICT';

--查看触发器
select  * from all_triggers
where OWNER='COMMON'
and  lower(TABLE_NAME)='sa_smp_dict';

select * FROM All_Triggers;

--查看对象代码
SELECT * FROM All_Source;

--修改用户密码
alter user hw_zxh_dba identified by 008 replace ****
alter user hw_ywq_dba identified by HPl1706 replace ***
alter user hw_ywq_ros identified by HPl1706 replace ****

---导表结构
select DBMS_METADATA.get_DDL('TABLE', 'PC_SERV_SPINFO', 'COMMON') from dual;
select dbms_metadata.get_DDL('INDEX', 'PK_PC_SERV_SPINFO', 'COMMON') from dual;

1、导出表
Expdp scott/tiger DIRECTORY=dump_dir DUMPFILE=tab.dmp TABLES=dept,emp
2、导出方案
Expdp scott/tiger DIRECTORY=dump_dir DUMPFILE=schema.dmp
SCHEMAS=system,scott
3、导出表空间
Expdp system/manager DIRECTORY=dump_dir DUMPFILE=tablespace.dmp
TABLESPACES=user01,user02
4、导出数据库
Expdp system/manager DIRECTORY=dump_dir DUMPFILE=full.dmp FULL=Y

 

-------查看表的分区信息
显示数据库所有分区表的信息：DBA_PART_TABLES

显示当前用户可访问的所有分区表信息：ALL_PART_TABLES

显示当前用户所有分区表的信息：USER_PART_TABLES

显示表分区信息 显示数据库所有分区表的详细分区信息：DBA_TAB_PARTITIONS

显示当前用户可访问的所有分区表的详细分区信息：ALL_TAB_PARTITIONS

显示当前用户所有分区表的详细分区信息：USER_TAB_PARTITIONS

显示子分区信息 显示数据库所有组合分区表的子分区信息：DBA_TAB_SUBPARTITIONS

显示当前用户可访问的所有组合分区表的子分区信息：ALL_TAB_SUBPARTITIONS

显示当前用户所有组合分区表的子分区信息：USER_TAB_SUBPARTITIONS

显示分区列 显示数据库所有分区表的分区列信息：DBA_PART_KEY_COLUMNS

显示当前用户可访问的所有分区表的分区列信息：ALL_PART_KEY_COLUMNS

显示当前用户所有分区表的分区列信息：USER_PART_KEY_COLUMNS

显示子分区列 显示数据库所有分区表的子分区列信息：DBA_SUBPART_KEY_COLUMNS

显示当前用户可访问的所有分区表的子分区列信息：ALL_SUBPART_KEY_COLUMNS

显示当前用户所有分区表的子分区列信息：USER_SUBPART_KEY_COLUMNS