刚开始学习字符设备驱动程序,先在物理内存上分出一块内存,当做一块虚拟字符设备,然后对该设备进行读,写操作。
举例分析:
/*memdev.c */
#include <linux/module.h> #include <linux/types.h> #include <linux/fs.h> #include <linux/errno.h> #include <linux/mm.h> #include <linux/sched.h> #include <linux/init.h> #include <linux/cdev.h> #include <asm/io.h> #include <asm/system.h> #include <asm/uaccess.h>
#include "memdev.h"
static mem_major = MEMDEV_MAJOR;
module_param(mem_major, int, S_IRUGO);
struct mem_dev *mem_devp; /*设备结构体指针*/
struct cdev cdev;
/*文件打开函数*/ int mem_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *filp) { struct mem_dev *dev; /*获取次设备号*/ int num = MINOR(inode->i_rdev);
if (num >= MEMDEV_NR_DEVS) return -ENODEV; dev = &mem_devp[num]; /*将设备描述结构指针赋值给文件私有数据指针*/ filp->private_data = dev; return 0; }
/*文件释放函数*/ int mem_release(struct inode *inode, struct file *filp) { return 0; }
/*读函数*/ static ssize_t mem_read(struct file *filp, char __user *buf, size_t size, loff_t *ppos) { unsigned long p = *ppos; unsigned int count = size; int ret = 0; struct mem_dev *dev = filp->private_data; /*获得设备结构体指针*/
/*判断读位置是否有效*/ if (p >= MEMDEV_SIZE) return 0; if (count > MEMDEV_SIZE - p) count = MEMDEV_SIZE - p;
/*读数据到用户空间*/ if (copy_to_user(buf, (void*)(dev->data + p), count)) { ret = - EFAULT; } else { *ppos += count; ret = count; printk(KERN_INFO "read %d bytes(s) from %d\n", count, p); }
return ret; }
/*写函数*/ static ssize_t mem_write(struct file *filp, const char __user *buf, size_t size, loff_t *ppos) { unsigned long p = *ppos; unsigned int count = size; int ret = 0; struct mem_dev *dev = filp->private_data; /*获得设备结构体指针*/ /*分析和获取有效的写长度*/ if (p >= MEMDEV_SIZE) return 0; if (count > MEMDEV_SIZE - p) count = MEMDEV_SIZE - p; /*从用户空间写入数据*/ if (copy_from_user(dev->data + p, buf, count)) ret = - EFAULT; else { *ppos += count; ret = count; printk(KERN_INFO "written %d bytes(s) from %d\n", count, p); }
return ret; }
/* seek文件定位函数 */ static loff_t mem_llseek(struct file *filp, loff_t offset, int whence) { loff_t newpos;
switch(whence) { case 0: /* SEEK_SET */ newpos = offset; break;
case 1: /* SEEK_CUR */ newpos = filp->f_pos + offset; break;
case 2: /* SEEK_END */ newpos = MEMDEV_SIZE -1 + offset; break;
default: /* can't happen */ return -EINVAL; } if ((newpos<0) || (newpos>MEMDEV_SIZE)) return -EINVAL; filp->f_pos = newpos; return newpos;
}
/*文件操作结构体*/ static const struct file_operations mem_fops = { .owner = THIS_MODULE, .llseek = mem_llseek, .read = mem_read, .write = mem_write, .open = mem_open, .release = mem_release, };
/*设备驱动模块加载函数*/ static int memdev_init(void) { int result; int i;
dev_t devno = MKDEV(mem_major, 0);
/* 静态申请设备号*/ if (mem_major) result = register_chrdev_region(devno, 2, "memdev"); else /* 动态分配设备号 */ { result = alloc_chrdev_region(&devno, 0, 2, "memdev"); mem_major = MAJOR(devno); } if (result < 0) return result;
/*初始化cdev结构*/ cdev_init(&cdev, &mem_fops); cdev.owner = THIS_MODULE; cdev.ops = &mem_fops; /* 注册字符设备 */ cdev_add(&cdev, MKDEV(mem_major, 0), MEMDEV_NR_DEVS); /* 为设备描述结构分配内存*/ mem_devp = kmalloc(MEMDEV_NR_DEVS * sizeof(struct mem_dev), GFP_KERNEL); if (!mem_devp) /*申请失败*/ { result = - ENOMEM; goto fail_malloc; } memset(mem_devp, 0, sizeof(struct mem_dev)); /*为设备分配内存*/ for (i=0; i < MEMDEV_NR_DEVS; i++) { mem_devp[i].size = MEMDEV_SIZE; mem_devp[i].data = kmalloc(MEMDEV_SIZE, GFP_KERNEL); memset(mem_devp[i].data, 0, MEMDEV_SIZE); } return 0;
fail_malloc: unregister_chrdev_region(devno, 1); return result; }
/*模块卸载函数*/ static void memdev_exit(void) { cdev_del(&cdev); /*注销设备*/ kfree(mem_devp); /*释放设备结构体内存*/ unregister_chrdev_region(MKDEV(mem_major, 0), 2); /*释放设备号*/ }
MODULE_AUTHOR("David Xie"); MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
module_init(memdev_init); module_exit(memdev_exit);
/*memdev.h*/
#ifndef _MEMDEV_H_ #define _MEMDEV_H_
#ifndef MEMDEV_MAJOR #define MEMDEV_MAJOR 254 /*预设的mem的主设备号*/ #endif
#ifndef MEMDEV_NR_DEVS #define MEMDEV_NR_DEVS 2 /*设备数*/ #endif
#ifndef MEMDEV_SIZE #define MEMDEV_SIZE 4096 #endif
/*mem设备描述结构体*/ struct mem_dev { char *data; unsigned long size; };
#endif /* _MEMDEV_H_ */
分析一个驱动程序或内核程序的方法是先找程序入口。
首先查找 module_init();因为module_init()这个宏所定义的函数是这个内核模块的入口,所以应从这里开始分析驱动程序。
分析驱动程序,应有层次:
1,分析初始化部分
2,分析设备操作,设备方法,设备函数
在分析设备操作的过程中,应按照文件打开,关闭,读,写,查找的顺序分析。
分析完成后,写一个测试程序,测试驱动是否成功。
/*app-mem.c*/
#include <stdio.h>
int main() { FILE *fp0 = NULL; char Buf[4096]; /*初始化Buf*/ strcpy(Buf,"Mem is char dev!"); printf("BUF: %s\n",Buf); /*打开设备文件*/ fp0 = fopen("/dev/memdev0","r+"); if (fp0 == NULL) { printf("Open Memdev0 Error!\n"); return -1; } /*写入设备*/ fwrite(Buf, sizeof(Buf), 1, fp0); /*重新定位文件位置(思考没有该指令,会有何后果)*/ fseek(fp0,0,SEEK_SET); /*清除Buf*/ strcpy(Buf,"Buf is NULL!"); printf("BUF: %s\n",Buf); /*读出设备*/ fread(Buf, sizeof(Buf), 1, fp0); /*检测结果*/ printf("BUF: %s\n",Buf); return 0;
}
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