MySQL认证

mugen

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B.10 MySQL 4 Core Certification
This certification is the first tier on your road to full MySQL certification. Whatever your future certification path, you must first pass the exam for the MySQL Core Certification before moving on.

With the Core Certification in hand, you have proof that you're capable of creating and using databases and tables, inserting, modifying, deleting, and retrieving data from a MySQL database, all based on a number of criteria like those that occur in real-world situations.

The job role of a person holding the MySQL Core Certification will typically be to maintain data in company databases, performing data analysis, importing and exporting data, and so forth.

For most candidates, the Core Certification is the first step toward obtaining the much desired title of Certified MySQL Professional. To move on to the Professional Certification, you must first pass the Core exam.

B.10.1 When Should I Certify?
The MySQL Core Certification is aimed at users:

Who have used the MySQL server for one man-month (150 hours) or more

Who often find themselves in situations where they need to pull data from a MySQL database, or perform operations such as importing large amounts of data into the database

Who have done some semi-advanced reporting using features such as LIMIT, WHERE, joins, aggregate functions, and the like

B.10.2 What Knowledge Is Tested?
The MySQL Core Certification is achieved by passing a single exam. The sections covered by the test are listed below, along with the relative weight of each section in the final scoring. The weight also indicates how many questions you should expect to be asked for each section.

The test consists of approximately 70 questions, and you have 1 1/2 hours in which to answer them.

B.10.3 Exam Contents—MySQL Core Certification
MySQL and MySQL AB (10%)

The difference between MySQL and MySQL AB

How MySQL AB operates

MySQL core values

MySQL dual licensing

Organization and structure of the MySQL Reference Manual

The MySQL mailing lists

MySQL Software (10%)

Major program components used in MySQL

Major operating system families supported by MySQL

Differences between major MySQL distributions

Available MySQL client interfaces

Using MySQL Client Programs (10%)

Invoking command-line client programs

Specifying command-line options

The mysql client

Using mysql interactively

Using script files with mysql

mysql client commands and SQL statements

Using the --safe-updates option

Using mysqlimport

Using mysqldump and reloading the dump

Checking tables with mysqlcheck and myisamchk

Using MySQLCC

Using MySQL Connector/ODBC and MySQL Connector/J

Data Definition Language (20%)

General database and table properties

Storage engines and table types

Limits on number and size of database components

Identifier syntax

CREATE DATABASE, DROP DATABASE

CREATE TABLE, ALTER TABLE, DROP TABLE

CREATE INDEX, DROP INDEX; specifying indexes at table-creation time

Creating and using primary keys

Column types

Using AUTO_INCREMENT

String and number formats

Using SHOW and DESCRIBE to review table structures

SELECT Statements (10%)

Selecting which columns to display

Restricting a selection using WHERE

Using ORDER BY to sort query results

Limiting a selection using LIMIT

Aggregate functions, GROUP BY, and HAVING

Using DISTINCT to eliminate duplicates

Concatentating SELECT results with UNION

Basic SQL (10%)

Using SQL expressions and functions

Using LIKE for pattern matching

Using IN() to test membership

Case sensitivity in string comparisons

Case sensitivity in database, table, column, and function names

Using reserved words as identifiers

NULL values in SELECT statements

Comments in SQL statements

Update Statements (10%)

INSERT and REPLACE

UPDATE

DELETE and TRUNCATE

Handling duplicate key values

Using ORDER BY and LIMIT with UPDATE and DELETE statements

Joins (15%)

Writing inner joins using INNER JOIN and the comma (',') operator

Writing outer joins using LEFT JOIN and RIGHT JOIN

Converting subqueries to inner and outer joins

Resolving name clashes using qualifiers and aliases

Multiple-table UPDATE and DELETE statements

Importing and Exporting Data (5%)

LOAD DATA INFILE

Using files on the server and the client host

Limiting the columns and rows being imported

SELECT INTO OUTFILE

Privileges needed for LOAD DATA INFILE and SELECT INTO OUTFILE

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mugen

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B.11 Certified MySQL 4 Professional
The MySQL Professional Certification is the second tier of the MySQL Certification program. When you've achieved the MySQL Core Certification and have gained enough experience, the time has come to prove your abilities in basic installation, setup, and management of a MySQL server.

With the title of Certified MySQL Professional (MySQL-Prof) on your resume, you have proof that you master more complex issues, such as installing a server from scratch, keeping the server running smoothly at all times, using the new table types, using more advanced SQL, and analyzing the trouble spots of other users' queries.

The typical job role of a MySQL-Prof is in setting up and managing one or more MySQL servers in an organization, often managing a team of one or more users and programmers of MySQL products.

B.11.1 When Should I Certify?
Professional Certification is for users who have passed the MySQL Core Certification exam and have managed to move beyond the skills required for that exam by doing the following:

Installing a MySQL server without assistance

Troubleshooting queries that take too long to run

Granting other users access to some of the databases on the server in a secure manner

Having gained knowledge of the internals of the MyISAM and InnoDB table types and advanced server features

B.11.2 What Knowledge Is Tested?
MySQL Professional Certification is achieved by passing a single exam. The sections covered by the exam are listed below, along with the relative weight of each section in the final scoring. The weight also indicates how many questions you should expect to be asked for each section.

The test consists of approximately 70 questions, and you have 1 1/2 hours in which to answer them.

B.11.3 Exam Contents—Certified MySQL Professional
MySQL Architecture (15%)

Client-server overview

Choosing the right client

Connecting the client to the server

Hard disk footprint

Memory footprint

Log and status files

Table types in MySQL

MySQL Installation and Configuration (20%)

Installing MySQL on Windows

Startup and shutdown on Windows

Installing MySQL on Unix

Startup and shutdown on Unix

Configuring MySQL

Compiling MySQL

Upgrading MySQL

Optimizing the operating system for MySQL use

Configuring disks for MySQL use

Choosing hardware for MySQL use

Security Issues (15%)

Securing MySQL

User account management

Client access control

Optimizing for Query Speed (15%)

Index optimization and index usage

Using EXPLAIN to analyze queries

General query enhancement

Optimizing the logical database structure

MyISAM Tables (10%)

MyISAM-specific optimizations

Locking strategies

Backup and recovery

Checking and repairing tables

Table maintenance

InnoDB Tables (10%)

Special InnoDB features (ACID compliance, transaction model, versioning, concurrency, and isolation levels)

InnoDB-specific optimizations

Locking strategies

Backup and recovery

Checking and repairing tables

Table maintenance

Advanced Server Features (15%)

Interpreting mysqld server information

Measuring server load

Tuning memory parameters

Using the query cache

Using multiple servers

Replication

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mugen

On February 1st, 2005, the MySQL Certification Exams will be updated to reflect the changes that have taken place with the release of MySQL Server version 4.1. The following presents a high-level overview of the changes that will occur on the exams as they are upgraded from MySQL 4.0 to MySQL 4.1.

Download Free Study Guide Addendum
Please read the MySQL Certification Study Guide Addendum (pdf format) for more information.

Changes to the Core Exam
Structural changes: The exam section MySQL and MySQL AB is reduced from taking up 10% of the exam questions to 5%. The section SELECT statements is increased from taking up 10% of the exam questions to 15%.
In the exam section Using MySQL Client Programs, questions on the MySQL Control Center (mysqlcc) are removed. This product is no longer under active development by MySQL AB, and has been replaced by the new GUI tools MySQL Administrator and MySQL Query Browser. Note that MySQL Administrator and MySQL Query Browser are not included in the MySQL Certification Program at this time.
The exam section Using Client Programs will contain questions on using server-side help, as well as questions on specifying connection protocols for client/server communication.
In the section Data Definition Language, questions on new TIMESTAMP behavior and storage requirements for character strings will appear.
Questions on subqueries, the GROUP_CONCAT() function, and GROUP BY ... WITH ROLLUP will appear in the section SELECT statements.
In the exam section Basic SQL, you should be prepared to answer questions on prepared statements.
The exam section Update Statements will contain questions on INSERT ... ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE.
Changes to the Professional Exam
There will be no structural changes to the Professional exam. However, questions will appear on the topics described in the Study Guide Addendum

Knowledge of the Cluster storage engine will be part of the exam section MySQL Architecture.
The exam section Optimizing for Query Speed will contain questions on using different index types for MEMORY tables.
SHOW WARNINGS will be part of the section Advanced Server Features.
New Features in MySQL 4.1 Not on the Exam
MySQL Server 4.1 introduces some completely new features that are important in their own right. But the area of application for these features is so new that they do not fit into the framework of general MySQL usage. We mention them here for the sake of completeness, and to clarify that they will not appear on the exam.

MySQL server now supports the spatial data types required for analyzing geographic features. The spatial data types allow you to store locations (such as lakes, cities, postcode areas, street intersections) in the database, and retrieve them using special functions. Most often, the spatial functions will, given a border, select those locations that are within the border, outside the border or which intersect the border.

Apart from briefly covering the need to be aware of potential new storage requirements, the exam does not touch upon newly introduced support for character sets and character collations.