Fvwm Manual（L1364-L1597）

cyvins

Fvwm Manual（L1364-L1597）

By
[email=Cyvins@HUST]Cyvins@HUST[/email]


关于翻译：
    因为要整天呆在实验室里做课题（哀，没有办法啊，我只要求顺利毕业就ok了），难免有郁闷的时候，加上本来就想仔细研究一下fvwm，于是休息的时候（毕竟不能一直工作啊，要适当的休息嘛）就拿来fvwm的手册看一下。本来没有想过要翻译的，只是想看看。可是，最近心浮气躁，看东西效果奇差，加上又没有实践的机会，所以就突发奇想，想翻译一下，没有别的意思，只是想自己看得仔细些，也算是对自己学习过程的一个记录好了。上午也曾雄心勃勃的想：fvwm的man虽然多，可是如果我每天都能坐下来一个小时，毕业之前应该还是可以搞定的。老实说，我自己都不知道自己能坚持多久，或许几天以后就把它扔到一边了。其实也不一定非要怎样怎样，只是算是打发时间好了，我想总比无聊的时候逛聊天室来得有意义些吧。
关于英语：
    我得英语实在不怎么滴，到现在连六级都没有能力过。而且也从来没有翻译过东西，所以自己都感觉错误百出，有很多东西自己都知道是什么意思，可是总找不到比较合适的词来翻译，而且fvwm我以前也没有接触过，所以很多相关的术语，还都不知道，所以如果不小心被游客看见了，不适当的地方，麻烦提醒一下如何修改。

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THE LIST OF FVWM COMMANDS
FVWM命令列表
The command descriptions below are grouped together in the following sections. The sections are hopefully sorted in order of usefulness to the newcomer.
下面描述的命令被分组到随后的小节里面。章节的顺序是针对初学者的便利安排的。
- Menu commands  菜单命令
- Miscellaneous commands
- Commands affecting window movement and placement 有关窗口移动＆放置的命令
- Commands for focus and mouse movement 有关窗口聚焦＆鼠标移动的命令
- Commands controlling window state 控制窗口状态的命令
- Commands for mouse, key and stroke bindings 有关鼠标，键盘＆stroke绑定的命令
- The Style command (controlling window styles) 有关Style的命令(控制窗口的style)
- Other commands controlling window styles 控制窗口的style的其他命令
- Commands controlling the virtual desktop 控制虚拟桌面的命令
- Commands for user functions and shell commands 有关使用用户函数＆shell命令的命令
- Conditional commands 条件命令
- Module commands 有关模块的命令
- Quit, restart and session management commands 有关退出，重启＆任务管理的命令
- Color gradients 颜色梯度？？？
MENUS 菜单
Before a menu can be opened, it has to be populated with menu items using the AddToMenu command and bound to a key or mouse button with the Key, PointerKey or Mouse command (there are many other ways to invoke a menu too). This is usually done in the configuration file.
在一个菜单被使用之前，必须先使用AddToMenu命令将菜单条目组合到一起，并且使用Key, PointerKey 或者Mouse命令将其绑定到键盘或者鼠标上(还有很多其他方法调出菜单)。这些通常在配置文件里完成。
Fvwm menus are extremely configurable in look and feel. Even the slightest nuances can be changed to the user's liking, including the menu item fonts, the background, delays before popping up sub menus, generating menus dynamically and many other features. Please refer to the MenuStyle command to learn more.
FVWM的菜单在视觉＆感觉上是具有极度的可配置性的。甚至一些很细微的地方也可以根据用户的喜好改变，比如菜单条目的字体，菜单的背景，弹出子菜单的延时，动态生成菜单以及其他的很多特性。需要了解更多时，可以参考MenuStyle命令。
Types of Menus 菜单的类型  
In fvwm there are four slightly different types of menus:
fvwm中有四种具有细微差别的菜单:
Popup menus can appear everywhere on the screen on their own or attached to a part of a window. The Popup command opens popup menus. If the popup menu was invoked with a mouse button held down, it is closed when the button is released. THe item under the pointer is then activated and the associated action is executed.
弹出菜单(Popup menus)可以独自的出现在屏幕的任何地方，或者附在窗口的上(attached to a part of a window)。  Popup命令开启弹出菜单(popup menus)。如果鼠标键按下时调出弹出菜单，当其释放的时候菜单就会被关闭。此时在鼠标箭头下面的条目就被激活，与之相应的命令被执行。
Menu is a very similar command, but the menus it opens are slightly less transient. When invoked by clicking a mouse button, it stays open and can be navigated with no button held. But if it is invoked by a button press followed by mouse motion, it behaves exactly like a popup menu.
Menu是一个(与Popup)及其相似的命令，但是它所调出的菜单slightly less transient。 如果菜单通过单击鼠标调出，即使鼠标被释放，它仍然被保留着，并且可以被操纵。 但是如果调出菜单以后，鼠标被移动，则菜单的行为就很像弹出菜单。
Tear off menus or Pin up menus are menus from either of the above two commands that have been "torn off" their original context and pinned on the desktop like a normal window. They are created from other menus by certain key presses or mouse sequences or with the TearMenuOff command from inside a menu.
Tear off menus or Pin up menus是上面两种命令产生的菜单被截取并且像一个普通的窗口一样被固定在桌面上。他们可以通过特定的键盘或者鼠标的按键序列或者菜单中的TearMenuOff命令从别的菜单中产生。
Sub menus are menus inside menus. When a menu item that has the Popup command as its action is selected, the named menu is opened as an inferior menu to the parent. Any type of menu can have sub menus.
子菜单(Sub menus)是菜单中的菜单。当一个以Popup命令作为其动作菜单条目被选中以后， 指定的菜单就会像这个父菜单的下一级菜单一样被调出。任何类型的菜单都可以有子菜单。  
Menu Anatomy 菜单剖析
Menus consist of any number of titles which are inactive menu items that usually appear at the top of the menu, normal items triggering various actions when selected, separator lines between the items, tear off bars (a horizontal broken line) that tear off the menu when selected, and sub menu items indicated with a triangle pointing left or right, depending on the direction in which the sub menu appears. All the above menu items are optional.
菜单可以有任意数目的标题(通常出现在菜单的顶部的无响应的菜单条目)，普通条目(被选择以后触发各种各样的动作)，条目间的分割符，tear off栏(水平间隔线，被选中以后截取菜单)，以及子菜单条目(根据子菜单出现的方向， 在左边或者右边会有一个三角形作为指示)组成。以上所有的菜单条目都是可选的。
Additionally, if the menu is too long to fit on the screen, the excess menu items are put in a continuation menu and a sub menu with the string "More..." is placed at the bottom of the menu. Finally, there may be a picture running up either side of the menu (a "side bar").
此外，如果菜单相对于屏幕太长的话，多余的菜单条目就会被放到菜单底部的一个带有"More..." 字样的子菜单中。最后，在菜单的一侧可能会有一个图(标)(a "side bar")。
Menu Navigation 菜单操作
Menus can be navigated either with the keyboard or with the mouse. Many people prefer to use the mouse, but it can be rather tedious. Once you get the hang of it, keyboard navigation can be much faster. While fvwm displays a menu, it can do nothing else. For example, new windows do not appear before the menu is closed. However, this is not exactly true for tear off menus. See the Tear Off Menus section for details.
菜单可以被键盘或者鼠标操作。很多人喜欢使用鼠标，但是那可能太繁琐。一旦你挂起菜单，使用键盘可能会更快。当fvwm显示一个菜单时，它就不能再做其他的事情了。比如，新窗口再菜单消失之前不会出现。但是，这对于tear off menus可能不完全正确。在Tear Off Menus一节中可以找到一些具体的描述。  
Mouse Navigation 鼠标操作
Moving the pointer over a menu selects the item below it. Normally this is indicated by a 3d border around the item, but not all parts of a menu can be selected. Pressing any mouse button while a menu is open activates the item below it. Items of a popup menu are also activated by releasing a held mouse button. In case of an item that hides a sub menu, the sub menu is displayed if the pointer hovers over the item long enough or moves close to the triangle indicating the sub menu. This behaviour can be tuned with menu styles.
在菜单上移动鼠标可以选择它下面的条目。通常，这些可以通过条目周围的3d边界表现出来，但是不是菜单的任何部分都可以被选择。当菜单被调出后，可以通过按鼠标的任何键来激起它下面的条目。弹出菜单的条目可以通过释放一个被按下的鼠标键来激起。对于子菜单中的条目，如果鼠标停留在子菜单上面的时间够长或者靠近指示子菜单的三角形，子菜单就会被显示出来。这些行为可以通过菜单样式调节。
Scrolling a mouse wheel over a menu either wraps the pointer along the menu (default), scrolls the menu under the pointer or act as if the menu was clicked depending on the MouseWheel menu style.
在菜单上滚动鼠标滑轮根据MouseWheel菜单样式或者限制鼠标箭头，滚动箭头下面的菜单(默认)或者表现的就像菜单被点击。（???不懂）
Clicking on a selected item activates it - what happens exactly depends on the type of the item.
点击一个条目就会激活条，此后的事情根据条目的类型而定。
Clicking on a title, a separator, the side bar, or outside the menu closes the menu (exception: tear off menus can not be closed this way). Pressing mouse button 2 over a menu title or activating a tear off bar creates a tear off menu from the current menu. Clicking on a normal menu item invokes the command that is bound to it, and clicking on a sub menu item either closes all open menus and replaces them with the sub menu or posts the menu (default).
点击标题，分割线，侧栏或者菜单以外的部分会关闭菜单(例外:tear off菜单在这种情况下不会关闭)。在菜单标题上按下鼠标中键(button 2)或者激活tear off bar可以在当前菜单下分割出一个菜单。点击一个普通的菜单条目，激活其所绑定的命令。点击一个子菜单条目或者关掉所有打开的的菜单然后使用子菜单代替他们，或者post这个菜单(默认)
Posting menus is meant to ease mouse navigation. Once a sub menu is posted, only items from that sub menu can be selected. This can be very useful to navigate the menu if the pointer tends to stray off the menu. To unpost the menu and revert back to normal operation, either click on the same sub menu item or press any key.
Posting menus意味着减少鼠标操作. 一旦一个子菜单被post，只有子菜单的条目可以被选中。如果鼠标要脱离菜单，这可能对于操作菜单非常有用。如果要unpost菜单，回到普通的操作，或者点击原来的子菜单条目，或者按下任何键即可。

Keyboard Navigation 键盘操作
Just like with mouse navigation, the item below the pointer is selected. This is achieved by warping the pointer to the menu items when necessary. While a menu is open, all key presses are intercepted by the menu. No other application can get keyboard input (although this is not the case for tear off menus).
就像鼠标操作一样，鼠标箭头下面的条目被选中。This is achieved by warping the pointer to the menu when necessary。当一个菜单被打开以后，所有的键盘动作都被菜单截获。没有其他的应用程序能够得到键盘输入(当然tear off菜单的情况是不同的)。               
Items can be selected directly by pressing a hotkey that can be configured individually for each menu item. The hotkey is indicated by underlining it in the menu item label. With the AutomaticHotkeys menu style fvwm automatically assigns hotkeys to all menu items.
条目可以通过为每个菜单条目配置的快捷键直接选择。快捷键在菜单条目中通过下划线标识的。使用菜单的AutomaticHotkeys风格，fvwm会自动的为所有的菜单条目分配快捷键。
The most basic keys to navigate through menus are the cursor keys (move up or down one item, enter or leave a sub menu), Space (activate item) and Escape (close menu). Numerous other keys can be used to navigate through menus:
菜单操作的最基本的键是方向键(向上或向下移动一个条目，进入或离开一个子菜单)，空格(激活条目)＆Esc(关闭菜单)。许多其他的键也可以用来操作菜单。
Enter, Return, Space activate the current item.
Enter, Return, Space激活菜单  
Escape, Delete, Ctrl-G exit the current sequence of menus or destroy a tear off menu.
Escape, Delete, Ctrl-G 退出当前菜单序列，或者关闭一个tear off 菜单。
J, N, Cursor-Down, Tab, Meta-Tab, Ctrl-F, move to the next item.
J, N, Cursor-Down, Tab, Meta-Tab, Ctrl-F 移动到下一个条目
K, P, Cursor-Up, Shift-Tab, Shift-Meta-Tab, Ctrl-B, move to the prior item.
K, P, Cursor-Up, Shift-Tab, Shift-Meta-Tab, Ctrl-B, 移动到前一个条目
L, Cursor-Right, F enter a sub menu.
L, Cursor-Right, F 进入子菜单
H, Cursor-Left, B return to the prior menu.
H, Cursor-Left, B 返回上一级菜单
Ctrl-Cursor-Up, Ctrl-K Ctrl-P, Shift-Ctrl-Meta-Tab, Page-Up move up five items.
Ctrl-Cursor-Up, Ctrl-K Ctrl-P, Shift-Ctrl-Meta-Tab, Page-Up 向上移动五个条目
Ctrl-Cursor-Down, Ctrl-J Ctrl-N, Ctrl-Meta-Tab,P, Page-Down move down five items.
Ctrl-Cursor-Down, Ctrl-J Ctrl-N, Ctrl-Meta-TabP, Page-Down向下移动五个条目
Home, Shift-Cursor-Up, Ctrl-A move to the first item.
Home, Shift-Cursor-Up, Ctrl-A  移动到第一个条目
End, Shift-Cursor-Down, Ctrl-E move to the last item.
End, Shift-Cursor-Down, Ctrl-E移动到最后一个条目
Meta-Cursor-Up, Ctrl-Cursor-Left, Shift-Ctrl-Tab move up just below the next separator.
Meta-Cursor-Up,  Ctrl-Cursor-Left,  Shift-Ctrl-Tab 向上移动到临近分隔符下面
Meta-Cursor-Down, Ctrl-Cursor-Right, Ctrl-Tab move down just below the next separator.
Meta-Cursor-Down, Ctrl-Cursor-Right,  Ctrl-Tab 向下移动到临近分隔符下面
Insert opens the "More..." sub menu if any.
Insert 进入标有“More...”的子菜单
Backspace tears off the menu.
Backspace 截取菜单
Tear Off Menus Tear Off 菜单
A tear off menu is any menu that has been "torn off" the window it was attached to and pinned to the root window. There are three ways to tear off a menu: click on the menu title with mouse button 2, press Backspace in the menu or activate its tear off bar (a horizontal bar with a broken line). Tear off bars must be added to the menu as any other item by assigning them the command TearMenuOff.
Tear Off 菜单就是被截取为窗口并且被挂在跟窗口的任何菜单。通常有三种截取菜单的方法：在菜单标题上点击鼠标中键，在菜单中按Backspace键或者激活菜单的tear off bar。 Tear off bars必须像其他菜单条目一样通过TearMenuOf命令被添加到菜单中。
The action taken with the backspace key cannot be overridden but the action of mouse button 2 on the title can. To remove the builtin mouse button 2 binding, use:
backspace键的动作不能被改变，但是在菜单标题点击鼠标中键的动作可以。如果要去除鼠标中键内嵌的绑定，可以使用：  
Mouse 2 M N -
("M" is for "Menu" context) (”M“是指“菜单”)
To assign some other button for tearoff, use:
如果要使用其他键截取，可以使用：
Mouse 1 M N TearOff
Note that the Modifier, must be "N" (none) and that the notation "Mouse 0" (for any mouse button cannot be used.)
#注意修饰键必须为“N”(无)，而且"Mouse 0"(指鼠标的任何键)不能被使用。
The window containing the menu is placed as any other window would be. If you find it confusing to have your tear off menus appear at random positions on the screen, put this line in your configuration file:
包含菜单的窗口就像其他窗口一下被放置。如果你发现让截取的菜单随机的放在屏幕上会很混乱，可以把下面这行放到你的配置文件中：
Style fvwm_menu UsePPosition
A tear off menu is a cross breeding between a window and a menu. The menu is swallowed by a window and its title is stripped off and displayed in the window title. The main advantage is that the menu becomes permanent - activating an item does not close the menu. Therefore, it can be used multiple times without reopening it. To destroy such a menu, close its window or press the Escape key.
截取菜单是窗口＆菜单的结合。菜单被窗口吸收，并且他的标题被去除，显示到窗口的标题上。最主要的优点是菜单变成永久的----激活一个条目不会关闭菜单。因此，它可以被多次使用，而不必重新打开。关闭这种菜单，只要关闭窗口或者按下Esc即可。
Tear off menus behave somewhat differently than normal menus and windows. They do not take the keyboard focus, but while the pointer is over one of them, all key presses are sent to the menu. Other fvwm key bindings are disabled as long as the pointer is inside the tear off menu or one of its sub menus. When the pointer leaves this area, all sub menus are closed immediately. Note that the window containing a tear off menu is never hilighted as if it had the focus.
Tear off 菜单的行为与不同的菜单和窗口有一些不同。它们不会通过简单聚焦，但是当鼠标在他们其中的一个上面时，所有的键盘动作都被送给该菜单。只要鼠标在这个截取菜单或者其子菜单中，fvwm其他的键绑定就会失效。当鼠标离开这个区域时，所有的子菜单会立即关闭。注意包含截取菜单的窗口永远不会高亮显示来表示它被聚焦。
A tear off menu is an independent copy of the menu it originated from. As such, it is not affected by adding items to that menu or changing its menu style.
tear off 菜单是对原始菜单的一个复制。因此，如果向原始菜单中添加条目，或者改变菜单的样式，它不会受影响。
To create a tear off menu without opening the normal menu first, the option TearOffImmediately can be added to the Menu or Popup command.
如果想不首先开启普通菜单，直接生成一个tear off菜单，可以把TearOffImmediately选项加到 Menu或者Popup命令中。  


本文来自ChinaUnix博客，如果查看原文请点：http://blog.chinaunix.net/u/14381/showart_83864.html