sk_buff 剖析
sk_buff 剖析
基于内核版本2.6.37
本文主要剖析:sk_buff结构体、sk_buff操作函数、各协议层对其处理
主要源文件:linux-2.6.37/ include/ linux/ skbuff.h
linux-2.6.37/ include/ linux/ skbuff.c
==================================================================================================
一些相关数据结构
view plaincopy to clipboard01.在include/linux/ktime.h中,
02.union ktime {
03. s64 tv64 ;
04.#if BITS_PER_LONG != 64 && !defined(CONFIG_KTIME_SCALAR)
05. struct {
06.# ifdef __BIG_ENDIAN
07. s32 sec , nsec ;
08.#else
09. s32 nsec , sec ;
10.#endif
11. } tv ;
12.#endif
13.} ;
14.
15.typedef union ktime ktime_t ;
16.
17. struct sk_buff_head {
18. /* These two members must be first. */
19. struct sk_buff *next;
20. struct sk_buff *prev;
21. __u32qlen;
22. spinlock_t lock;
23.};
24.
25./* 关于sk_buff_data_t */
26.# if BITS_PER_LONG > 32
27.# define NET_SKBUFF_DATA_USES_OFFSET 1
28.# endif
29.
30.# ifdef NET_SKBUFF_DATA_USES_OFFSET
31.typedef unsigned int sk_buff_data_t ;
32.# else
33.typedef unsigned char *sk_buff_data_t ;
34.#endif
==================================================================================================
sk_buff结构体
view plaincopy to clipboard01./* struct sk_buff - socket buffer */
02.struct sk_buff {
03. /* These two members must be first */
04. struct sk_buff *next ; /* Next buffer in list */
05. struct sk_buff *prev ; /* Previous buffer in list */
06.
07. ktime_t tstamp ; /* Time we arrived,记录接收或发送报文的时间戳*/
08.
09. struct sock *sk ; /* Socket we are owned by */
10.
11. /* Device we arrived on / are leaving by
12. * 通过该设备接收或发送,记录网络接口的信息和完成操作
13. */
14. struct net_device *dev ;
15.
16. /* This is the control buffer. It is free to use for every
17. * layer. Please put your private variables there.
18. */
19. char cb __aligned (8) ;
20. ...
21. /* data_len为分页数据所包含的全部报文长度
22. * len为某时刻的报文总长度
23. * 那么,线性数据的长度为:skb->len - skb->data_len
24. */
25. unsigned int len , data_len ;
26.
27. /* 保存了下一个协议层的信息,在处理报文时由当前协议层设置 */
28. __be16 protocol ;
29. ...
30. /* head指向线性数据区的开始
31. * data指向驻留线性数据区中数据的起始位置
32. */
33. unsigned char *head , *data ;
34. ...
35. /* 协议头表示 */
36. sk_buff_data_ttransport_header ; /* 传输层协议头 */
37. sk_buff_data_tnetwork_header ; /* 网络层协议头 */
38. sk_buff_data_tmac_header ; /* 链路层协议头 */
39.
40. sk_buff_data_t tail ; /* 指向驻留在线性数据区的最后一字节数据*/
41. sk_buff_data_end ; /* 指向线性数据区的结尾,确保不超出可用存储缓冲区 */
42. atomic_t users ; /* 引用该sk_buff的数量*/
43.
44. /* 该缓冲区所分配的总内存,包括sk_buff结构大小 + 数据块大小 (应该不包括分页大小?)*/
45. unsigned int truesize ;
46.}
47.
48./* This data is invariant across clones and lives at
49. * the end of the header data, ie. at skb->end.
50. */
51.struct skb_shared_info {
52. /* number of fragments belonged to this sk_buff
53. * 此sk_buff分页段的数目,它表示frags[]数组的元素数量,该数组包含sk_buff的分页数据
54. */
55. unsigned short nr_frags;
56.
57. ...
58.
59. /* 指向其分段列表,此sk_buff的总长度为frag_list链表中每个分段长度(skb->len)的和,
60. * 再加上原始的sk_buff的长度
61. * 通过此域可进行报文分段!!
62. */
63. struct sk_buff *frag_list ;
64.
65. /*
66. * Warning : all fields before dataref are cleared in __alloc_skb()
67. * 此sk_buff被引用的次数
68. */
69. atomic_t dataref ;
70.
71. /*
72. * must be last field
73. * 分段的数组,包含sk_buff的分页数据
74. */
75. skb_frag_t frags ;
76.}
77.
78./* To allow 64K frame to be packed as single skb without frag_list
79. * 允许小于64K的数据不用分段,即不适用frag_list
80. */
81.#define MAX_SKB_FRAGS (65536 / PAGE_SIZE + 2 )
82.
83.typedef struct skb_frag_struct skb_frag_t ;
84.struct skb_frag_struct {
85. struct page *page ; /* 该页的虚拟地可用page_address()得到*/
86.
87.#if (BITS_PER_LONG > 32) || (PAGE_SIZE >= 65536)
88. __u32 page_offset ;
89. __u32 size;
90.#else
91. __u16 page_offset ;
92. __u16 size ;
93.#endif
94.};
注意:分段和分页是两个不同的概念。
分页,即使用非线性数据区,非线性区的含义是包含在sk_buff中的数据长度超过了线性数据区
所能容纳的界限(一般为一页)。包含在非线性数据区中的数据是sk_buff结构中end域所指数据
的连续,全部数据的总长度包含在线性和非线性数据区中。
sk_buff数据的总长度存储在len域,非线性数据的长度存储在sk_buff的data_len域。
分页的实现:
在skb_shared_info中,skb_frag_t frags
通过分页,使得一个sk_buff最多能存:64K的数据(非线性区)+ 一页数据(线性区)。
当DMA支持物理分散页的分散-聚集操作时,才有可能存在分页数据区。如果支持,就为线性数据区
分配一页的数据,其他数据则保存在分页数据区中,随后数据的每个sk_buff分段都会分配一页的数据。
如果不支持,就尝试在线性数据区为整个sk_buff数据分配连续的物理内存。
分段,主要指IP分段的实现。当一个数据报过大时,需要分为多个。即一个sk_buff分为多个
sk_buff,这些sk_buff形成一个链表。
分段的实现:
在skb_shared_info中,struct sk_buff *frag_list
通过frag_list可以遍历分段列表。
======================================================================================================
sk_buff的操作
1. alloc_skb
view plaincopy to clipboard01.static inline struct sk_buff *alloc_skb( unsigned int size ,
02. gfp_t priority)
03.{
04. return __alloc_skb(size , priority , 0 , NUMA_NO_NONE) ;
05.}
size是数据包的大小。
The returned buffer has no headroom and a tail room of size bytes.
2. skb_reserve
用来为协议头预留空间。拓展head room。
view plaincopy to clipboard01./**
02. * skb_reserve - ajust headroom
03. * @skb : buffer to alter
04. * @len : bytes to move
05. *
06. * Increase the headroom of an empty &sk_buff by reducing the tail
07. * room. This is only allowed for an empty buffer.
08. */
09.
10.static inline void skb_reserve( struct sk_buff *skb , int len )
11.{
12. skb->data += len ;
13. skb->tail += len ;
14.}
此时,head room 大小为len,data room 大小0,tail room大小为原长 - len。
当构造一个报文时,要为协议头预留最大可能的空间。
如,MAX_TCP_HEADER = MAX_TCP_HEADER + MAX_IP_HEADER + LL_MAX_HEADER
3. skb_put
用来拓展data room。当要向data room增加数据时,先增加data room的可使用空间。
view plaincopy to clipboard01./**
02. * skb_put - add data to a buffer
03. * @skb : buffer to use
04. * @len : amount of data to add
05. *
06. * This function extends the used data area of the buffer. If this would
07. * exceed the total buffer size the kernel will panic. A pointer to the
08. * first byte of the extra data is returned.
09. */
10.
11.unsigned char *skb_put( struct sk_buff *skb , unsigned int len )
12.{
13. unsigned char *tmp = skb_tail_pointer(skb) ;
14. /* 如果存在非线性区,即data_len > 0 ,则报bug */
15. SKB_LINEAR_ASSERT(skb) ;
16. skb->tail += len ;
17. skb->len += len ;
18. if (unlikely(skb->tail > skb->end ))
19. skb_over_panic(skb , len , __builtin_return_address(0)) ;
20. return tmp ;
21.}
4. skb_push
用来拓展data room。和skb_put不同的是,它不是向tail room扩展,而是向head room扩展。
view plaincopy to clipboard01./**
02. * skb_push - add data to the start of a buffer
03. * @skb : buffer to use
04. * @len : amount of data to add
05. *
06. * This function extends the used data area of the buffer at the buffer
07. * start. If this would exceed the total buffer headroom the kernel will
08. * panic. A pointer to the first byte of the extra data is returned.
09. */
10.
11.unsigned char *skb_push( struct sk_buff *skb , unsigned int len )
12.{
13. skb->data -= len ;
14. skb->len += len ;
15. if ( unlikely(skb->data < skb->head ) )
16. skb_under_panic(skb , len , __builtin_return_address(0)) ;
17. return skb->data ;
18.}注意:
发送报文一般要调用alloc_skb、skb_reserve、skb_put、skb_push。
发送报文时,在不同协议层处理数据时,该数据要添加相应的协议头。
因此,最高层添加数据和自身的协议头。alloc_skb用来申请一个sk_buff。
skb_reserve用来创建头空间。skb_put用来创建用户数据空间,用户数据复制到sk->data
指向的数据区。接下来是在用户数据的前面加上协议头,使用skb_push。
5. skb_pull
在报文到达时访问协议头,接收报文时调用。使head room向data room扩展。
view plaincopy to clipboard01./**
02. * skb_pull - remove data from the start of a buffer
03. * @skb : buffer to use
04. * @len : amount of data to remove
05. *
06. * This function removes data from the start of a buffer, returning the memory to
07. * the headroom. A pointer to the next data in the buffer is returned. Once the
08. * data has been pulled future pushes will overwrite the old data.
09. */
10.
11.unsigned char *skb_pull( struct sk_buff *skb , unsigned int len )
12.{
13. return skb_pull_inline(skb , len ) ;
14.}
15.
16.static inline unsigned char *skb_pull_inline(struct sk_buff *skb , unsigned int len)
17.{
18. return unlikely(len > skb->len ) ? NULL : __skb_pull(skb , len) ;
19.}
20.
21.static inline unsigned char *__skb_pull(struct sk_buff *skb , unsigned int len)
22.{
23. skb->len -= len ;
24. BUG_ON(skb->len < skb->data_len ) ;
25. return skb->data += len ;
26.}====================================================================================================
view plaincopy to clipboard01.# ifdef NET_SKBUFF_DATA_USES_OFFSET
02.static inline unsigned char *skb_transport_header(const struct sk_buff skb)
03.{
04. return skb->head + skb->transport_header ;
05.}
06.
07.static inline void skb_reset_transport_header(struct sk_buff *skb)
08.{
09. skb->transport_header = skb->data - skb->head ;
10.}
11.# else
12.
13.static inline unsigned char *skb_transport_header(const struct sk_buff skb)
14.{
15. return skb->transport_header ;
16.}
17.
18.static inline void skb_reset_transport_header(struct sk_buff *skb)
19.{
20. skb->transport_header = skb->data ;
21.}
22.
23.static inline struct tcphdr *tcp_hdr(const struct sk_buff *skb)
24.{
25. return (struct tcphdr *) skb_transport_header(skb) ;
26.}
sk_buff中tcp协议头的表示:
sk_buff_data_t transport_header ;
用函数tcp_hdr(skb)来获取。
当tcp协议头地址有变化时,用skb_reset_transport_header(skb)来更新transport_header。
===============================================================================================
向下遍历协议层(即发送数据包)时,构建协议头
1. 添加TCP头
TCP调用tcp_transmit_skb()来为TCP数据段构建一个TCP头。
首先计算TCP头的长度,要考虑当前TCP连接所使用的选项。一旦完成该操作,就需要调用
skb_push()来为TCP头分配空间。
view plaincopy to clipboard01./* This routine actually transmit TCP packets queued in by tcp_do_sendmsg().
02. * This is used by both the initial transmission and possible later retransmissions.
03. * All SKB's seen here are completely headerless. It is our job to build the TCP
04. * header, and pass the packet down to IP so it can do the same plus pass the
05. * packet off to the device.
06. *
07. * We are working here with either a clone of the original SKB, or a fresh unique
08. * copy made by the retransmit engine.
09. */
10.
11.static int tcp_transmit_skb(struct sock *sk , struct sk_buff *skb , int clone_it ,
12. gfp_t gfp_mask)
13.{
14. ...
15. struct inet_sock *inet = inet_sk(sk) ;
16. unsigned tcp_option_size, tcp_header_size ;
17. struct tcphdr *th ;
18. ...
19. tcp_header_size = tcp_option_size + sizeof(struct tcphdr) ;
20. ...
21. skb_push(skb , tcp_header_size) ;
22. skb_reset_transport_header(skb) ;
23. ...
24. /* Build TCP header and checksum it. */
25. th = tcp_hdr(skb) ;
26. th->source = inet->inet_sport ;
27. th->dest = inet->inet_dport ;
28. ...
29.}
2. 添加IP头
ip_build_and_send_pkt()构造报文的IP头,并发送给链路层。
view plaincopy to clipboard01./*
02. * Add an ip header to a sk_buff and sent it out.
03. */
04.int ip_build_and_sent_pkt(struct sk_buff *skb , struct sock *sk ,
05. __be32 saddr , __be32 daddr , struct ip_options *opt)
06.{
07. struct inet_sock *inet = inet_sk(sk) ;
08. ...
09. struct iphdr *iph ;
10. /* Build the IP header. */
11. skb_push(skb , sizeof(struct iphdr) + (opt ? opt->optlen : 0) ) ;
12. skb_reset_network_header(skb) ;
13. iph = ip_hdr(skb) ;
14. iph->version = 4 ;
15. iph->ihl = 5 ;
16. iph->tos = inet->tos ;
17. ...
18.}3. 添加链路层头
eth_header构造以太网帧协议头。
view plaincopy to clipboard01.#define ETH_HLEN 14
02./**
03. * eth_header - create the Ethernet header
04. * @skb : buffer to alter
05. * @dev : source device
06. * @type : Ethernet type field
07. * @daddr : destination address
08. * @saddr : source address
09. * @len : packet length (<= skb->len)
10. *
11. * Set the protocal type. For a packet of type ETH_P_802_3/2 we put
12. * the length in here instead.
13. */
14.int eth_header(struct sk_buff *skb , struct net_device *dev ,
15. unsigned short type , const void *daddr , const void *saddr,
16. unsigned len)
17.{
18. struct ethhdr *eth = (struct ethhdr *) skb_push(skb , ETH_HLEN) ;
19. ...
20.}
=======================================================================================================
向上遍历协议层(接收数据包)时,解析协议头
1. 解析以太网头
当新报文到达时,要为新报文分配一个新的sk_buff,其大小等于报文的长度。sk_buff
的data域指向报文的起始位置(以太网头)。使用skb_pull来提取不同的协议层头。
该例程在sk_buff到IP backlog队列排队之前完成。
view plaincopy to clipboard01./**
02. * eth_type_trans - determine the packet's protocol ID.
03. * @skb : received socket data
04. * @dev : receiving network device
05. *
06. * The rule here is that we
07. * assume 802.3 if the type field is short enough to be a length.
08. * This is normal practice and works for any 'now in use' protocol.
09. */
10.__be16 eth_type_trans(struct sk_buff *skb , struct net_device *dev )
11.{
12. struct ethhdr *eth ;
13. skb->dev = dev ;
14. skb_reset_mac_header(skb) ; /* 更新mac_header */
15. skb_pull_inline(skb , ETH_HLEN) ; /* 此后data指向IP头 */
16. eth = eth_hdr(skb) ;
17. ...
18.}
2. 解析IP头
现在sk_buff处于IP backlog队列中,由netif_receive_skb()负责处理,该函数将sk_buff
从backlog队列中取出。
netif_receive_skb() 接收数据包得主要处理函数。
view plaincopy to clipboard01./**
02. * netif_receive_skb - process receive buffer from network
03. * @skb : buffer to process
04. * netif_receive_skb() is the main receive data processing function.
05. * It always succeeds. The buffer may be dropped during processing
06. * for congestion control or by the protocol layers.
07. *
08. * This function may only be called from softirq context and interrupts
09. * should be enabled.
10. *
11. * Return values (usually ignored) :
12. * NET_RX_SUCCESS : no congestion
13. * NET_RX_DROP : packet was dropped
14. */
15.
16.int netif_receive_skb(struct sk_buff *skb)3. 解析tcp头
网络层处理完报文,在将data指针指向传输层起始位置,并更新transport_header后,
将报文递给传输层,这些工作有ip_local_deliver_finish()来完成。
view plaincopy to clipboard01.static int ip_local_deliver_finish(struct sk_buff *skb)
02.{
03. ...
04. __skb_pull(skb , ip_hdrlen(skb)) ;
05. skb_reset_transport_header(skb) ;
06. ...
07.}
08.
09.static inline unsigned int ip_hdrlen(const struct sk_buff *skb)
10.{
11. return ip_hdr(skb)->ihl * 4 ;
12.}
传输层调用tcp_v4_do_rcv()处理传输层头报文。如果连接已建立,并且TCP报文中有数据,
就调用skb_copy_datagram_iovec()将从skb->data偏移tcp_header_len开始的数据复制给
用户应用程序。如果由于某些原因不能复制数据给用户应用程序,就将sk_buff的data指针
向前移动tcp_header_len,再将其发往套接字的接受队列排队。
谢谢分享
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