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本文参考了http://www.extmail.org/docs/extmail_solution_freebsd/
整个邮件解决方案由如下软件组成:
功能模块 内容 备注
操作系统(OS) FreeBSD FreeBSD是一个优秀的unix操作系统,基于宽松的BSD协议
邮件传输代理(MTA) Postfix 使用2.4.x,ports中的postfix已经是最新的2.4版
数据库/目录服务 mysql 5.0可选MySQL或其他mysql ,本文以mysql 5.0为蓝本
邮件投递代理(MDA) maildrop 2.0.x 支持过滤和强大功能
Web帐户管理后台 ExtMan-0.2.3 支持无限域名、无限用户
POP3 服务器 Courier-IMAP 支持pop3/pop3s/imap/imaps,功能强大,可根据需要选择
WebMail 系统 ExtMail-1.0.3 支持多语言、全部模板化,功能基本齐全
防病毒软件(Anti-Virus) ClamAV 0.92 最热门的开源杀毒软件
内容过滤器 Amavisd-new 2.5.x Content-Filter软件,支持与clamav/sa的挂接
内容级别的反垃圾邮件工具 SpamAssassin 著名的SA,可以支持大量规则,但速度较慢
SMTP认证库 Cyrus SASL 2.1x 标准的SASL实现库,可以支持Courier authlib
其他数据认证库 Courier Authlib 0.60 authlib是maildrop, courier-imap等服务的关键部件
日志分析及显示 mailgraph_ext 在ExtMan中已经包含了
Web 服务器 Apache 2.2.x 最新版的apache服务器,默认支持ssl模块
maillist软件 Mailman2.1.x 功能强大的邮件列表软件,支持基于web的管理
操作系统安装
操作系统的安装建议参考FreeBSD Handbook,在此仅给出链接,以避免不必要的重复劳动:
英文版
http://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US ... ndbook/install.html
中文版
http://cnsnap.cn.freebsd.org/doc ... ndbook/install.html
安装时的注意事项
1,磁盘分区
由于是邮件系统,相关的日志和queue都会保存在var分区内,因此var分区要有足够的空间。以一块硬盘73G/内存3G的服务器为例,可做如下分区:
/ 512m
swap 4096m
/var 5g
/tmp 512m
/usr 8g(尽量保证有10G左右)
/home 50g(剩下所有的空间)
2,软件包的选择
我们的邮件系统是要对外服务的,所以尽可能少的选择软件包,安装时建议选择Minimal,然后进入Custom选择doc,info,man,src即可。
配置
1,编辑/etc/rc.conf确保有如下内容:
sshd_enable="YES"
named_enable="YES"
sendmail_enable="NONE"
编辑/etc/resolv.conf确保第一条nameserver记录是127.0.0.1,这样本地DNS缓存才有效,类似如下:
domain xxxxx.cn
nameserver 127.0.0.1
nameserver 202.106.0.20
然后执行如下命令:
/etc/rc.d/named start
2,根据硬件的配置重新编译内核,编译内核的办法参考FreeBSD Handbook,这里只给出链接:
英文版
http://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US ... k/kernelconfig.html
中文版
http://cnsnap.cn.freebsd.org/doc ... k/kernelconfig.html
编译后系统的性能将得到较大的提升.
更新ports
根据你的情况执行
cvsup -gL2 /usr/share/examples/cvsup/ports-supfile -h cvsup.freebsdchina.org
或者
portsnap fetch && portsnap update
下载配置包
基本假定
整个系统的安装全过程都要求以root身份执行。并能够访问Internet。
安装前的准备
增加一个存储邮件的帐号和组(vmail)
执行如下命令
pw group add vmail -g 1000
pw user add vmail -u 1000 -g 1000 -s /sbin/nologin -d /dev/null
给test用户创建路径
需要一个测试帐号test@xxxxx.cn,需要准备该账号的路径。
mkdir -p /home/domains/xxxxx.cn/test/Maildir/new
mkdir -p /home/domains/xxxxx.cn/test/Maildir/cur
mkdir -p /home/domains/xxxxx.cn/test/Maildir/tmp
chown -R vmail:vmail /home/domains/
chmod -R 700 /home/domains/
ExtMan的安装
由于在安装过程中要使用ExtMan里面带的文件,因此在此先安装ExtMan。安装时根据个人需要选择MySQL或者mysql支持。
cd /usr/ports/mail/extman/ && make install clean
安装时选择mysql
安装mysql
cd /usr/ports/databases/mysql50-server/ && make WITH_CHARSET=gbk WITH_XCHARSET=all WITH_PROC_SCOPE_PTH=yes BUILD_OPTIMIZED=yes BUILD_STATIC=yes SKIP_DNS_CHECK=yes WITHOUT_INNODB=yes install clean
编辑/etc/rc.conf
ee /etc/rc.conf
mysql_enable="YES"
复制 MySQL 配置文件
cp /usr/local/share/mysql/my-small.cnf /usr/local/etc/my.cnf
ee /usr/local/etc/my.cnf
在[mysqld]组中加入下面的内容,部分内容看来如下
[mysqld]
bind_address=127.0.0.1
将mysql端口绑定到127.0.0.1主要因为该服务器只为本站提供服务,为了增加安全性,所以这样做。
启动 mysql-server
/usr/local/bin/mysql_install_db --user=mysql
cp /usr/local/etc/rc.d/mysql-server /usr/local/etc/rc.d/mysql.sh
/usr/local/etc/rc.d/mysql-server start
修改root用户的密码
/usr/local/bin/mysqladmin -u root -p password
Enter password:
安装 openssl
cd /usr/ports/security/openssl/ && make install clean
安装配置文件
cp /usr/local/openssl/openssl.cnf.sample /usr/local/openssl/openssl.cnf
安装配置courier-imap POP3/IMAP
Courier-IMAP是一个提供POP3、IMAP服务的程序,能够很方便的配置使其支持加密协议POP3s、IMAPs。并良好的支持Maildir。
Courier-imap的安装
安装时选择(如果你使用MySQL认证,则选择AUTH_MYSQL):
OPENSSL
TRASHQUOTA
AUTH_MYSQL
cd /usr/ports/mail/courier-imap/ && make install clean
安装时选择 TRASHQUOTA AUTH_MYSQL
Authlib的配置
mv /usr/local/etc/authlib/authdaemonrc /usr/local/etc/authlib/authdaemonrc.bak
编辑/usr/local/etc/authlib/authdaemonrc文件,内容类似如下:
authmodulelist="authmysql"
authmodulelistorig="authmysql"
version="authdaemond.mysql"
daemons=5
authdaemonvar=/var/run/authdaemond
subsystem=mail
DEBUG_LOGIN=0
DEFAULTOPTIONS="wbnodsn=1"
LOGGEROPTS=""
增加/var/run/authdaemond的执行权限,在FreeBSD系统下,其他用户默认没有执行权限
chmod +x /var/run/authdaemond
mv /usr/local/etc/authlib/authmysqlrc /usr/local/etc/authlib/authmysqlrc.bak
编辑/usr/local/etc/authlib/authmysqlrc文件,内容类似如下:
MYSQL_SERVER localhost
MYSQL_USERNAME extmail
MYSQL_PASSWORD extmail
MYSQL_PORT 0
MYSQL_OPT 0
MYSQL_DATABASE extmail
MYSQL_SELECT_CLAUSE SELECT username,password,"",uidnumber,gidnumber,\
CONCAT('/home/domains/',homedir), \
CONCAT('/home/domains/',maildir), \
quota, \
name \
FROM mailbox \
WHERE username = '$(local_part)@$(domain)'
配置支持POP3s
拷贝一份配置文件
cp /usr/local/etc/courier-imap/pop3d.cnf.dist /usr/local/etc/courier-imap/pop3d.cnf
编辑/usr/local/etc/courier-imap/pop3d.cnf文件,类似如下:
RANDFILE = /usr/local/share/courier-imap/pop3d.rand
[ req ]
default_bits = 1024
encrypt_key = yes
distinguished_name = req_dn
x509_extensions = cert_type
prompt = no
[ req_dn ]
C=CN
ST=BJ
L=Bei Jing
O=Extmail
OU=Extmail
CN=xxxxx.cn
emailAddress=ppabc@qq.com
[ cert_type ]
nsCertType = server
执行如下命令产生供POP3s使用的证书
/usr/local/sbin/mkpop3dcert
配置支持IMAPs
拷贝一份配置文件
cp /usr/local/etc/courier-imap/imapd.cnf.dist /usr/local/etc/courier-imap/imapd.cnf
编辑/usr/local/etc/courier-imap/imapd.cnf文件,类似如下:
RANDFILE = /usr/local/share/courier-imap/imapd.rand
[ req ]
default_bits = 1024
encrypt_key = yes
distinguished_name = req_dn
x509_extensions = cert_type
prompt = no
[ req_dn ]
C=CN
ST=BJ
L=Bei Jing
O=Extmail
OU=Extmail
CN=xxxxx.cn
emailAddress=ppabc@qq.com
[ cert_type ]
nsCertType = server
执行如下命令产生供IMAP使用的证书
/usr/local/sbin/mkimapdcert
配置自动启动
编辑/etc/rc.conf文件,添加如下行:
courier_authdaemond_enable="YES"
courier_imap_pop3d_enable="YES"
courier_imap_imapd_enable="YES"
courier_imap_pop3d_ssl_enable="YES"
courier_imap_imapd_ssl_enable="YES"
这5行的作用分别是在开机时:启动authdaemond,启动pop3d,启动imapd,启动pop3d-ssl,启动imapd-ssl。也可以使用命令行来控制这些进程的启动或者停止。
/usr/local/etc/rc.d/courier-authdaemond start/stop
/usr/local/etc/rc.d/courier-imap-pop3d start/stop
/usr/local/etc/rc.d/courier-imap-imapd start/stop
/usr/local/etc/rc.d/courier-imap-pop3d-ssl start/stop
/usr/local/etc/rc.d/courier-imap-imapd-ssl start/stop
Postfix的安装和配置-MTA
MTA在邮件系统中处于非常重要的位置,他负责接收其他人给你发的信,并且负责把你的信转发到目的地。选择一个靠谱的MTA对建立邮件来说意义重大,因此我们使用Postfix!! 。另外MTA部分在邮件系统中的开发难度是最高的,起到的作用也是最大的,因此我们也常拿MTA的名字来称呼自己的邮件系统,比如:我常说我的邮件系统是Postfix。
安装postfix
安装时选择(如果你使用MySQL验证,可以选择MYSQL):
PCRE
SASL2
TLS
MYSQL
VDA
TEST
cd /usr/ports/mail/postfix/ && make install clean
安装时选择PCRE SASL2 TLS MYSQL VDA TEST
配置postfix
编辑/etc/rc.conf,增加如下一行
postfix_enable="YES"
编辑/etc/aliases,确保有如下一行
postfix: root
替换掉系统带的sendmail程序
mv /usr/sbin/sendmail /usr/sbin/sendmail.bak
cp /usr/local/sbin/sendmail /usr/sbin/sendmail
编辑/etc/periodic.conf,加入如下内容,禁掉sendmail的自动维护。
daily_clean_hoststat_enable="NO"
daily_status_mail_rejects_enable="NO"
daily_status_include_submit_mailq="NO"
daily_submit_queuerun="NO"
执行如下命令
/usr/local/sbin/postalias /etc/aliases
chown postfix:postfix /etc/opiekeys
/usr/local/sbin/postconf -e 'mydomain = xxxxx.cn'
/usr/local/sbin/postconf -e 'myhostname = mail.xxxxx.cn'
/usr/local/sbin/postconf -e 'myorigin = $mydomain'
/usr/local/sbin/postconf -e 'virtual_mailbox_base = /home/domains'
/usr/local/sbin/postconf -e 'virtual_uid_maps=static:1000'
/usr/local/sbin/postconf -e 'virtual_gid_maps=static:1000'
执行如下命令对查询表进行配置
cp /usr/local/www/extman/docs/mysql_virtual_* /usr/local/etc/postfix/
/usr/local/sbin/postconf -e 'virtual_alias_maps = $alias_maps, mysql:/usr/local/etc/postfix/mysql_virtual_alias_maps.cf'
/usr/local/sbin/postconf -e 'virtual_mailbox_maps = mysql:/usr/local/etc/postfix/mysql_virtual_mailbox_maps.cf'
/usr/local/sbin/postconf -e 'virtual_mailbox_domains = mysql:/usr/local/etc/postfix/mysql_virtual_domains_maps.cf'
SMTP认证设置
编辑/usr/local/lib/sasl2/smtpd.conf
pwcheck_method:authdaemond
log_level:3
mech_listLAIN LOGIN
authdaemond_path:/var/run/authdaemond/socket
对postfix做如下配置使支持smtp认证
/usr/local/sbin/postconf -e 'smtpd_sasl_auth_enable=yes'
/usr/local/sbin/postconf -e 'broken_sasl_auth_clients = yes'
/usr/local/sbin/postconf -e 'smtpd_sasl_local_domain = $myhostname'
postfix反垃圾设置
此处的反垃圾邮件只是在MTA级的一些预防垃圾邮件的设置,可根据实际情况以及自己的需要进行调整。
/usr/local/sbin/postconf -e 'smtpd_helo_required=yes'
/usr/local/sbin/postconf -e 'smtpd_delay_reject=yes'
/usr/local/sbin/postconf -e 'disable_vrfy_command=yes'
/usr/local/sbin/postconf -e 'smtpd_client_restrictions = check_client_access hash:/usr/local/etc/postfix/client_access'
/usr/local/sbin/postconf -e 'smtpd_helo_restrictions=reject_invalid_hostname,check_helo_access hash:/usr/local/etc/postfix/helo_access'
/usr/local/sbin/postconf -e 'smtpd_sender_restrictions = reject_non_fqdn_sender, reject_unknown_sender_domain, check_sender_access hash:/usr/local/etc/postfix/sender_access'
/usr/local/sbin/postconf -e 'smtpd_recipient_restrictions=permit_mynetworks, permit_sasl_authenticated, reject_unauth_destination, reject_non_fqdn_recipient, reject_unknown_recipient_domain'
/usr/local/sbin/postconf -e 'smtpd_data_restrictions=reject_unauth_pipelining'
/usr/local/sbin/postconf -e 'header_checks = regexp:/usr/local/etc/postfix/head_checks'
/usr/local/sbin/postconf -e 'body_checks = regexp:/usr/local/etc/postfix/body_checks'
touch /usr/local/etc/postfix/head_checks
touch /usr/local/etc/postfix/body_checks
touch /usr/local/etc/postfix/client_access
touch /usr/local/etc/postfix/sender_access
touch /usr/local/etc/postfix/helo_access
/usr/local/sbin/postmap /usr/local/etc/postfix/head_checks
/usr/local/sbin/postmap /usr/local/etc/postfix/body_checks
/usr/local/sbin/postmap /usr/local/etc/postfix/client_access
/usr/local/sbin/postmap /usr/local/etc/postfix/sender_access
/usr/local/sbin/postmap /usr/local/etc/postfix/helo_access
TLS设置
生成证书,在这里默认私钥的访问密码为123qwe98,请根据自己的情况决定,以后可能会用得到。
mkdir -p /usr/local/etc/postfix/certs/CA
cd /usr/local/etc/postfix/certs/CA
mkdir certs crl newcerts private
echo "01" > serial
touch index.txt
cp /usr/local/openssl/openssl.cnf .
编辑openssl.cnf,确认dir参数的值是/usr/local/etc/postfix/certs/CA。然后继续执行如下命令,并根据情况输入信息。输入信息类似如下:
Country Name (2 letter code) [AU]:CN
State or Province Name (full name) [Some-State]:BJ
Locality Name (eg, city) []:Bei Jing
Organization Name (eg, company) [Internet Widgits Pty Ltd]:Extmail
Organizational Unit Name (eg, section) []:extmail
Common Name (eg, YOUR name) []xxxx.cn
Email Address []:ppabc@qq.com
命令如下:
openssl req -new -x509 -keyout private/cakey.pem -out cacert.pem -days 3650 -config openssl.cnf
openssl req -nodes -new -x509 -keyout mykey.pem -out myreq.pem -days 3650 -config openssl.cnf
openssl x509 -x509toreq -in myreq.pem -signkey mykey.pem -out tmp.pem
openssl ca -config openssl.cnf -policy policy_anything -out mycert.pem -infiles tmp.pem
rm tmp.pem
cp cacert.pem /usr/local/etc/postfix/certs/
cp mycert.pem /usr/local/etc/postfix/certs/
cp mykey.pem /usr/local/etc/postfix/certs/
cd /usr/local/etc/postfix/certs/
chown root:wheel cacert.pem mycert.pem
chown root:postfix mykey.pem
chmod 755 cacert.pem
chmod 644 mycert.pem
chmod 440 mykey.pem
ln -s cacert.pem `openssl x509 -noout -hash < cacert.pem `.0
配置postfix支持TLS
/usr/local/sbin/postconf -e 'smtpd_use_tls=yes'
/usr/local/sbin/postconf -e 'smtpd_tls_auth_only=no'
/usr/local/sbin/postconf -e 'smtp_tls_CAfile = /usr/local/etc/postfix/certs/cacert.pem'
/usr/local/sbin/postconf -e 'smtp_tls_cert_file = /usr/local/etc/postfix/certs/mycert.pem'
/usr/local/sbin/postconf -e 'smtp_tls_key_file = /usr/local/etc/postfix/certs/mykey.pem'
/usr/local/sbin/postconf -e 'smtpd_tls_CAfile=/usr/local/etc/postfix/certs/cacert.pem'
/usr/local/sbin/postconf -e 'smtpd_tls_cert_file=/usr/local/etc/postfix/certs/mycert.pem'
/usr/local/sbin/postconf -e 'smtpd_tls_key_file=/usr/local/etc/postfix/certs/mykey.pem'
/usr/local/sbin/postconf -e 'smtpd_tls_received_header=yes'
/usr/local/sbin/postconf -e 'smtpd_tls_loglevel=3'
/usr/local/sbin/postconf -e 'smtpd_starttls_timeout=60s'
/usr/local/etc/postfix/master.cf
配置master.cf,添加如下信息
smtps inet n - n - - smtpd
-o smtpd_tls_wrappermode=yes
-o smtpd_sasl_auth_enable=yes
-o smtpd_client_restrictions=permit_sasl_authenticated,reject
Maildrop的安装和配置-MDA
MDA-邮件分发代理。他从MTA那儿拿到信,然后存入您的邮箱里面。MDA在投递邮件到您的目录里面时,会先对邮件进行一些过滤,过滤规则会根据您的配置文件来进行。1,进行全局过滤设置,读取/etc/maildroprc(Linux)或者/usr/local/etc/maildroprc(BSD),根据配置该配置文件执行相应的操作,影响到所有用户;2,根据每个用户的配置进行过滤,读取$HOME/.mailfilter,根据每个用户的设置进行相应的操作,仅影响单个用户。基于这样的特点,WEBMAIL通过编辑$HOME/.mailfilter可以实现一些特色化的东西,比如:黑白名单、SPAM自动转入垃圾邮件夹、SMS提醒等等。
安装maildrop
cd /usr/ports/mail/maildrop/ && make WITH_AUTHLIB=yes install clean
安装时选择mysql
修改master.cf
修改master.cf的maildrop,类似修改为:
#maildrop unix - n n - - pipe
# flags=DRhu user=vmail argv=/usr/local/bin/maildrop -d ${recipient}
maildrop unix - n n - - pipe
flags=DRhu user=vmail:vmail argv=/usr/local/bin/maildrop -w 90 -d ${recipient}
/usr/local/etc/postfix/main.cf
修改main.cf
/usr/local/sbin/postconf -e 'virtual_transport=maildrop:'
/usr/local/sbin/postconf -e 'maildrop_destination_concurrency_limit=1'
/usr/local/sbin/postconf -e 'maildrop_destination_recipient_limit=1'
编辑文件/usr/local/etc/maildroprc
确保是如下内容:
logfile "/home/domains/maildrop.log"
#logfile "/var/log/maildrop.log"
TEST="/bin/test -f"
#
# Check for custom user .mailfilter file
#
CUSTOM_FILTER="$HOME/.mailfilter"
`$TEST $CUSTOM_FILTER && exit 1 || exit 0`
if ( $RETURNCODE == 0 )
{
to "$HOME/Maildir"
}
安装配置Apache
安装apache
添加了这两个参数的意思是,支持suexec模块,改变suexec_docroot的路径。但在本文中并没有在虚拟主机中使用suexec,在此编译进去是为了方便测试,以及方便以后可能会使用到的朋友。其他选项使用默认的即可。
cd /usr/ports/www/apache22/ && make WITH_SUEXEC=yes SUEXEC_DOCROOT=/usr/local/www WITH_MPM=worker WITHOUT_IPV6=yes WITH_THREADS=yes install clean
使用默认的即可
配置/etc/rc.conf
添加如下一行
apache22_enable="YES"
修改apache的配置文件/usr/local/etc/apache22/httpd.conf,使apache运行时的权限为vmail:vmail
User vmail
Group vmail
虚拟主机配置
编辑/usr/local/etc/apache22/Includes/extmail.conf
NameVirtualHost *:80
<VirtualHost *:80>
ServerName mail.xxxxx.cn
DocumentRoot /usr/local/www/extmail/html/
ScriptAlias /extmail/cgi /usr/local/www/extmail/cgi/
Alias /extmail /usr/local/www/extmail/html/
ScriptAlias /extman/cgi "/usr/local/www/extman/cgi/"
Alias /extman "/usr/local/www/extman/html/"
<Location "/extman/cgi">
SetHandler cgi-script
Options +ExecCGI
AllowOverride All
</Location>
<Directory "/usr/local/www">
AllowOverride None
Options None
Order allow,deny
Allow from all
</Directory>
# SuexecUserGroup vmail vmail
</VirtualHost>
配置支持https
复制一份证书到apache的目录
mkdir /usr/local/etc/apache22/certs/
cp /usr/local/etc/postfix/certs/*.pem /usr/local/etc/apache22/certs/
编辑文件/usr/local/etc/apache22/Includes/extmail-ssl.conf,内容如下
Listen 443
AddType application/x-x509-ca-cert .crt
AddType application/x-pkcs7-crl .crl
SSLPassPhraseDialog builtin
SSLSessionCache shmcb:/var/run/ssl_scache(512000)
SSLSessionCacheTimeout 300
SSLMutex file:/var/run/ssl_mutex
<VirtualHost _default_:443>
DocumentRoot "/usr/local/www/extmail/html"
ServerName mail.xxxxx.cn:443
ScriptAlias /extmail/cgi /usr/local/www/extmail/cgi/
Alias /extmail /usr/local/www/extmail/html/
ScriptAlias /extman/cgi "/usr/local/www/extman/cgi/"
Alias /extman "/usr/local/www/extman/html/"
ServerAdmin ppabc@qq.com
ErrorLog /var/log/httpd-error.log
TransferLog /var/log/httpd-access.log
SSLEngine on
SSLCipherSuite ALL:!ADH:!EXPORT56:RC4+RSA:+HIGH:+MEDIUM:+LOW:+SSLv2:+EXP:+eNULL
#SSLCertificateFile /usr/local/etc/apache22/server.crt
#SSLCertificateKeyFile /usr/local/etc/apache22/server.key
SSLCertificateFile /usr/local/etc/apache22/certs/mycert.pem
SSLCertificateKeyFile /usr/local/etc/apache22/certs/mykey.pem
<FilesMatch "\.(cgi|shtml|phtml|php)$">
SSLOptions +StdEnvVars
</FilesMatch>
<Directory "/usr/local/www/apache22/cgi-bin">
SSLOptions +StdEnvVars
</Directory>
BrowserMatch ".*MSIE.*" \
nokeepalive ssl-unclean-shutdown \
downgrade-1.0 force-response-1.0
CustomLog /var/log/httpd-ssl_request.log \
"%t %h %{SSL_PROTOCOL}x %{SSL_CIPHER}x \"%r\" %b"
#SuexecUserGroup vmail vmail
</VirtualHost>
重起一下apache
/usr/local/etc/rc.d/apache22.sh restart
安装配置Extmail
Extmail 是一个以perl语言编写,面向大容量/ISP级应用,免费的高性能Webmail软件。完整的支持Maildir++, 多字符、多语言支持,支持模版技术、方便的为自己定制界面等等。
[ 本帖最后由 ppabc 于 2008-5-31 10:18 编辑 ] |
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