u-boot-2014-04在TQ2440上的移植

摩斯电码

作者:  彭东林

邮箱：pengdonglin137@163.com

QQ： 405728433

到官网http://ftp.denx.de/pub/u-boot/下载u-boot-2014.04.tar.bz2

解压后在board/samsung/目录下仍然没有2440,虽然没有直接支持2440开发板,但其代码已经支持,只需添加相关配置即可。

一、 首先建立自己的开发板

拷贝board/samsung/smdk2410/目录到board/tq2440

pengdl@debian:~/work/tq2440/u-boot-2014.04$ cp -a board/samsung/smdk2410/ board/tq2440

进入board/tq2440目录修改

pengdl@debian:~/work/tq2440/u-boot-2014.04/board/tq2440$ mv smdk2410.c tq2440.c

修改该目录下的Makefile

obj-y    := tq2440.o

拷贝配置文件(使用相似的smdk2410开发板的配置文件)

pengdl@debian:~/work/tq2440/u-boot-2014.04$ cp include/configs/smdk2410.h include/configs/tq2440.h

增加开发板配置选项

在顶层目录下的Makefile中搜索不到smdk2410

在顶层目录执行如下命令

pengdl@debian:~/work/tq2440/u-boot-2014.04$ grep "smdk2410" * -nR

./boards.cfg:74:

smdk2410                     arm         arm920t     -                   samsung        s3c24x0

./MAINTAINERS:774:        smdk2410        ARM920T

./board/samsung/smdk2410/Makefile:28:COBJS        := smdk2410.o

./board/tq2440/Makefile:28:COBJS        := smdk2410.o

./arch/arm/include/asm/mach-types.h:1646:# define machine_is_smdk2410()        (machine_arch_type == MACH_TYPE_SMDK2410)

./arch/arm/include/asm/mach-types.h:1648:# define machine_is_smdk2410()        (0)

从这里知道在顶层目录下的boards.cfg文件中定义了smdk2410开发板的配置选项，仿照它定义TQ2440开发板的配置选项

# # Status, Arch, CPU:SPLCPU, SoC, Vendor, Board name, Target, Options, Maintainers                          

###########################################################################################################

Active  arm         arm920t        s3c24x0     -               tq2440                   tq2440                               -                                                                                                                                 -

由于我在board目录下创建开发板目录，所以Vendor指定为空

二、 配置时钟

先大致看一下配置文件include/configs/tq2440.h

/*

* High Level Configuration Options

* (easy to change)

*/

#define CONFIG_ARM920T                /* This is an ARM920T Core */

#define CONFIG_S3C24X0                /* in a SAMSUNG S3C24x0-type SoC */

#define CONFIG_S3C2410                /* specifically a SAMSUNG S3C2410 SoC */

#define CONFIG_SMDK2410                /* on a SAMSUNG SMDK2410 Board */

这里是高级别的一些配置，配置了S3C2410 SoC和SMDK2410 Board，跟我使用的开发板不一致

根据我自己的开发板tq2440进行如下配置

//#define CONFIG_S3C2410        /* specifically a SAMSUNG S3C2410 SoC */

#define CONFIG_S3C2440

//#define CONFIG_SMDK2410       /* on a SAMSUNG SMDK2410 Board */

#define CONFIG_AUTO_COMPLETE  //开启命令自动补全

#define CONFIG_SYS_PROMPT        "TQ2440 # "                // 命令提示符

屏蔽一些暂时不用的支持，用的时候再加上

#if 0

#define CONFIG_CS8900                /* we have a CS8900 on-board */

#define CONFIG_CS8900_BASE        0x19000300

#define CONFIG_CS8900_BUS16        /* the Linux driver does accesses as shorts */

#endif

#if 0

#define CONFIG_USB_OHCI

#define CONFIG_USB_KEYBOARD

#define CONFIG_USB_STORAGE

#define CONFIG_DOS_PARTITION

#endif

//#define CONFIG_CMD_DHCP

//#define CONFIG_CMD_NAND

//#define CONFIG_CMD_PING

//#define CONFIG_CMD_REGINFO

//#define CONFIG_CMD_USB

#if 0

#define CONFIG_CMD_FAT

#define CONFIG_CMD_EXT2

#define CONFIG_CMD_UBI

#define CONFIG_CMD_UBIFS

#define CONFIG_CMD_MTDPARTS

#define CONFIG_MTD_DEVICE

#define CONFIG_MTD_PARTITIONS

#define CONFIG_YAFFS2

#define CONFIG_RBTREE

#endif

看下链接脚本arch/arm/cpu/u-boot.lds

CPUDIR/start.o (.text*)

从这里可以知道u-boot执行的第一个文件是arch/arm/cpu/arm920t/start.S

        /* FCLK:HCLKCLK = 1:2:4 */

        /* default FCLK is 120 MHz ! */

        ldr        r0, =CLKDIVN

        mov        r1, #3

        str        r1, [r0]

上面几行代码是针对S3C2410的

添加时钟初始化代码如下

# if defined(CONFIG_S3C2410)

        ldr        r1, =0x3ff

        ldr        r0, =INTSUBMSK

        str        r1, [r0]

# endif

# if defined(CONFIG_S3C2440)

        ldr        r1, =0x7fff

        ldr        r0, =INTSUBMSK        // 屏蔽子中断

        str        r1, [r0]

# endif /* CONFIG_S3C2440 */

# if defined(CONFIG_S3C2440)

# define MPLLCON        0x4C000004        //系统主频配置寄存器

# define UPLLCON        0x4C000008  //USB频率配置寄存器

# define CAMDIVN        0x4C000018  //照相机时钟分频寄存器

        ldr r0, =CAMDIVN

        mov r1, #0

        str r1, [r0]

        ldr r0, =CLKDIVN

        mov r1, #0x05

        str r1, [r0]

        /*如果HDIVN不等于0，CPU必须设置为异步总线模式*/

        mrc p15,0,r0,c1,c0,0

        orr r0,r0,#0xc0000000

        mcr p15,0,r0,c1,c0,0

        ldr r0, =UPLLCON

        ldr r1, =0x38022  // USB时钟48MHZ

        str r1, [r0]

        /*

        **When you set MPLL&UPLL values, you have to set the UPLL

        **value first and then the MPLL value. (Needs intervals

        **approximately 7 NOP)

        */

        nop

        nop

        nop

        nop

        nop

        nop

        nop

        ldr r0, =MPLLCON

        ldr r1, =0x5c011 //CPU时钟400MHZ

        str r1, [r0]

# else

        /* FCLK:HCLKCLK = 1:2:4 */

        /* default FCLK is 120 MHz ! */

        ldr        r0, =CLKDIVN

        mov        r1, #3

        str        r1, [r0]

#endif /* CONFIG_S3C2440 */

#endif        /* CONFIG_S3C24X0 */

board/tq2440/tq2440.c中board_early_init_f()函数也初始化了时钟，因为我在start.S中已初始化了时钟，所以屏蔽掉board_early_init_f()中对时钟的初始化代码

//        struct s3c24x0_clock_power * const clk_power =

//                                        s3c24x0_get_base_clock_power();

        struct s3c24x0_gpio * const gpio = s3c24x0_get_base_gpio();

#if 0

        /* to reduce PLL lock time, adjust the LOCKTIME register */

        writel(0xFFFFFF, &clk_power->locktime);

        /* configure MPLL */

        writel((M_MDIV << 12) + (M_PDIV << 4) + M_SDIV,

               &clk_power->mpllcon);

        /* some delay between MPLL and UPLL */

        pll_delay(4000);

        /* configure UPLL */

        writel((U_M_MDIV << 12) + (U_M_PDIV << 4) + U_M_SDIV,

               &clk_power->upllcon);

        /* some delay between MPLL and UPLL */

        pll_delay(8000);

#endif

可以先配置u-boot支持直接烧写进内存SDRAM运行

修改配置文件tq2440.h

#define CONFIG_SYS_TEXT_BASE         0x32000000

CONFIG_SYS_TEXT_BASE指定了代码的加载地址，待会编译好后生成可执行二进制文件u—boot.bin，就要把u-boot.bin下载到该地址

我们现在需要直接烧写进内存运行，而底层初始化代码还没移植，所以我们需要跳过底层初始化

查看arch/arm/cpu/arm920t/start.S

#ifndef CONFIG_SKIP_LOWLEVEL_INIT

        bl        cpu_init_crit

#endif

如果没有定义CONFIG_SKIP_LOWLEVEL_INIT就跳转 cpu_init_crit函数执行，该函数进行了一些底层的初始化，比如内存。因为下面我们直接将u-boot下载到内存中运行，如果在内存中运行的同时再初始化内存，那么内存中的数据代码会遭到**。

所以我们在配置文件tq2440.h中定义该宏

#define CONFIG_SKIP_LOWLEVEL_INIT

修改一下顶层Makefile：

202  CROSS_COMPILE ?= arm-linux-

ARCH就不用我们手动配置了，因为在执行make tq2440_config时，会解析boards.cfg文件，得到ARCH的值。

pengdl@debian:~/work/tq2440/u-boot-2014.04$ make tq2440_config

编译完成生成可执行二进制文件u—boot.bin,开发板启动原有好的u-boot

将u-boot.bin下载到SDRAM的0x32000000地址，然后go 0x32000000运行

EmbedSky> tftp 0x32000000 u-boot.bin

(注意：在新版本的u-boot中，进行代码重定位relocate之前就已经在board_init_f中调用了全局性的代码，这些全局性的代码并不是位置无关的，所以这里需要将u-boot直接下载到它的链接地址处，防止程序跑飞)

dm9000 i/o: 0x20000300, id: 0x90000a46

MAC: 0a:1b:2c:3d:4e:5f

TFTP from server 192.168.1.8; our IP address is 192.168.1.6

Filename 'u-boot.bin'.

Load address: 0x32000000

Loading: checksum bad

checksum bad

checksum bad

checksum bad

checksum bad

checksum bad

T ###########

done

Bytes transferred = 153844 (258f4 hex)

EmbedSky> go 0x32000000

（注意：必须与刚才tftp下载到的地址相同）

## Starting application at 0x32000000 ...¡ø

U-Boot 2014.04 (Jun 28 2014 - 23:11:32)

CPUID: 32440001

FCLK:      400 MHz

HCLK:      100 MHz

PCLK:       50 MHz

DRAM:  64 MiB

WARNING: Caches not enabled

在tq2440.h中定义DEBUG宏

#define DEBUG

EmbedSky> tftp 0x32000000 u-boot.bin;go 0x32000000

dm9000 i/o: 0x20000300, id: 0x90000a46

MAC: 0a:1b:2c:3d:4e:5f

TFTP from server 192.168.1.8; our IP address is 192.168.1.6

Filename 'u-boot.bin'.

Load address: 0x32000000

Loading: checksum bad

checksum bad

checksum bad

checksum bad

checksum bad

checksum bad

T ############

done

Bytes transferred = 168860 (2939c hex)

## Starting application at 0x32000000 ...¡ø

U-Boot 2014.04 (Jun 29 2014 - 02:51:27)

U-Boot code: 32000000 -> 320246BC  BSS: -> 3202A0A4

CPUID: 32440001

FCLK:      400 MHz

HCLK:      100 MHz

PCLK:       50 MHz

monitor len: 0002A0A4

ramsize: 04000000

TLB table from 33ff0000 to 33ff4000

Top of RAM usable for U-Boot at: 33ff0000

Reserving 168k for U-Boot at: 33fc5000

Reserving 4160k for malloc() at: 33bb5000

Reserving 32 Bytes for Board Info at: 33bb4fe0

Reserving 160 Bytes for Global Data at: 33bb4f40

New Stack Pointer is: 33bb4f30

RAM Configuration:

Bank #0: 30000000 64 MiB

relocation Offset is: 01fc5000

WARNING: Caches not enabled

monitor flash len: 0002939C

Now running in RAM - U-Boot at: 33fc5000

经过加打印，问题定位在board.c中的board_init_r在调用mem_malloc_init函数时出了问题，他完成的操作是将malloc_start标识的malloc区域清零，这里malloc区域的大小是4MB+160KB，发现在清除到2MB多的时候程序就挂了。

这个问题的原因好没有找到，等待解决。目前临时的解决办法是将malloc区域的大小减小为2MB+160KB，做法是修改tq2440.h中，将

#define CONFIG_SYS_MALLOC_LEN        (4 * 1024 * 1024)

改为：

#define CONFIG_SYS_MALLOC_LEN        (2 * 1024 * 1024)

然后编译运行，打印信息如下：

U-Boot code: 32000000 -> 320246BC  BSS: -> 3202A0A4

CPUID: 32440001

FCLK:      400 MHz

HCLK:      100 MHz

PCLK:       50 MHz

monitor len: 0002A0A4

ramsize: 04000000

TLB table from 33ff0000 to 33ff4000

Top of RAM usable for U-Boot at: 33ff0000

Reserving 168k for U-Boot at: 33fc5000

Reserving 2112k for malloc() at: 33db5000

Reserving 32 Bytes for Board Info at: 33db4fe0

Reserving 160 Bytes for Global Data at: 33db4f40

New Stack Pointer is: 33db4f30

RAM Configuration:

Bank #0: 30000000 64 MiB

relocation Offset is: 01fc5000

WARNING: Caches not enabled

monitor flash len: 0002939C

Now running in RAM - U-Boot at: 33fc5000

Flash: fwc addr 00000000 cmd f0 00f0 16bit x 16 bit

fwc addr 0000aaaa cmd aa 00aa 16bit x 16 bit

fwc addr 00005554 cmd 55 0055 16bit x 16 bit

fwc addr 0000aaaa cmd 90 0090 16bit x 16 bit

fwc addr 00000000 cmd f0 00f0 16bit x 16 bit

JEDEC PROBE: ID 1c 2249 0

fwc addr 00000000 cmd ff 00ff 16bit x 16 bit

fwc addr 00000000 cmd 90 0090 16bit x 16 bit

fwc addr 00000000 cmd ff 00ff 16bit x 16 bit

JEDEC PROBE: ID 16 ea00 0

*** failed ***

### ERROR ### Please RESET the board ###

未完待续。。。。。。

摩斯电码

一、 移植NOR FLASH

第二步Flash: *** failed ***

### ERROR ### Please RESET the board ###

卡在这里不动了

搜索“Flash:”

pengdl@debian:~/work/tq2440/u-boot-2014.04$ grep "Flash:" * -nR

......

arch/arm/lib/board.c:557:       puts("Flash: ";

.....

进入查看

        puts("Flash: ";

        flash_size = flash_init();

        if (flash_size > 0) {

# ifdef CONFIG_SYS_FLASH_CHECKSUM

                print_size(flash_size, "";

                /*

                 * Compute and print flash CRC if flashchecksum is set to 'y'

                 *

                 * NOTE: Maybe we should add some WATCHDOG_RESET()? XXX

                 */

                if (getenv_yesno("flashchecksum" == 1) {

                        printf("  CRC: %08X", crc32(0,

                                (const unsigned char *) CONFIG_SYS_FLASH_BASE,

                                flash_size));

                }

                putc('\n');

# else        /* !CONFIG_SYS_FLASH_CHECKSUM */

                print_size(flash_size, "\n";

# endif /* CONFIG_SYS_FLASH_CHECKSUM */

        } else {

                puts(failed);

                hang();

        }

failed在该文件中的定义如下

static char *failed = "*** failed ***\n";

函数hang()在该文件中的定义如下

void hang(void)

{

        puts("### ERROR ### Please RESET the board ###\n";

        for (;;

}

说明是flash初始化失败

进入drivers/mtd/cfi_flash.c：flash_init函数

if (!flash_detect_legacy(cfi_flash_bank_addr(i), i))

flash_detect_legacy函数去探测flash

进入flash_detect_legacy函数

flash_read_jedec_ids(info);

debug("JEDEC PROBE: ID %x %x %x\n",

                                                info->manufacturer_id,

                                                info->device_id,

                                                info->device_id2);

if (jedec_flash_match(info, info->start[0]))

                break;

else

unmap_physmem((void *)info->start[0], MAP_NOCACHE);

jedec_flash_match函数将读取到的flash信息与jedec_table进行匹配，如果匹配成功则填充flash_info，否则返回1，看来这里没有匹配成功，在drivers/mtd/cfi_flash.c：flash_detect_legacy函数去探测开发板的flash，打开调试信息的宏，将探测到的flash信息打印出来

#define DEBUG  (也可以加载tq2440.h中)

重新编译，开发板从NOR FLASH启动，

EmbedSky> tftp 0x32000000 u-boot.bin;go 0x32000000

dm9000 i/o: 0x20000300, id: 0x90000a46

MAC: 0a:1b:2c:3d:4e:5f

TFTP from server 192.168.1.8; our IP address is 192.168.1.6

Filename 'u-boot.bin'.

Load address: 0x32000000

Loading: checksum bad

checksum bad

checksum bad

checksum bad

checksum bad

checksum bad

T ############

done

Bytes transferred = 168860 (2939c hex)

## Starting application at 0x32000000 ...

U-Boot 2014.04 (Jun 29 2014 - 02:57:57)

U-Boot code: 32000000 -> 320246BC  BSS: -> 3202A0A4

CPUID: 32440001

FCLK:      400 MHz

HCLK:      100 MHz

PCLK:       50 MHz

monitor len: 0002A0A4

ramsize: 04000000

TLB table from 33ff0000 to 33ff4000

Top of RAM usable for U-Boot at: 33ff0000

Reserving 168k for U-Boot at: 33fc5000

Reserving 2112k for malloc() at: 33db5000

Reserving 32 Bytes for Board Info at: 33db4fe0

Reserving 160 Bytes for Global Data at: 33db4f40

New Stack Pointer is: 33db4f30

RAM Configuration:

Bank #0: 30000000 64 MiB

relocation Offset is: 01fc5000

WARNING: Caches not enabled

monitor flash len: 0002939C

Now running in RAM - U-Boot at: 33fc5000

Flash: fwc addr 00000000 cmd f0 00f0 16bit x 16 bit

fwc addr 0000aaaa cmd aa 00aa 16bit x 16 bit

fwc addr 00005554 cmd 55 0055 16bit x 16 bit

fwc addr 0000aaaa cmd 90 0090 16bit x 16 bit

fwc addr 00000000 cmd f0 00f0 16bit x 16 bit

JEDEC PROBE: ID 1c 2249 0

fwc addr 00000000 cmd ff 00ff 16bit x 16 bit

fwc addr 00000000 cmd 90 0090 16bit x 16 bit

fwc addr 00000000 cmd ff 00ff 16bit x 16 bit

JEDEC PROBE: ID 16 ea00 0

*** failed ***

### ERROR ### Please RESET the board ###

根据debug("JEDEC PROBE: ID %x %x %x\n",

                                                info->manufacturer_id,

                                                info->device_id,

                                                info->device_id2);

可以知道已经探测到开发板的flash的厂家ID为0x1c，设备ID为0x2249

在jedec_table表中增加TQ2440开发板的NOR FLASH(EN29LV160AB)内容

#ifdef CONFIG_SYS_FLASH_LEGACY_1024Kx16

    {    /* TQ2440 EN29LV160AB */

            .mfr_id     = 0x1c,          /* manufacturer_id */

            .dev_id     = 0x2249,   /* device_id */

            .name       = "EON EN29LV160AB",

            .uaddr      = {/* 因为NOR FLASH的ADDR0接到了S3C2440的ADDR1 */

                [1] = MTD_UADDR_0x0555_0x02AA /* x16 */

            },  

            .DevSize    = SIZE_2MiB,

            .CmdSet     = P_ID_AMD_STD,

            .NumEraseRegions= 4,

            .regions    = {

                ERASEINFO(0x04000, 1),

                ERASEINFO(0x02000, 2),  

                ERASEINFO(0x08000, 1),  

                ERASEINFO(0x10000, 31),

            }   

        },  

#endif

注释掉刚才打开的宏

drivers/mtd/cfi_flash.c

//#define DEBUG

并在tq2440.h中定义CONFIG_SYS_FLASH_LEGACY_1024Kx16

//#define CONFIG_SYS_FLASH_LEGACY_512Kx16

#define CONFIG_SYS_FLASH_LEGACY_1024Kx16

重新编译u-boot，从NOR FLASH启动开发板

EmbedSky> tftp 0x32000000 u-boot.bin;go 0x32000000

dm9000 i/o: 0x20000300, id: 0x90000a46

MAC: 0a:1b:2c:3d:4e:5f

TFTP from server 192.168.1.8; our IP address is 192.168.1.6

Filename 'u-boot.bin'.

Load address: 0x32000000

Loading: checksum bad

checksum bad

checksum bad

checksum bad

checksum bad

checksum bad

T ###########

done

Bytes transferred = 153568 (257e0 hex)

## Starting application at 0x32000000 ...¡ø

U-Boot 2014.04 (Jun 29 2014 - 03:10:56)

CPUID: 32440001

FCLK:      400 MHz

HCLK:      100 MHz

PCLK:       50 MHz

DRAM:  64 MiB

WARNING: Caches not enabled

Flash: ERROR: too many flash sectors

2 MiB

*** Warning - bad CRC, using default environment

In:    serial

Out:   serial

Err:   serial

Net:   No ethernet found.

TQ2440 #

出现一个错误too many flash sectors

搜索too many flash sectors

pengdl@debian:~/work/tq2440/u-boot-2014.04$ grep "too many flash sectors" *  -nR

./drivers/mtd/jedec_flash.c:444:                                printf("ERROR: too many flash sectors\n";

查看代码

if (sect_cnt >= CONFIG_SYS_MAX_FLASH_SECT) {

                                printf("ERROR: too many flash sectors\n";

                                break;

                        }

                说明CONFIG_SYS_MAX_FLASH_SECT的值太小了，在配置文件tq2440.h修改该宏

                #define CONFIG_SYS_MAX_FLASH_SECT        (35)        //根据EN29LV160AB芯片手册

重新编译，从NOR FLASH启动开发板

EmbedSky> tftp 0x32000000 u-boot.bin;go 0x32000000

dm9000 i/o: 0x20000300, id: 0x90000a46

MAC: 0a:1b:2c:3d:4e:5f

TFTP from server 192.168.1.8; our IP address is 192.168.1.6

Filename 'u-boot.bin'.

Load address: 0x32000000

Loading: checksum bad

checksum bad

checksum bad

checksum bad

checksum bad

checksum bad

T ###########

done

Bytes transferred = 153568 (257e0 hex)

## Starting application at 0x32000000 ...¡ø

U-Boot 2014.04 (Jun 29 2014 - 03:12:36)

CPUID: 32440001

FCLK:      400 MHz

HCLK:      100 MHz

PCLK:       50 MHz

DRAM:  64 MiB

WARNING: Caches not enabled

Flash: 2 MiB

*** Warning - bad CRC, using default environment

In:    serial

Out:   serial

Err:   serial

Net:   No ethernet found.

TQ2440 #

TQ2440 # flinfo

Bank # 1: EON EN29LV160AB flash (16 x 16)  Size: 2 MB in 35 Sectors

  AMD Legacy command set, Manufacturer ID: 0x1C, Device ID: 0x2249

  Erase timeout: 30000 ms, write timeout: 100 ms

  Sector Start Addresses:

  00000000   RO   00004000   RO   00006000   RO   00008000   RO   00010000   RO

  00020000   RO   00030000        00040000        00050000        00060000      

  00070000   RO   00080000        00090000        000A0000        000B0000      

  000C0000        000D0000        000E0000        000F0000        00100000      

  00110000        00120000        00130000        00140000        00150000      

  00160000        00170000        00180000        00190000        001A0000      

  001B0000        001C0000        001D0000        001E0000        001F0000      

测试flash读写是否正常

读取0x32000000地址的0x10字节数据到0x0地址，然后比较两份数据是否相等

注意：从flinfo中可以看出0地址所在扇区是RO，要先解保护

TQ2440 # protect off all

Un-Protect Flash Bank # 1

TQ2440 # cp.b 32000000 0 10

Copy to Flash... done

TQ2440 # cmp.b 0 32000000 10

Total of 16 byte(s) were the same

再来读

TQ2440 # md.b 32000000 10

32000000: 13 00 00 ea 14 f0 9f e5 14 f0 9f e5 14 f0 9f e5    ................

TQ2440 # md.b 0 10

00000000: 13 00 00 ea 14 f0 9f e5 14 f0 9f e5 14 f0 9f e5    ................

读出的两份数据一样

至此NOR FLASH移植完毕

未完待续。。。。。。

摩斯电码

一、 移植网卡DM9000

网卡DM9000的驱动为drivers/net/dm9000x.c，我们需要将它编译进u-boot，查看drivers/net/Makefile

38 COBJS-$(CONFIG_DRIVER_DM9000) += dm9000x.o

如果定义了CONFIG_DRIVER_DM9000就将dm9000x.o编译进u-boot，在配置文件tq2440.h中定义该宏

#define CONFIG_DRIVER_DM9000

在第一步已经经网卡CS8900的相关配置注释掉了

重新编译出错

dm9000x.c: In function 'dm9000_outblk_8bit':

dm9000x.c:156: error: 'DM9000_DATA' undeclared (first use in this function)

DM9000_DATA没有定义，参考mini2440.h的配置如下

#define CONFIG_DRIVER_DM9000

#define CONFIG_DM9000_NO_SROM  

（如果不设置这个宏，uboot会打印类似：

Warning: dm9000 MAC addresses don't match:

Address in SROM is         ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff

Address in environment is  00:0c:29:2a:5c:a5

的信息）

#define CONFIG_DM9000_BASE        0x20000000        //tq2440开发板的网卡dm9000接在S3C2440的bank4 #define DM9000_IO                        CONFIG_DM9000_BASE

#define DM9000_DATA                        (CONFIG_DM9000_BASE+4)        // tq2440开发板的网卡dm9000的cmd引脚接在S3C2440的ADDR2

打开之前第一步暂时注释掉的宏

#define CONFIG_CMD_PING

重新编译，从NOR FLASH启动u-boot

EmbedSky> tftp 0x32000000 u-boot.bin;go 0x32000000

dm9000 i/o: 0x20000300, id: 0x90000a46

MAC: 0a:1b:2c:3d:4e:5f

TFTP from server 192.168.1.8; our IP address is 192.168.1.6

Filename 'u-boot.bin'.

Load address: 0x32000000

Loading: checksum bad

checksum bad

checksum bad

checksum bad

checksum bad

checksum bad

T ###########

done

Bytes transferred = 154592 (25be0 hex)

## Starting application at 0x32000000 ...¡ø

U-Boot 2014.04 (Jun 29 2014 - 03:16:30)

CPUID: 32440001

FCLK:      400 MHz

HCLK:      100 MHz

PCLK:       50 MHz

DRAM:  64 MiB

WARNING: Caches not enabled

Flash: 2 MiB

*** Warning - bad CRC, using default environment

In:    serial

Out:   serial

Err:   serial

Net:   No ethernet found.

TQ2440 #

没有找到网路

搜索Net：

pengdl@debian:~/work/tq2440/u-boot-2014.04$ grep "Net:" * -nR

......

arch/arm/lib/board.c:662:       puts("Net:   ");

......

查看单板文件board.c

puts("Net:   ");

        eth_initialize(gd->bd);

进入net/eth.c: eth_initialize函数

if (board_eth_init(bis) < 0)

进入board/tq2440/tq2440.c: board_eth_init函数

修改如下

int board_eth_init(bd_t *bis)

{

        int rc = 0;

#ifdef CONFIG_CS8900

        rc = cs8900_initialize(0, CONFIG_CS8900_BASE);

#endif

#ifdef CONFIG_DRIVER_DM9000

        rc = dm9000_initialize(bis);

#endif

        return rc;

}

重新编译，从NOR FLASH启动u-boot

EmbedSky> tftp 0x32000000 u-boot.bin;go 0x32000000

dm9000 i/o: 0x20000300, id: 0x90000a46

MAC: 0a:1b:2c:3d:4e:5f

TFTP from server 192.168.1.8; our IP address is 192.168.1.6

Filename 'u-boot.bin'.

Load address: 0x32000000

Loading: checksum bad

checksum bad

checksum bad

checksum bad

checksum bad

checksum bad

T ###########

done

Bytes transferred = 160268 (2720c hex)

## Starting application at 0x32000000 ...¡ø

U-Boot 2014.04 (Jun 29 2014 - 03:20:16)

CPUID: 32440001

FCLK:      400 MHz

HCLK:      100 MHz

PCLK:       50 MHz

DRAM:  64 MiB

WARNING: Caches not enabled

Flash: 2 MiB

*** Warning - bad CRC, using default environment

In:    serial

Out:   serial

Err:   serial

Net:   dm9000

TQ2440 # set ethaddr 00:12:34:56:ab:cd        设置mac地址

TQ2440 # set ipaddr 192.168.1.6                设置开发板IP地址

TQ2440 # set serverip 192.168.1.8                设置tftp服务器IP地址

TQ2440 # ping 192.168.1.8                                ping主机

dm9000 i/o: 0x20000000, id: 0x90000a46

DM9000: running in 16 bit mode

MAC: 00:12:34:56:ab:cd

could not establish link

Using dm9000 device

host 192.168.1.8 is alive

TQ2440 # tftpboot 31000000 u-boot.bin                下载文件

dm9000 i/o: 0x20000000, id: 0x90000a46

DM9000: running in 16 bit mode

MAC: 00:12:34:56:ab:cd

could not establish link

Using dm9000 device

TFTP from server 192.168.1.8; our IP address is 192.168.1.6

Filename 'u-boot.bin'.

Load address: 0x31000000

Loading: ##############

         1.8 MiB/s

done

Bytes transferred = 198364 (306dc hex)

注意到新版u-boot在用tftp下载时会打印出下载速度，另外上面出现了一个错误could not establish link

pengdl@debian:~/work/tq2440/u-boot-2014.04$ grep "could not establish link" * -nR

./drivers/net/dm9000x.c:376:                        printf("could not establish link\n");

查看代码并修改

#if 0

        i = 0;

        while (!(dm9000_phy_read(1) & 0x20)) {        /* autonegation complete bit */

                udelay(1000);

                i++;

                if (i == 10000) {

                        printf("could not establish link\n");

                        return 0;

                }

        }

#endif

重新编译，从NOR FLASH重启开发板

EmbedSky> tftp 0x32000000 u-boot.bin;go 0x32000000

dm9000 i/o: 0x20000300, id: 0x90000a46

MAC: 0a:1b:2c:3d:4e:5f

TFTP from server 192.168.1.8; our IP address is 192.168.1.6

Filename 'u-boot.bin'.

Load address: 0x32000000

Loading: checksum bad

checksum bad

checksum bad

checksum bad

checksum bad

checksum bad

T ###########

done

Bytes transferred = 160140 (2718c hex)

## Starting application at 0x32000000 ...¡ø

U-Boot 2014.04 (Jun 29 2014 - 03:25:30)

CPUID: 32440001

FCLK:      400 MHz

HCLK:      100 MHz

PCLK:       50 MHz

DRAM:  64 MiB

WARNING: Caches not enabled

Flash: 2 MiB

*** Warning - bad CRC, using default environment

In:    serial

Out:   serial

Err:   serial

Net:   dm9000

现在重新下载刚才的u-boot.bin

TQ2440 # tftp 0x30000000 u-boot.bin

dm9000 i/o: 0x20000000, id: 0x90000a46

DM9000: running in 16 bit mode

MAC: ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff

WARNING: Bad MAC address (uninitialized EEPROM?)

operating at 100M full duplex mode

Using dm9000 device

TFTP from server 192.168.1.8; our IP address is 192.168.1.6

Filename 'u-boot.bin'.

Load address: 0x30000000

Loading: T ###########

         30.3 KiB/s

done

Bytes transferred = 160140 (2718c hex)

刚才的错误解决了

至此网卡DM9000移植完毕

未完待续。。。。。。

摩斯电码

一、 支持NAND FLASH读写

修改配置文件include/configs/tq2440.h打开之前注释掉的NAND相关的宏

#define CONFIG_CMD_NAND

编译出错

s3c2410_nand.c: In function 's3c2410_hwcontrol':

s3c2410_nand.c:57: warning: implicit declaration of function 's3c2410_get_base_nand'

s3c2410_nand.c:57: warning: initialization makes pointer from integer without a cast

s3c2410_nand.c:72: error: dereferencing pointer to incomplete type

s3c2410_nand.c:72: error: dereferencing pointer to incomplete type

s3c2410_nand.c:75: error: dereferencing pointer to incomplete type

s3c2410_nand.c:75: error: dereferencing pointer to incomplete type

查看代码

struct s3c2410_nand *nand = s3c2410_get_base_nand();

struct s3c2410_nand的定义

#ifdef CONFIG_S3C2410

/* NAND FLASH (see S3C2410 manual chapter 6) */

struct s3c2410_nand {

        u32        nfconf;

        u32        nfcmd;

        u32        nfaddr;

        u32        nfdata;

        u32        nfstat;

        u32        nfecc;

};

#endif

s3c2410_get_base_nand()在s3c2410.h中声明

s3c2410_nand.c中包含了头文件s3c24x0_cpu.h，该文件内容如下

#ifdef CONFIG_S3C2400

        #include <asm/arch/s3c2400.h>

#elif defined CONFIG_S3C2410

        #include <asm/arch/s3c2410.h>

#elif defined CONFIG_S3C2440

        #include <asm/arch/s3c2440.h>

#else

        #error Please define the s3c24x0 cpu type

#endif

而我在配置文件tq2440中注释了宏CONFIG_S3C2410，添加了CONFIG_S3C2440

查看drivers/mtd/nand/Makefile

75 COBJS-$(CONFIG_NAND_S3C2410) += s3c2410_nand.o

CONFIG_NAND_S3C2410在tq2440.h中定义

将drivers/mtd/nand/s3c2410_nand.c拷贝为drivers/mtd/nand/s3c2440_nand.c

pengdl@debian:~/work/tq2440/u-boot-2014.04$ cp drivers/mtd/nand/s3c2410_nand.c drivers/mtd/nand/s3c2440_nand.c

在drivers/mtd/nand/Makefile文件中增加一行

56   obj-$(CONFIG_NAND_S3C2440) += s3c2440_nand.o

将s3c2440_nand.c中所有的2410替换为2440

修改配置文件include/configs/tq2440.h

187 /*

188  * NAND configuration

189  */

190 #ifdef CONFIG_CMD_NAND

191 #ifdef CONFIG_S3C2440

192 #define CONFIG_NAND_S3C2440

193 #define CONFIG_SYS_S3C2440_NAND_HWECC

194 #else

195 #define CONFIG_NAND_S3C2410

196 #define CONFIG_SYS_S3C2410_NAND_HWECC

197 #endif

198 #define CONFIG_SYS_MAX_NAND_DEVICE  1

199 #define CONFIG_SYS_NAND_BASE        0x4E000000

200 #endif

重新编译，从NOR FLASH启动开发板

EmbedSky> tftp 0x32000000 u-boot.bin;go 0x32000000

.......

U-Boot 2014.04 (Jun 29 2014 - 03:42:02)

CPUID: 32440001

FCLK:      400 MHz

HCLK:      100 MHz

PCLK:       50 MHz

DRAM:  64 MiB

WARNING: Caches not enabled

Flash: 2 MiB

NAND:  0 MiB

*** Warning - bad CRC, using default environment

In:    serial

Out:   serial

Err:   serial

Net:   dm9000

TQ2440 #

搜索NAND:

pengdl@debian:~/work/tq2440/u-boot-2014.04$ grep "NAND:" * -nR

......

arch/arm/lib/board.c:584:       puts("NAND:  ";

......

查看代码

#if defined(CONFIG_CMD_NAND)

        puts("NAND:  ";

        nand_init();                /* go init the NAND */

#endif

一路跟踪下去，列出函数调用顺序

nand_init-> nand_init_chip-> board_nand_init

                                                                -> nand_scan-> nand_scan_ident

其中board_nand_init是与板相关的初始化

nand_scan_ident函数中

        /* Read the flash type */

        type = nand_get_flash_type(mtd, chip, busw,

                                &nand_maf_id, &nand_dev_id, table);

        if (IS_ERR(type)) {

#ifndef CONFIG_SYS_NAND_QUIET_TEST

                printk(KERN_WARNING "No NAND device found!!!\n";

#endif

                chip->select_chip(mtd, -1);

                return PTR_ERR(type);

        }

说明上面的nand_get_flash_type获取失败

修改drivers/mtd/nand/s3c2440_nand.c中的board_nand_init()函数

#define S3C2440_NFCONF_TACLS(x)    ((x)<<12)

#define S3C2440_NFCONF_TWRPH0(x)   ((x)<<

#define S3C2440_NFCONF_TWRPH1(x)   ((x)<<4)

......

#if defined(CONFIG_S3C24XX_CUSTOM_NAND_TIMING)

        tacls  = CONFIG_S3C24XX_TACLS;

        twrph0 = CONFIG_S3C24XX_TWRPH0;

        twrph1 =  CONFIG_S3C24XX_TWRPH1;

#else

        tacls = 0;

        twrph0 = 1;

        twrph1 = 0;

#endif

        //cfg = S3C2440_NFCONF_EN;

        cfg |= S3C2440_NFCONF_TACLS(tacls);

        cfg |= S3C2440_NFCONF_TWRPH0(twrph0);

        cfg |= S3C2440_NFCONF_TWRPH1(twrph1);

        writel(cfg, &nand_reg->nfconf);

/*初始化ECC、禁止片选、使能NAND FLASH控制器*/

        writel((1 << 4)|(1 << 1)|(1 << 0), &nand_reg->nfcont);

修改默认的drivers/mtd/nand/nand_base.c: nand_select_chip函数

        case 0:        // 选中

                chip->cmd_ctrl(mtd, NAND_CMD_NONE, NAND_CTRL_CLE | NAND_CTRL_CHANGE);

                break;

修改s3c2440_hwcontrol()函数

        if (ctrl & NAND_CTRL_CHANGE) {

                ulong IO_ADDR_W = (ulong)nand;

                if (!(ctrl & NAND_CLE))

                        IO_ADDR_W |= S3C2440_ADDR_NCLE;

                if (!(ctrl & NAND_ALE))

                        IO_ADDR_W |= S3C2440_ADDR_NALE;

                if (cmd == NAND_CMD_NONE)

                        IO_ADDR_W = &nand->nfdata;

                       

                chip->IO_ADDR_W = (void *)IO_ADDR_W;

                if (ctrl & NAND_NCE)        // 使能选中

                        writel(readl(&nand->nfcont) & ~(1 << 1),

                               &nand->nfcont);

                else                // 取消选中

                        writel(readl(&nand->nfcont) | (1 << 1),

                               &nand->nfcont);

        }

修改

#define S3C2440_ADDR_NALE 8

#define S3C2440_ADDR_NCLE 0xc

#define S3C2440_NFCONF_nFCE        (1<<1)

重新编译烧到，从NOR FLASh启动开发板

TQ2440 # tftp 32000000 u-boot.bin;go 32000000

测试

将SDRAM的0x32000000地址的0xff字节数据写到NAND FLASH的0地址

TQ2440 # nand write 32000000 0 ff       

NAND write: device 0 offset 0x0, size 0xff

255 bytes written: OK

从NAND FLASH的0地址读0xff字节数据到SDRAM的0x31000000地址

TQ2440 # nand read 31000000 0 ff

NAND read: device 0 offset 0x0, size 0xff

255 bytes read: OK

比较

TQ2440 # cmp.b 31000000 32000000 ff

Total of 255 bytes were the same

未完待续。。。。。。

摩斯电码

一、 修改代码支持NOR FLASH启动

修改配置文件tq2440.h

#define CONFIG_SYS_TEXT_BASE           0x0

(这里必须设置为0，因为这个版本的uboot中尚未进行代码重定位之前，就调用了很多全局性的代码，所以需要设置为0，否则程序会跑飞)

//#define CONFIG_SKIP_LOWLEVEL_INIT

（如果不定义CONFIG_SKIP_LOWLEVEL_INIT，u-boot在从NorFlash启动时会执行内存初始化代码

190     /*

191      * we do sys-critical inits only at reboot,

192      * not when booting from ram!

193      */

194 #ifndef CONFIG_SKIP_LOWLEVEL_INIT

195     bl  cpu_init_crit

196 #endif

197

198     bl  _main

）

修改内存初始化代码board/tq2440/lowlevel_init.S

#define REFCNT                        0x4f4    #修改内存初始化参数

重新编译，从NOR FLASH启动，使用原先好的u-boot将新的u-boot.bin烧写到NOR FLASH

EmbedSky> tftp 0x32000000 u-boot.bin

dm9000 i/o: 0x20000300, id: 0x90000a46

MAC: 0a:1b:2c:3d:4e:5f

TFTP from server 192.168.1.8; our IP address is 192.168.1.6

Filename 'u-boot.bin'.

Load address: 0x32000000

Loading: checksum bad

checksum bad

checksum bad

checksum bad

checksum bad

checksum bad

T ###############

done

Bytes transferred = 215096 (34838 hex)

EmbedSky> protect off all

Un-Protect Flash Bank # 1

EmbedSky> erase 0 +40000

Erasing sector  0 ... ok.

Erasing sector  1 ... ok.

Erasing sector  2 ... ok.

Erasing sector  3 ... ok.

Erasing sector  4 ... ok.

Erasing sector  5 ... ok.

Erasing sector  6 ... ok.

Erased 7 sectors

EmbedSky> cp.b 0x32000000 0x0 0x40000

Copy to Flash... done

ÿmbedSky> reset

U-Boot 2014.04 (Jun 29 2014 - 04:07:20)

CPUID: 32440001

FCLK:      400 MHz

HCLK:      100 MHz

PCLK:       50 MHz

DRAM:  64 MiB

WARNING: Caches not enabled

Flash: 2 MiB

NAND:  256 MiB

*** Warning - bad CRC, using default environment

In:    serial

Out:   serial

Err:   serial

Net:   dm9000

TQ2440 #

二、 保存环境变量到NAND FLASH并添加分区

默认是把环境变量保存到NOR FLASH的，环境变量是通过执行saveenv命令保存的，查看一下该命令的实现代码。搜索“saveenv”

pengdl@debian:~/work/tq2440/u-boot-2014.04$ grep "saveenv" common/ -nR

common/env_flash.c:122:int saveenv(void)

common/env_flash.c:245:int saveenv(void)

common/env_nand.c:174:int saveenv(void)

common/env_nand.c:226:int saveenv(void)

搜索出了env_flash.c和env_fnand.c，分别用于将环境变量保存到NOR FLASH和NAND FLASH

查看common/Makefile

57 COBJS-$(CONFIG_ENV_IS_IN_FLASH) += env_flash.o

60 COBJS-$(CONFIG_ENV_IS_IN_NAND) += env_nand.o

我们需要在配置文件tq2440.h中去掉CONFIG_ENV_IS_IN_FLASH，增加CONFIG_ENV_IS_IN_NAND

修改配置文件tq2440.h

#if 0

#define CONFIG_ENV_ADDR                        (CONFIG_SYS_FLASH_BASE + 0x070000)

#define CONFIG_ENV_IS_IN_FLASH

#define CONFIG_ENV_SIZE                        0x10000

#endif

#define CONFIG_ENV_IS_IN_NAND

/* allow to overwrite serial and ethaddr */

#define CONFIG_ENV_OVERWRITE

重新编译，出错

/home/work/u-boot-2013.01/include/environment.h:88: error: #error "Need to define CONFIG_ENV_OFFSET when using CONFIG_ENV_IS_IN_NAND"

/home/work/u-boot-2013.01/include/environment.h:95: error: #error "Need to define CONFIG_ENV_SIZE when using CONFIG_ENV_IS_IN_NAND"

在配置文件tq2440.h中定义这两个宏

#define CONFIG_ENV_IS_IN_NAND

#define CONFIG_ENV_OFFSET        0x40000        // 256K for u-boot

#define CONFIG_ENV_SIZE         0x20000        // 128K for environment

重新编译，从NOR FLASH启动开发板

U-Boot 2014.04 (Jun 29 2014 - 04:31:22)

CPUID: 32440001

FCLK:      400 MHz

HCLK:      100 MHz

PCLK:       50 MHz

DRAM:  64 MiB

WARNING: Caches not enabled

Flash: 2 MiB

NAND:  256 MiB

*** Warning - bad CRC, using default environment

In:    serial

Out:   serial

Err:   serial

Net:   dm9000

TQ2440 # protect off all;erase 0 +40000;tftp 32000000 u-boot.bin;cp.b 32000000 0 40000

Un-Protect Flash Bank # 1

....... done

Erased 7 sectors

dm9000 i/o: 0x20000000, id: 0x90000a46

DM9000: running in 16 bit mode

MAC: ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff

WARNING: Bad MAC address (uninitialized EEPROM?)

operating at 100M full duplex mode

Using dm9000 device

TFTP from server 192.168.1.8; our IP address is 192.168.1.6

Filename 'u-boot.bin'.

Load address: 0x32000000

Loading: T ###############

         41 KiB/s

done

Bytes transferred = 215572 (34a14 hex)

Copy to Flash... 9....8....7....6....5....4....3....2....1....done

TQ2440 # reset

resetting ...

U-Boot 2014.04 (Jun 29 2014 - 04:31:22)

CPUID: 32440001

FCLK:      400 MHz

HCLK:      100 MHz

PCLK:       50 MHz

DRAM:  64 MiB

WARNING: Caches not enabled

Flash: 2 MiB

NAND:  256 MiB

*** Warning - bad CRC, using default environment

In:    serial

Out:   serial

Err:   serial

Net:   dm9000

出现*** Warning - bad CRC, using default environment，这是因为NAND FLASH中没有有效的环境变量，执行saveenv命令将环境变量保存到NAND FLASH，重启就不会有这样的提示了

TQ2440 # saveenv

Saving Environment to NAND...

Erasing NAND...

Erasing at 0x40000 -- 100% complete.

Writing to NAND... OK

TQ2440 # reset

resetting ...

U-Boot 2014.04 (Jun 29 2014 - 04:31:22)

CPUID: 32440001

FCLK:      400 MHz

HCLK:      100 MHz

PCLK:       50 MHz

DRAM:  64 MiB

WARNING: Caches not enabled

Flash: 2 MiB

NAND:  256 MiB

In:    serial

Out:   serial

Err:   serial

Net:   dm9000

TQ2440 # mtd

Unknown command 'mtd' - try 'help'

默认没有分区命令，查看一下common/Makefile

140 COBJS-$(CONFIG_CMD_MTDPARTS) += cmd_mtdparts.o

说明需要定义CONFIG_CMD_MTDPARTS才会编译mtd命令

在tq2440.h中其实已经定义了该宏，只是之前被我注释掉了，现在打开它

#if 0

#define CONFIG_CMD_FAT

#define CONFIG_CMD_EXT2

#define CONFIG_CMD_UBI

#define CONFIG_CMD_UBIFS

#endif

#define CONFIG_CMD_MTDPARTS

#if 0

#define CONFIG_MTD_DEVICE

#define CONFIG_MTD_PARTITIONS

#define CONFIG_YAFFS2

#define CONFIG_RBTREE

#endif

重新编译，出错

/home/work/u-boot-2013.01/common/cmd_mtdparts.c:306: undefined reference to `get_mtd_device_nm'

查看代码知道get_mtd_device_nm在drivers/mtd/mtdcore.c中定义，查看drivers/mtd/Makefile

28 COBJS-$(CONFIG_MTD_DEVICE) += mtdcore.o

需要定义CONFIG_MTD_DEVICE才会编译mtdcore.c

在tq2440.h中其实已经定义了该宏，只是之前被我注释掉了，现在打开它

#if 0

#define CONFIG_CMD_FAT

#define CONFIG_CMD_EXT2

#define CONFIG_CMD_UBI

#define CONFIG_CMD_UBIFS

#endif

#define CONFIG_CMD_MTDPARTS

#define CONFIG_MTD_DEVICE

#if 0

#define CONFIG_MTD_PARTITIONS

#define CONFIG_YAFFS2

#define CONFIG_RBTREE

#endif

重新编译，从NOR FLASH启动开发板

TQ2440 # protect off all;erase 0 +40000;tftp 32000000 u-boot.bin;cp.b 32000000 0 40000

……

TQ2440 # reset

……

TQ2440 # mtdparts

mtdids not defined, no default present

出错了，搜索mtdids not defined, no default present

pengdl@debian:~/work/tq2440/u-boot-2014.04$ grep "mtdids not defined, no default present" * -nR

common/cmd_mtdparts.c:1751:   printf("mtdids not defined, no default present\n";

查看代码

if (mtdids_default) {

                        debug("mtdids variable not defined, using default\n";

                        ids = mtdids_default;

                        setenv("mtdids", (char *)ids);

                } else {

                        printf("mtdids not defined, no default present\n";

                        return 1;

                }

说明mtdids_default为假，mtdids_default定义为

#if defined(MTDIDS_DEFAULT)

static const char *const mtdids_default = MTDIDS_DEFAULT;

#else

static const char *const mtdids_default = NULL;

#endif

#if defined(MTDPARTS_DEFAULT)

static const char *const mtdparts_default = MTDPARTS_DEFAULT;

#else

static const char *const mtdparts_default = NULL;

#endif

需要在配置文件tq2440.h定义MTDIDS_DEFAULT和MTDPARTS_DEFAULT，参考common/cmd_mtdparts.c

* Examples:

*

* 1 NOR Flash, with 1 single writable partition:

* mtdids=nor0=edb7312-nor

* mtdparts=mtdparts=edb7312-nor:-

*

* 1 NOR Flash with 2 partitions, 1 NAND with one

* mtdids=nor0=edb7312-nor,nand0=edb7312-nand

* mtdparts=mtdparts=edb7312-nor:256k(ARMboot)ro,-(root);edb7312-nandhome)

在tq2440.h中定义

#define MTDIDS_DEFAULT        "nand0=tq2440-0"

#define MTDPARTS_DEFAULT        "mtdparts=tq2440-0:1m(u-boot),"        \

                                                "1m(params),"                \

                                                "3m(kernel),"        \

                                                "-(rootfs)"

在tq2440.h中设置默认环境变量

#define CONFIG_NETMASK                255.255.255.0

#define CONFIG_IPADDR                192.168.1.6

#define CONFIG_SERVERIP                192.168.1.8

#define CONFIG_ETHADDR                00:11:22:33:44:aa

#define CONFIG_BOOTARGS        "root=/dev/mtdblock2 rootfstype=yaffs2 init=/linuxrc console=ttySAC0,115200"

#define CONFIG_BOOTCOMMAND        "nand read 32000000 kernel\;bootm 32000000"

重新编译，从NOR FLASH启动开发板

TQ2440 # protect off all;erase 0 +40000;tftp 32000000 u-boot.bin;cp.b 32000000 0 40000

……

TQ2440 # reset

……

TQ2440 # mtdparts

mtdparts variable not set, see 'help mtdparts'

no partitions defined

defaults:

mtdids  : nand0=tq2440-0

mtdparts: mtdparts=tq2440-0:1m(u-boot),1m(params),3m(kernel),-(rootfs)

TQ2440 # mtdparts default

TQ2440 # save                注意一定要保存，否则重启就没了

TQ2440 # mtdparts

device nand0 <tq2440-0>, # parts = 4

#: name                size            offset          mask_flags

0: u-boot              0x00100000      0x00000000      0

1: params              0x00100000      0x00100000      0

2: kernel              0x00300000      0x00200000      0

3: rootfs              0x0fb00000      0x00500000      0

active partition: nand0,0 - (u-boot) 0x00100000 @ 0x00000000

defaults:

mtdids  : nand0=tq2440-0

mtdparts: mtdparts=tq2440-0:1m(u-boot),1m(params),3m(kernel),-(rootfs)

TQ2440 #

未完待续。。。。。。

摩斯电码

一、 支持NAND FLASH启动

新版u-boot在链接时加了“-pie”选项

-pie

           Produce a position independent executable on targets which support it.  For predictable results, you must also specify the same set of options that were used to generate code (-fpie, -fPIE, or model suboptions) when you specify this option.

产生的代码中，没有绝对地址，全部使用相对地址，故而代码可以被加载器加载到内存的任意

位置，都可以正确的执行。

最终u-boot.bin中多了这些段

.rel.dyn : {

                __rel_dyn_start = .;

                *(.rel*)

                __rel_dyn_end = .;

        }

        .dynsym : {

                __dynsym_start = .;

                *(.dynsym)

        }

从NOR FLASH把代码复制到SDRAM，程序的链接地址是0，访问全局变量、静态变量、调用函数时是使用基于0地址编译得到的地址，现在把程序复制到了SDRAM(0x3000000),需要修改代码，把原来的地址改为新地址。这样太复杂了，还是使用老版本的方法。

去掉“-pie”选项，在u-boot源码搜索“-pie”

pengdl@debian:~/work/tq2440/u-boot-2014.04$ grep "\-pie" . -nR

......

./arch/arm/config.mk:83:LDFLAGS_u-boot += -pie

......

去除arch/arm/config.mk:83:LDFLAGS_u-boot += -pie中的“-pie”

82 # needed for relocation

83 #LDFLAGS_u-boot += -pie

修改配置文件include/configs/tq2440.h，给u-boot分配512KB

#define CONFIG_SYS_TEXT_BASE          0x33f80000

增加文件board/tq2440/nand_read_ll.c并修改相应的Makefile

obj-y        := tq2440.o

obj-y        += nand_read_ll.o

obj-y        += lowlevel_init.o

nand_read_ll.c文件内容如下：

/* NAND FLASH控制器 */

#define NFCONF (*((volatile unsigned long *)0x4E000000))

#define NFCONT (*((volatile unsigned long *)0x4E000004))

#define NFCMMD (*((volatile unsigned char *)0x4E00000)

#define NFADDR (*((volatile unsigned char *)0x4E00000C))

#define NFDATA (*((volatile unsigned char *)0x4E000010))

#define NFSTAT (*((volatile unsigned char *)0x4E000020))

static void nand_read_ll(unsigned int addr, unsigned char *buf, unsigned int len);

static int isBootFromNorFlash(void)

{

        volatile int *p = (volatile int *)0;

        int val;

        val = *p;

        *p = 0x12345678;

        if (*p == 0x1234567

        {

                /* 写成功, 是nand启动 */

                *p = val;

                return 0;

        }

        else

        {

                /* NOR不能像内存一样写 */

                return 1;

        }

}

void nand_init_ll(void)

{

#define TACLS   0

#define TWRPH0  1

#define TWRPH1  0

        /* 设置时序 */

        NFCONF = (TACLS<<12)|(TWRPH0<<|(TWRPH1<<4);

        /* 使能NAND Flash控制器, 初始化ECC, 禁止片选 */

        NFCONT = (1<<4)|(1<<1)|(1<<0);       

}

void copy_code_to_sdram(unsigned char *src, unsigned char *dest, unsigned int len)

{       

        int i = 0;

       

        /* 如果是NOR启动 */

        if (isBootFromNorFlash())

        {

                while (i < len)

                {

                        dest = src;

                        i++;

                }

        }

        else

        {

                nand_init_ll();

                nand_read_ll((unsigned int)src, dest, len);

        }

}

void clear_bss(void)

{

        extern int __bss_start, __bss_end;

        int *p = &__bss_start;

       

        for (; p < &__bss_end; p++)

                *p = 0;

}

static void nand_select(void)

{

        NFCONT &= ~(1<<1);       

}

static void nand_deselect(void)

{

        NFCONT |= (1<<1);       

}

static void nand_cmd(unsigned char cmd)

{

        volatile int i;

        NFCMMD = cmd;

        for (i = 0; i < 10; i++);

}

static void nand_addr(unsigned int addr)

{

        unsigned int col  = addr % 2048;

        unsigned int page = addr / 2048;

        volatile int i;

        NFADDR = col & 0xff;

        for (i = 0; i < 10; i++);

        NFADDR = (col >> & 0xff;

        for (i = 0; i < 10; i++);

       

        NFADDR  = page & 0xff;

        for (i = 0; i < 10; i++);

        NFADDR  = (page >> & 0xff;

        for (i = 0; i < 10; i++);

        NFADDR  = (page >> 16) & 0xff;

        for (i = 0; i < 10; i++);       

}

static void nand_wait_ready(void)

{

        while (!(NFSTAT & 1));

}

static unsigned char nand_data(void)

{

        return NFDATA;

}

static void nand_read_ll(unsigned int addr, unsigned char *buf, unsigned int len)

{

        int col = addr % 2048;

        int i = 0;

               

        /* 1. 选中 */

        nand_select();

        while (i < len)

        {

                /* 2. 发出读命令00h */

                nand_cmd(0x00);

                /* 3. 发出地址(分5步发出) */

                nand_addr(addr);

                /* 4. 发出读命令30h */

                nand_cmd(0x30);

                /* 5. 判断状态 */

                nand_wait_ready();

                /* 6. 读数据 */

                for (; (col < 204 && (i < len); col++)

                {

                        buf = nand_data();

                        i++;

                        addr++;

                }

               

                col = 0;

        }

        /* 7. 取消选中 */               

        nand_deselect();

}

通过阅读u-boot源码arch/arm/cpu/arm920t/start.S

#ifndef CONFIG_SKIP_LOWLEVEL_INIT

        bl        cpu_init_crit

#endif

        bl        _main

跳转到arch/arm/lib/crt0.S：_main

修改arch/arm/lib/crt0.S为:

ENTRY(_main)

/*

* Set up initial C runtime environment and call board_init_f(0).

*/

#if defined(CONFIG_SPL_BUILD) && defined(CONFIG_SPL_STACK)

        ldr        sp, =(CONFIG_SPL_STACK)

#else

        ldr        sp, =(CONFIG_SYS_INIT_SP_ADDR)

#endif

        bic        sp, sp, #7        /* 8-byte alignment for ABI compliance */

        sub        sp, sp, #GD_SIZE        /* allocate one GD above SP */

        bic        sp, sp, #7        /* 8-byte alignment for ABI compliance */

        mov        r9, sp                /* GD is above SP */

#if 1

__TEXT_BASE:

        .word        CONFIG_SYS_TEXT_BASE

        mov r0, #0

        ldr r1, __TEXT_BASE  

       

        ldr        r2, __TEXT_BASE

        ldr        r3, =__bss_end       

        sub r2, r3, r2

        bl copy_code_to_sdram

        bl clear_bss

       

        ldr pc, =call_board_init_f

       

call_board_init_f:

        mov        r0, #0

        bl        board_init_f

        ldr        sp, [r9, #GD_START_ADDR_SP]        /* sp = gd->start_addr_sp */

        bic        sp, sp, #7                        /* 8-byte alignment for ABI compliance */

        ldr        r9, [r9, #GD_BD]                /* r9 = gd->bd */

        sub        r9, r9, #GD_SIZE                /* new GD is below bd */

        ldr r1, __TEXT_BASE

        bl  board_init_r

#else

        mov        r0, #0

        bl        board_init_f

#if ! defined(CONFIG_SPL_BUILD)

/*

* Set up intermediate environment (new sp and gd) and call

* relocate_code(addr_moni). Trick here is that we'll return

* 'here' but relocated.

*/

        ldr        sp, [r9, #GD_START_ADDR_SP]        /* sp = gd->start_addr_sp */

        bic        sp, sp, #7        /* 8-byte alignment for ABI compliance */

        ldr        r9, [r9, #GD_BD]                /* r9 = gd->bd */

        sub        r9, r9, #GD_SIZE                /* new GD is below bd */

        adr        lr, here

        ldr        r0, [r9, #GD_RELOC_OFF]                /* r0 = gd->reloc_off */

        add        lr, lr, r0

        ldr        r0, [r9, #GD_RELOCADDR]                /* r0 = gd->relocaddr */

        b        relocate_code

here:

/* Set up final (full) environment */

        bl        c_runtime_cpu_setup        /* we still call old routine here */

        ldr        r0, =__bss_start        /* this is auto-relocated! */

        ldr        r1, =__bss_end                /* this is auto-relocated! */

        mov        r2, #0x00000000                /* prepare zero to clear BSS */

clbss_l:cmp        r0, r1                        /* while not at end of BSS */

        strlo        r2, [r0]                /* clear 32-bit BSS word */

        addlo        r0, r0, #4                /* move to next */

        blo        clbss_l

        bl coloured_LED_init

        bl red_led_on

        /* call board_init_r(gd_t *id, ulong dest_addr) */

        mov     r0, r9                  /* gd_t */

        ldr        r1, [r9, #GD_RELOCADDR]        /* dest_addr */

        /* call board_init_r */

        ldr        pc, =board_init_r        /* this is auto-relocated! */

        /* we should not return here. */

#endif

#endif

ENDPROC(_main)

修改arch/arm/lib/board.c中的函数board_init_f为：

        然后再board_init_f的结尾添加：

即将board_init_r要用的第一个参数返回，也就是重定向后gd结构体的起始地址。

修改include/common.h：

修改arch/arm/lib/board.c中的函数board_init_f

//addr -= gd->mon_len;

//addr &= ~(4096 - 1);

addr = CONFIG_SYS_TEXT_BASE;

然后编译，编译完成后，执行make u-boot.dis，生成u-boot的反汇编文件，看一下start.o、nand_read_ll.o、lowlevel_init.o是否被连接到了u-boot的前面4KB范围内：

从上面的图中可以看到，copy_code_to_sdram和clear_bss的地址已经超过4KB了，前面我们把CONFIG_SYS_TEXT_BASE设置为了0x33f80000，但是copy_code_to_sdram的地址已经到了0x33f81464，0x33f81464-0x33f80000=0x1464>0x1000，显然超多了4KB（十六进制就是0x1000），所以需要修改链接脚本和Makefile，将nand_read_ll和lowlevel_init.S 链接到uboot的前4KB内，具体做法如下：

修改链接脚本arch/arm/cpu/u-boot.lds把start.o、nand_read_ll.o、lowlevel_init.o编译到前面4KB

修改board/tq2440/Makefile：

obj-y        := tq2440.o

extra-y        := nand_read_ll.o

extra-y        += lowlevel_init.o

修改arch/arm/cpu/u-boot.lds：

        . = ALIGN(4);

        .text :

        {

                *(.__image_copy_start)

                CPUDIR/start.o (.text*)

                board/tq2440/lowlevel_init.o (.text*)

                board/tq2440/nand_read_ll.o (.text*)

                *(.text*)

        }

重新编译：

  ......

  HOSTLD  tools/dumpimage

  HOSTLD  tools/mkimage

  CC      arch/arm/lib/board.o

  LD      arch/arm/lib/built-in.o

  AS      board/tq2440/lowlevel_init.o

  CC      common/main.o

  CC      common/cmd_version.o

  LD      common/built-in.o

  CC      lib/display_options.o

  LD      lib/built-in.o

  LDS     u-boot.lds

  LD      u-boot

u-boot contains unexpected relocations:

make: *** [checkarmreloc] Error 1

搜索 “u-boot contains unexpected relocations”

pengdl@debian:~/work/tq2440/u-boot-2014.04$ grep "u-boot contains unexpected relocations" * -nR

没有搜索到任何内容，那么我们搜索checkarmreloc：

pengdl@debian:~/work/tq2440/u-boot-2014.04$ grep "checkarmreloc" * -nR

arch/arm/config.mk:105:ALL-y += checkarmreloc

Makefile:1123:checkarmreloc: u-boot

在顶层Makefile中有如下语句:

1121 # ARM relocations should all be R_ARM_RELATIVE (32-bit) or

1122 # R_AARCH64_RELATIVE (64-bit).

1123 checkarmreloc: u-boot                                                                                                           

1124     @RELOC="`$(CROSS_COMPILE)readelf -r -W $< | cut -d ' ' -f 4 | \

1125         grep R_A | sort -u`"; \

1126     if test "$$RELOC" != "R_ARM_RELATIVE" -a \

1127          "$$RELOC" != "R_AARCH64_RELATIVE"; then \

1128         echo "$< contains unexpected relocations: $$RELOC"; \

1129         false; \

1130     fi

那么我们就别编译checkarmreloc了，所以我们修改arch/arm/config.mk的第105行：

105 #ALL-y += checkarmreloc

重新编译，从NOR FLASH启动开发板，将u-boot.bin烧到NAND FLASH

TQ2440 # nand erase 0 40000;tftp 32000000 u-boot.bin;nand write 32000000 0 40000

NAND erase: device 0 offset 0x0, size 0x40000

Erasing at 0x20000 -- 100% complete.

OK

dm9000 i/o: 0x20000000, id: 0x90000a46

DM9000: running in 16 bit mode

MAC: 00:0c:29:2a:5c:a5

operating at 100M full duplex mode

Using dm9000 device

TFTP from server 192.168.1.8; our IP address is 192.168.1.6

Filename 'u-boot.bin'.

Load address: 0x32000000

Loading: T ###############

         39.1 KiB/s

done

Bytes transferred = 209400 (331f8 hex)

NAND write: device 0 offset 0x0, size 0x40000

262144 bytes written: OK

TQ2440 #

从NAND FLASh启动开发板

TQ2440 # reset

resetting ...

U-Boot 2014.04 (Jun 29 2014 - 07:58:40)

CPUID: 32440001

FCLK:      400 MHz

HCLK:      100 MHz

PCLK:       50 MHz

DRAM:  64 MiB

WARNING: Caches not enabled

Flash: *** failed ***

### ERROR ### Please RESET the board ###

卡在这里不动了，由于从NAND启动，CPU检测不到NOR FLASH，具体代码如下arch/arm/lib/board.c

flash_size = flash_init();

        if (flash_size > 0) {

# ifdef CONFIG_SYS_FLASH_CHECKSUM

                print_size(flash_size, "";

                /*

                 * Compute and print flash CRC if flashchecksum is set to 'y'

                 *

                 * NOTE: Maybe we should add some WATCHDOG_RESET()? XXX

                 */

                if (getenv_yesno("flashchecksum" == 1) {

                        printf("  CRC: %08X", crc32(0,

                                (const unsigned char *) CONFIG_SYS_FLASH_BASE,

                                flash_size));

                }

                putc('\n');

# else        /* !CONFIG_SYS_FLASH_CHECKSUM */

                print_size(flash_size, "\n";

# endif /* CONFIG_SYS_FLASH_CHECKSUM */

        } else {

                puts(failed);

                hang();

        }

其中failed定义为

#if !defined(CONFIG_SYS_NO_FLASH)

static char *failed = "*** failed ***\n";

#endif

函数hang()定义为

void hang(void)

{

        puts("### ERROR ### Please RESET the board ###\n";

        for (;;

}

我们直接注释掉上面的hang();

# endif /* CONFIG_SYS_FLASH_CHECKSUM */

        } else {

                puts(failed);

                //hang();

        }

#endif

重新编译，从NOR FLASH启动开发板，将u-boot.bin烧到NAND FLASH，从NAND启动

CPUID: 32440001

FCLK:      400 MHz

HCLK:      100 MHz

PCLK:       50 MHz

DRAM:  64 MiB

WARNING: Caches not enabled

Flash: *** failed ***

NAND:  256 MiB

In:    serial

Out:   serial

Err:   serial

Net:   dm9000

Hit any key to stop autoboot:  0

TQ2440 #

摩斯电码

一、 支持烧写yaffs文件系统

执行? Nand

TQ2440 # ? nand

nand - NAND sub-system

Usage:

……

没有.yaffs后缀，在源码目录搜索.yaffs

pengdl@debian:~/work/tq2440/u-boot-2014.04$ grep "\.yaffs" * -nR

......

common/cmd_nand.c:709:          } else if (!strcmp(s, ".yaffs") {

......

查看代码

708 #ifdef CONFIG_CMD_NAND_YAFFS

709         } else if (!strcmp(s, ".yaffs") {                                                                                      

710             if (read) {

711                 printf("Unknown nand command suffix '%s'.\n", s);

712                 return 1;

713             }

714             ret = nand_write_skip_bad(nand, off, &rwsize, NULL,

715                         maxsize, (u_char *)addr,

716                         WITH_YAFFS_OOB);

717 #endif

需要在配置文件tq2440.h中定义CONFIG_CMD_NAND_YAFFS

#define CONFIG_CMD_NAND_YAFFS

重新编译，烧写到NandFlash中：

TQ2440 # nand ?

nand - NAND sub-system

Usage:

……

nand write.yaffs - addr off|partition size

    write 'size' bytes starting at offset 'off' with yaffs format

from memory address 'addr', skipping bad blocks.

……

TQ2440 #

先直接烧写试一下

TQ2440 # tftp 32000000 uImage;nand erase.part kernel;

dm9000 i/o: 0x20000000, id: 0x90000a46

DM9000: running in 16 bit mode

MAC: 00:0c:29:2a:5c:a5

operating at 100M full duplex mode

Using dm9000 device

TFTP from server 192.168.1.8; our IP address is 192.168.1.6

Filename 'uImage'.

Load address: 0x32000000

Loading: T #################################################################

         #################################################################

         ############################

         361.3 KiB/s

done

Bytes transferred = 2317984 (235ea0 hex)

NAND erase.part: mtdparts variable not set, see 'help mtdparts'

incorrect device type in kernel

     TQ2440 # mtdpart default

TQ2440 # saveenv

Saving Environment to NAND...

Erasing NAND...

Erasing at 0x40000 -- 100% complete.

Writing to NAND... OK

TQ2440 # nand erase.part kernel

NAND erase.part: device 0 offset 0x200000, size 0x300000

Erasing at 0x4e0000 -- 100% complete.

OK

TQ2440 # nand write 32000000 kernel                烧写内核

NAND write: device 0 offset 0x200000, size 0x300000

3145728 bytes written: OK

TQ2440 # tftp 30000000 root.bin        确保yaffs文件系统是好的

dm9000 i/o: 0x20000000, id: 0x90000a46

DM9000: running in 16 bit mode

MAC: 00:0c:29:2a:5c:a5

operating at 100M full duplex mode

Using dm9000 device

TFTP from server 192.168.1.8; our IP address is 192.168.1.6

Filename 'root.bin'.

Load address: 0x30000000

Loading: T #################################################################

         #################################################################

         #################################################################

         #################################################################

         #################################################################

         #################################################################

         #################################################################

         ##########

         778.3 KiB/s

done

Bytes transferred = 6825984 (682800 hex)

TQ2440 # nand erase.part rootfs

TQ2440 # nand write.yaffs 30000000 rootfs $filesize

设置u-boot启动参数

TQ2440 # set bootargs root=/dev/mtdblock2 rootfstype=yaffs2 init=/linuxrc console=ttySAC0,115200

TQ2440 # set bootcmd nand read 32000000 kernel\;bootm 32000000

TQ2440 # save

TQ2440 # reset

resetting ...

U-Boot 2014.04 (Jun 29 2014 - 08:14:15)

CPUID: 32440001

FCLK:      400 MHz

HCLK:      100 MHz

PCLK:       50 MHz

DRAM:  64 MiB

WARNING: Caches not enabled

Flash: *** failed ***

NAND:  256 MiB

In:    serial

Out:   serial

Err:   serial

Net:   dm9000

Hit any key to stop autoboot:  0

NAND read: device 0 offset 0x200000, size 0x300000

3145728 bytes read: OK

## Booting kernel from Legacy Image at 32000000 ...

   Image Name:   Linux-3.8.7

   Image Type:   ARM Linux Kernel Image (uncompressed)

   Data Size:    2317920 Bytes = 2.2 MiB

   Load Address: 30008000

   Entry Point:  30008000

   Verifying Checksum ... OK

   Loading Kernel Image ... OK

Starting kernel ...

Uncompressing Linux... done, booting the kernel.

Error: unrecognized/unsupported machine ID (r1 = 0x000000c1).

Available machine support:

ID (hex)        NAME

000000a8        SMDK2440

Please check your kernel config and/or bootloader.

不支持的机器ID

由于我用的是tq2440自带的内核，tq2440的机器ID是168，修改arch/arm/mach-types.h，添加TQ2440的机器ID

两种解决办法：

1、 设置环境变量machid

TQ2440 # set machid a8

TQ2440 # save

2、 修改board/tq2440/tq2440.c: board_init函数

gd->bd->bi_arch_number = MACH_TYPE_TQ2440;

解决后重启开发板

resetting ...

U-Boot 2014.04 (Jun 29 2014 - 08:14:15)

CPUID: 32440001

FCLK:      400 MHz

HCLK:      100 MHz

PCLK:       50 MHz

DRAM:  64 MiB

WARNING: Caches not enabled

Flash: *** failed ***

NAND:  256 MiB

In:    serial

Out:   serial

Err:   serial

Net:   dm9000

Hit any key to stop autoboot:  0

NAND read: device 0 offset 0x200000, size 0x300000

3145728 bytes read: OK

## Booting kernel from Legacy Image at 32000000 ...

   Image Name:   Linux-2.6.30.4-EmbedSky

   Image Type:   ARM Linux Kernel Image (uncompressed)

   Data Size:    2415756 Bytes = 2.3 MiB

   Load Address: 30008000

   Entry Point:  30008000

   Verifying Checksum ... OK

   Loading Kernel Image ... OK

Using machid 0xa8 from environment

Starting kernel ...

Uncompressing Linux................................................................................................................................................................ done, booting the kernel.

Linux version 2.6.30.4-EmbedSky (pengdl@debian) (gcc version 4.3.3 (Sourcery G++ Lite 2009q1-176) ) #1 Sat Jun 21 02:35:07 EDT 2014

CPU: ARM920T [41129200] revision 0 (ARMv4T), cr=c0007177

CPU: VIVT data cache, VIVT instruction cache

................

NET: Registered protocol family 17

RPC: Registered udp transport module.

RPC: Registered tcp transport module.

lib80211: common routines for IEEE802.11 drivers

s3c2410-rtc s3c2410-rtc: setting system clock to 2013-03-03 18:07:17 UTC (1362334037)

yaffs: dev is 32505858 name is "mtdblock2"

yaffs: passed flags ""

yaffs: Attempting MTD mount on 31.2, "mtdblock2"

block 325 is bad

block 330 is bad

block 519 is bad

block 1252 is bad

block 1753 is bad

block 1754 is bad

yaffs_read_super: isCheckpointed 0

VFS: Mounted root (yaffs2 filesystem) on device 31:2.

Freeing init memory: 240K

Warning: unable to open an initial console.

Failed to execute /linuxrc.  Attempting defaults...

Kernel panic - not syncing: No init found.  Try passing init= option to kernel.

Backtrace:

[<c0048fd4>] (dump_backtrace+0x0/0x10c) from [<c036f630>] (dump_stack+0x18/0x1c)

r7:00000000 r6:c04e8d40 r5:c04e8700 r4:c04b0248

[<c036f618>] (dump_stack+0x0/0x1c) from [<c036f680>] (panic+0x4c/0x124)

[<c036f634>] (panic+0x0/0x124) from [<c00444f0>] (init_post+0xec/0x17

r3:00000000 r2:00000000 r1:c051f000 r0:c043c77c

[<c0044404>] (init_post+0x0/0x17 from [<c000847c>] (kernel_init+0xcc/0xf4)

r5:c001f860 r4:c001fcc8

[<c00083b0>] (kernel_init+0x0/0xf4) from [<c0059f30>] (do_exit+0x0/0x620)

r7:00000000 r6:00000000 r5:00000000 r4:00000000

已经挂载上yaffs2文件系统，因为yaffs文件系统是好的，所以是u-boot烧写yaffs文件系统的问题

YAFFS中，文件是以固定大小的数据块进行存储的，块的大小可以是512字节、1 024字节或者2 048字节。这种实现依赖于它能够将一个数据块头和每个数据块关联起来。每个文件（包括目录）都有一个数据块头与之相对应，数据块头中保存了ECC(Error Correction Code)和文件系统的组织信息，用于错误检测和坏块处理。

TQ2440开发板用的NAND FLASH每页2k

用UltraEdit打开刚才烧写的root.bin文件和烧到NAND FLASH里的数据对比

在u-boot中执行

TQ2440 # nand dump 500000

Page 00500000 dump:

        03 00 00 00 01 00 00 00  ff ff 00 00 00 00 00 00

     ………………………………………………

        ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff  ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff

OOB:

        ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff

        ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff

        ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff

        ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff

        ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff

        aa 9a a7 ff f3 03 ff ff

        ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff

        ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff

TQ2440 #

通过对比发现烧到NAND FLASH里的数据和原文件不一致

查看代码common/cmd_nand.c

#ifdef CONFIG_CMD_NAND_YAFFS

                } else if (!strcmp(s, ".yaffs") {

                        if (read) {

                                printf("Unknown nand command suffix '%s'.\n", s);

                                return 1;

                        }

                        ret = nand_write_skip_bad(nand, off, &rwsize,

                                                (u_char *)addr,

                                                WITH_YAFFS_OOB);

#endif

调用函数drivers/mtd/nand/nand_util.c: nand_write_skip_bad,注意这里传入了一个标志WITH_YAFFS_OOB

drivers/mtd/nand/nand_util.c：nand_write_skip_bad()函数

if (!need_skip && !(flags & WITH_DROP_FFS)) {

                rval = nand_write (nand, offset, length, buffer);

这里如果没有坏块而且没有指定WITH_DROP_FFS标志就执行nand_write (nand, offset, length, buffer);

而我们需要执行write_oob(nand, offset, &ops);所以应该加上之前传入的参数

if (!need_skip && !(flags & WITH_DROP_FFS) && !(flags & WITH_YAFFS_OOB))

ops.mode = MTD_OOB_RAW; /* 原来为AUTO，应该为原始 */

重新编译，烧写新的u-boot.bin，重新烧写yaffs文件系统

TQ2440 # nand erase.part u-boot;tftp 32000000 u-boot.bin;nand write 32000000 u-boot

TQ2440 # reset

TQ2440 # tftp 0x32000000 root.bin;nand erase.part rootfs;nand write.yaffs 0x32000000 rootfs $filesize

dm9000 i/o: 0x20000000, id: 0x90000a46

DM9000: running in 16 bit mode

MAC: 00:0c:29:2a:5c:a5

operating at 100M full duplex mode

Using dm9000 device

TFTP from server 192.168.1.8; our IP address is 192.168.1.6

Filename 'root.bin'.

Load address: 0x32000000

Loading: T #################################################################

         #################################################################

         #################################################################

         #################################################################

         #################################################################

         #################################################################

         #################################################################

         ##########

         777.3 KiB/s

done

Bytes transferred = 6825984 (682800 hex)

NAND erase.part: device 0 offset 0x500000, size 0xfb00000

Skipping bad block at  0x02d80000                                          

Skipping bad block at  0x02e20000                                          

Skipping bad block at  0x045c0000                                          

Skipping bad block at  0x0a160000                                          

Skipping bad block at  0x0e000000                                          

Skipping bad block at  0x0e020000                                          

Erasing at 0xffe0000 -- 100% complete.

OK

NAND write: device 0 offset 0x500000, size 0x682800

6825984 bytes written: OK

TQ2440 # reset

……

s3c2410-rtc s3c2410-rtc: setting system clock to 2013-03-03 18:11:59 UTC (1362334319)

yaffs: dev is 32505858 name is "mtdblock2"

yaffs: passed flags ""

yaffs: Attempting MTD mount on 31.2, "mtdblock2"

block 325 is bad

block 330 is bad

block 519 is bad

block 1252 is bad

block 1753 is bad

block 1754 is bad

yaffs_read_super: isCheckpointed 0

VFS: Mounted root (yaffs2 filesystem) on device 31:2.

Freeing init memory: 240K

mmc0: new SDHC card at address 1234

mmcblk0: mmc0:1234 SA04G 3.63 GiB

mmcblk0: p1

FAT: utf8 is not a recommended IO charset for FAT filesystems, filesystem will be case sensitive!

Please press Enter to activate this console.

[root@TQ2440 /]#

[root@TQ2440 /]#

未完待续。。。。。。

摩斯电码

一、 添加NAND FLASH 硬件ECC

在tq2440.h中定义如下宏

#define CONFIG_S3C2440_NAND_HWECC

#ifdef CONFIG_S3C2440_NAND_HWECC

#define CONFIG_SYS_NAND_ECCSIZE                2048

#define CONFIG_SYS_NAND_ECCBYTES            4

#endif

修改arch/arm/include/asm/arch-s3c24x0/s3c24x0.h：s3c2440_nand结构体，添加寄存器

        u32        nfstat0;

        u32        nfstat1;

        u32 nfmecc0;

        u32 nfmecc1;

        u32 nfsecc;

        u32 nfsblk;

        u32 nfeblk;

修改drivers/mtd/nand/s3c2440_nand.c

void s3c2440_nand_enable_hwecc(struct mtd_info *mtd, int mode)

{

        struct s3c2440_nand *nand = s3c2440_get_base_nand();

        debug("s3c2440_nand_enable_hwecc(%p, %d)\n", mtd, mode);

        /* 初始化ECC */

        writel(readl(&nand->nfcont) | (1 << 4), &nand->nfcont);

}

static int s3c2440_nand_calculate_ecc(struct mtd_info *mtd, const u_char *dat,

                                      u_char *ecc_code)

{

        struct s3c2440_nand *nand = s3c2440_get_base_nand();

        writel(readl(&nand->nfcont)| (1 << 5),&nand->nfcont);        /* 锁定main区ECC */

        /* 读取寄存器NFMECC0，该寄存器存放着由硬件生成的main区ECC */

        u32  mecc0;

        mecc0 = readl(&nand->nfmecc0);

        ecc_code[0] = mecc0 & 0xff;

        ecc_code[1] = (mecc0 >> &0xff;

        ecc_code[2] = (mecc0 >> 16) &0xff;

        ecc_code[3] =(mecc0 >> 24) & 0xff;

        debug("s3c2440_nand_calculate_hwecc(%p,): 0x%02x 0x%02x 0x%02x 0x%02x\n",

               mtd , ecc_code[0], ecc_code[1], ecc_code[2], ecc_code[3]);

        return 0;

}

static int s3c2440_nand_correct_data(struct mtd_info *mtd, u_char *dat,

                                     u_char *read_ecc, u_char *calc_ecc)

{

        struct  s3c2440_nand *nand = s3c2440_get_base_nand();

        u32  meccdata0, meccdata1, estat0, err_byte_addr;

        int  ret = -1;

        u8  repaired;

        meccdata0 = (read_ecc[1] << 16) | read_ecc[0];

        meccdata1 = (read_ecc[3] << 16) | read_ecc[2];

        writel(meccdata0, &nand->nfeccd0);

        writel(meccdata1, &nand->nfeccd1);

        /*Read ecc status */

        estat0 = readl(&nand->nfstat0);  

        switch(estat0 & 0x3) {

        case  0: /* No error */

                ret= 0;

                break;

        case  1:

                /*

                * 1 bit error (Correctable)

                * (nfestat0 >> 7) & 0x7ff    :error byte number

                * (nfestat0 >> 4) & 0x7      :error bit number

                */

                err_byte_addr = (estat0 >> 7) & 0x7ff;

                repaired = dat[err_byte_addr] ^ (1 << ((estat0 >> 4) & 0x7));

                printf("s3c2440_nand_correct_data: 1 bit error detected at byte %ld. Correcting from 0x%02x to 0x%02x...OK\n",

                                err_byte_addr, dat[err_byte_addr], repaired);

                dat[err_byte_addr] = repaired;

                ret= 0;

                break;

        case  2: /* Multiple error */

        case  3: /* ECC area error */

                printf("s3c2440_nand_correct_data: ECC uncorrectable errordetected. " "Not correctable.\n";

                ret= -1;

                break;

        }

        return ret;

}

在tq2440.h中定义CONFIG_MTD_NAND_VERIFY_WRITE实现把所写的数据再读取一遍，然后与被写入的数据之间进行比较来判断所写数据的正确性。

#define CONFIG_MTD_NAND_VERIFY_WRITE

drivers/mtd/nand/nand_base.c：nand_write_page函数

#ifdef CONFIG_MTD_NAND_VERIFY_WRITE

        /* Send command to read back the data */

        chip->cmdfunc(mtd, NAND_CMD_READ0, 0, page);

        if (chip->verify_buf(mtd, buf, mtd->writesize))

                return -EIO;

#endif

未完待续。。。。。。

摩斯电码

一、 最后

最后可以将malloc区域的大小重新改成4M+160KB，修改tq2440.h：

#define CONFIG_SYS_MALLOC_LEN        (2 * 1024 * 1024)

改为：

#define CONFIG_SYS_MALLOC_LEN        (4 * 1024 * 1024)

重新编译，下载运行，正常。

二、 制作补丁

进入将刚才移植好的u-boot-2014.04顶层目录，执行如下命令

pengdl@debian:~/work/tq2440$ mv u-boot-2014.04 u-boot-2014.04_tq2440_god_v2

pengdl@debian:~/work/tq2440$ cd u-boot-2014.04_tq2440_god_v2

pengdl@debian:~/work/tq2440/u-boot-2014.04_tq2440_god_v2$ make distclean

解压未修改过的

pengdl@debian:~/work/tq2440$ tar -xjf u-boot-2014.04.tar.bz2

制作补丁

pengdl@debian:~/work/tq2440$ diff -urwNB u-boot-2014.04 u-boot-2014.04_tq2440_god_v2/ > u-boot-2014.04_tq2440_v2.patch

打补丁

进入未修改的u-boot-2014.04源码目录

pengdl@debian:~/work/tq2440/u-boot-2014.04$ patch -p1 < ../u-boot-2014.04_tq2440_v2.patch

pengdl@debian:~/work/tq2440/u-boot-2014.04$ make tq2440_config

pengdl@debian:~/work/tq2440/u-boot-2014.04$ make

三、 用到的一些命令：

向NorFlash中烧写uboot:

protect off all

tftp 0x30000000 u-boot.bin

erase 0 +40000

cp.b 0x30000000 0x0 0x40000

向NandFlash中烧写uboot

tftp 0x30000000 u-boot.bin

nand erase.part u-boot   

#前提是在tq2440中做了配置：

#define MTDIDS_DEFAULT        "nand0=tq2440-0"

#define MTDPARTS_DEFAULT        "mtdparts=tq2440-0:1m(u-boot),"        \

                                                "1m(params),"                \

                                                "3m(kernel),"        \

                                                "-(rootfs)"

#参见第七步

nand write 0x30000000 u-boot 0x40000

向NandFlash中烧写内核：

tftp 0x30000000 uImage

nand erase.part kernel

nand write 0x30000000 kernel 0x300000

向NandFlash中烧写yaffs格式的rootfs

tftp 0x30000000 root.bin

nand erase.part rootfs

nand write.yaffs 0x30000000 rootfs $filesize

最后，附上移植文档和patch

移植文档

u-boot-2014.04移植手册(TQ2440).pdf (509.33 KB, 下载次数: 2215)

2014-06-30 09:27 上传

点击文件名下载附件

patch

u-boot-2014.04_tq2440_v2.rar (10.66 KB, 下载次数: 89)

2014-06-30 09:28 上传

点击文件名下载附件

另外一篇移植文档和补丁，可以与上面的一篇相互参考：

移植文档

uboot_2014_04移植到tq2440.pdf (1.84 MB, 下载次数: 250)

2014-06-30 09:32 上传

点击文件名下载附件

patch

u-boot-2014.04_tq2440.rar (10.17 KB, 下载次数: 79)

2014-06-30 09:32 上传

点击文件名下载附件

Xrz369

mark一下，正想学习