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Introduction to Solaris[TM] on an x86 PC platform
SUN Microsystems SPARC(R) Hardware:
Built by the same company that writes the Solaris Operating System, this system
contains a BOOT Prom that allows more flexibility for the debugging of boot and
installation problems. SUN Microsystems has both Hardware and Software
certified engineers providing technical support for any system problems.
SUN Microsystems Solaris OS:
This multi-processing Operating System is UNIX with SUN Microsystems
enhancements, based on SunOS[TM] 5.x. The OS provides 32-bit support for
application software. The OS provides a file system (everything has its place),
networking (teamwork between computers) and OpenWindows (a better view for your
work).
Brief history of the PC:
The first personal computer was introduced by IBM in the early 1980s. At a cost
of over $5000.00 for a basic system, it was equipped with two (2) floppy drives,
64K RAM and a CGA color display.
Introduction to the PC of 1984:
The first PCs on the market were not cost effective for home use and had little
or no application software available for them. The graphics capability was very
low resolution; most of the systems were equipped with Black and White monitors.
The CPU speeds went from 2 to 4.77 MHz. Very few of these early systems even
had an internal hard disk drive.
Introduction to the PC of 1996:
Pentium and Pentium Pros are available for both home and office at a price that
allows the average person the capability to afford a system. The graphic
resolution is as good, if not better, than what you would see watching your home
TV set. The PC audio systems rival the top-of-the-line stereo systems. CPU
speeds range from 90 to 200 MHz; you can even run more than one CPU at a time if
your OS is able to take advantage of this configuration.
What are the differences between CPUs?
The early CPUs did not have a math co-processor; they only had an 8-bit bus,
both internal and external to the CPU. In general, the Pentium has a 64-bit bus
to use. Some of the processors currently on the market have 128-bit internal
and 64-bit external busses.
What are the differences between motherboards?
Most of the motherboards are built using good standard practices. Some of the
motherboards built over seas are built with price in mind, rather than quality
first. This sometimes leads to having "traces" that are smaller than they
should be for the higher speeds that the systems run at today. Traces are like
"transmission" lines -- the smaller the trace, the more delays that are
introduced into the system.
What are IRQs?
IRQ stands for Interrupt ReQuest. These are signals that the CPU can see at
anytime during processing. Some IRQs override other IRQs (math errors). The
basic Pentium system has IRQ 0 to IRQ 15 available for its CPU.
What are I/O addresses?
Input /Output addresses communicate with devices on the system bus. These
addresses (for ISA devices) are 8-bits in length and mainly control devices such
as Serial and Parallel ports.
What is an OS?
The Operating System that most people associate with the PC is DOS (Disk
Operating System). The OS on a PC provides the programmer an interface to the
hardware on the PC system. There are many different OS packages on the market
today. Microsoft is the leader in OS software for the PC with DOS, Windows,
Windows for Workgroups, Windows95 and WindowsNT.
What type of disk drives are in a PC system?
A typical x86 system will support IDE and/or EIDE disk drives. Some systems
also have a SCSI interface card that will support SCSI disk drives, tape drives
and CD-ROM drives.
What is IDE and EIDE?
IDE (Integrated Disk Electronics) and EIDE (enhanced IDE) are the least
expensive disk technologies that followed the MFM and RLL disk interfaces
included in the PCs of the early 1980s. In 1994, EIDE was shipped in the PCs.
EIDE can support hard disk drives greater that 528 MB as well as tape drives and
CDROMs. IDE can only support two devices; EIDE supports up to four devices on
the same controller chip, although it requires two cables.
How much RAM should I have?
The minimum amount of RAM required for Solaris x86 is 16 MB. The OS will run
with this amount, but 32 MB is suggested.
What is an ISA bus?
ISA is the original 16-bit AT bus design. This is the older technology
providing limited I/O bus speed.
What is EISA bus?
The EISA bus is an extension of the ISA bus design. The performance speed is
close to the MCA bus. It is compatible with ISA boards, has a 32-bit high-speed
I/O bus and requires special setup drivers for installation.
What is VESA local bus?
The VESA local bus adapter is similar in appearance to the ISA board. The
obvious difference is the third paddle connector that connects to the VESA local
bus. VESA local bus adds a significant performance boost, keeping it
competitive with the PCI bus.
What is PCI bus?
The Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI) bus was developed to provide a fast
32-bit or 64-bit interconnection between the CPU, peripheral chips, and optional
adapter boards. PCI also supports Plug-N-Play for many of the interface boards
available today.
What is MCA bus?
The MicroChannel bus was designed by IBM. This bus has the following features:
1) designed to be the 32-bit bus of the future
2) excellent performance
3) higher cost
4) automated configuration
What is PCMCIA?
The Personal Computer Memory Card Interface Adapter (PCMCIA) is used primarily
on laptop systems to allow a quick interface to modems, NICs (Network Interface
Card) and memory expansion cards. The categories of PCMCIA cards are Type I,
Type II and Type III.
What are some of the differences between Solaris SPARC and Solaris X86?
1) There is no boot prom under x86. When the Black boot screen is displayed on
the screen with the selections of typing in a 'b' or 'i', most of the common
boot prom commands can be used. This screen is controlled by the /etc/bootrc
file. You can type 'b -r' to do a system reconfig, 'b -s' to boot into single
user and so on.
2) Only one COM port is enabled without modifying the
/platform/i86pc/kernel/drv/asy.conf file. Follow the instructions in the 'x86
Device Configuration Guide' to enable other that COM1 on an x86 system.
3) Unlike a SPARC, an x86 system can have different video cards, keyboards and
mouse. There is a special program under x86 that allows you to change/setup
these I/O devices. At the command prompt, type in: kdmconfig -u<enter>; and
then type in: kdmconfig -cf<enter>;. This will bring up a series of menus and
allow the user to choose new/updated equipment on the x86 system.
What do I need to install Solaris x86?
To install the Solaris software package, you will need:
1) the appropriate media containing either Version 2.5 or Version 2.5.1 for x86
2) the latest Driver Update from SUN
3) a copy of the latest Hardware Computability List
4) a list of all of the boards in your computer system with their IRQs and I/O
addresses
5) a Pentium or high end 486 system with a minimum of 16 MB of RAM
6) a CDROM drive (SCSI or E/IDE)
7) at least 500 MB of hard drive space (SCSI or E/IDE)
 to know the type of video card installed in your system and the chip set it
contains.
To determine the type of video card and chip set (without removing the board
from the system), and if you have DOS on the hard drive, or a floppy with DOS,
you can boot and run the DOS Debug program by entering -d c000:0 NOTE: The
following information was acquired from a system running with a PCI, ATI Mach64
video card with a BIOS date of 06/08/1994. You only need to read the
information from the right side of the screen. ** This will not work under
WIN95 DOS **
This is a Hex dump of the Video BIOS memory with any printable ASCII characters
printed on the right side of the screen.
** This is only a reference, some system may not allow you to view this data as
it is masked by Shadow or Cache memory **
C000:0000 55 AA 40 EB 7B 00 BF 00-00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 U.@.{...........
C000:0010 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00-0C 01 00 00 00 00 49 42 ..............IB
C000:0020 4D 00 95 7A 00 00 00 00-00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 M..z............
C000:0030 20 37 36 31 32 39 35 35-32 30 00 00 00 00 00 00 761295520......
C000:0040 33 31 00 20 00 00 00 00-F6 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 31. ............
C000:0050 31 39 39 34 2F 36 2F 38-20 31 34 3A 30 38 00 00 1994/6/8 14:08..
C000:0060 00 00 00 00 E9 A8 51 00-E9 9D 51 00 00 00 00 00 ......Q...Q.....
C000:0070 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00-00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ................
-d
C000:0080 E9 A1 00 0D 0A 41 54 49-20 4D 41 43 48 36 34 2C .....ATI MACH64,
C000:0090 20 50 43 49 20 42 49 4F-53 20 50 2F 4E 20 31 31 PCI BIOS P/N 11
C000:00A0 33 2D 32 35 35 30 34 2D-31 30 31 20 0D 0A 00 28 3-25504-101 ...(
C000:00B0 43 29 20 31 39 38 38 2D-39 34 2C 20 41 54 49 20 C) 1988-94, ATI
C000:00C0 54 65 63 68 6E 6F 6C 6F-67 69 65 73 20 49 6E 63 Technologies Inc
C000:00D0 2E 42 4B 33 2E 33 2E 33-20 47 58 43 58 50 43 49 .BK3.3.3 GXCXPCI
C000:00E0 55 59 4D 4D 31 30 30 2D-32 36 34 30 31 2D 30 30 UYMM100-26401-00
C000:00F0 20 00 00 90 16 00 00 A0-00 0F EC 02 FF 00 1F 1E ...............
-q
c:\
The best way to find out what your video card is and what video chip is on it is
to take out the video card and look at the card.
In order to determine the maximum resolution at which your card will work, refer
to the following the table. (You must know the amount of video memory you have
on your video card.)
Color Depth
Resolution 8-Bit Color 24-Bit Color
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
640x480 1 Mbytes 2 Mbytes
800x600 1 Mbytes 2 Mbytes
1024x768 1 Mbytes 3 Mbytes
1152x900 1 Mbytes 4 Mbytes
1280x1024 2 Mbytes 5 Mbytes
1600x1200 2 Mbytes 8 Mbytes
How long will the installation procedure take?
A normal, full system install on a P90 with 16 MB RAM, should take about
forty-five (45) minutes and an additional 20-30 minutes for the distribution
disk to be patched to the installed system.
How does SUN keep up with new boards and BIOS changes?
SUN releases 'Driver Updates' every 6 to 8 weeks from the time of software FCS.
These driver updates or DUs will have new and updated drivers for various new
video, SCSI and other miscellaneous cards for the PC. The DU is not a patch --
it contains updated drivers for Solaris x86.
Where can I get the Driver Update data?
If you do not have Internet access, call 1-800-SUNSOFT and select option #3.
Advise the person helping you that you need to get the latest Driver Updates for
Solaris x86, V2.X sent to you. If you are on the Internet, connect to
'access1.sun.com' and follow the path to the Solaris x86 download area for the
latest driver updates. If you are using a DOS system, be sure you also download
the program DD.EXE to allow you to write the diskettes for the driver update.
The files for the driver update seem to be larger that the floppies you are
trying to write them, but they will fit just fine.
How do I setup for multiple operating system?
The Solaris os allows you to boot up to four (4) operating systems on the same
hard drive. Solaris will make itself the 'active' partition of the drive and at
boot time, will present you with a boot menu. The following are some ideas
about setting up some of the more common configurations found in PC systems:
"I want DOS and Solaris on my system and only have one hard drive".
We will assume that this is a 1gb drive. First, setup a DOS partition of about
400mb and leave the rest of the drive un-partitioned. When you see the question
about how much of the drive to use, select what is available.
"I have drive 'C' setup for DOS/Windows and I want Solaris on drive 'D'.
This will work just fine but you will not be able to boot Solaris without using
the install/boot floppies. You could also boot Solaris if you have a third
party boot manager such as 'System Commander' from V Communications. This type
of package will allow you to boot to your DOS drive or boot Solaris on your
second hard drive.
"I want to install Solaris, NT and WIN95 on the same drive".
In this case, install NT, WIN95 and then Solaris x86. Both NT and WIN95 like to
take over and be the primary boot OS for the system. The Solaris boot manager
will allow you to boot into any of the three operating systems. You will also
be able to mount the NT and WIN95 partition if the NT partition is not NTFS (NT
File System).
"I want to install DOS on the first 100mb and then a small slice for Solaris and
then put an Extended DOS and then have Solaris take the rest of my 2.5gb hard
drive"
Solaris can not have more that one partition on the same drive.
Where and how do I start an Solaris x86 install?
First of all, get all of the product together. Map out your system as to how
each card in the system is configured and verify that all of the cards are on
the 'Hardware Compatibility List'. If you have any cards in question, take the
card out during the installation and try to install it after you have Solaris
x86 up and running.
With the system powered off, place the first boot floppy into drive A on your
system. Power up the system; as the system is coming up, open the CDROM drive
and insert the CDROM from SUN. Once the floppy is being accessed, the boot disk
will try to install all of its drivers. You may see messages that it can not
find or load many devices. This is normal and should not affect the
installation procedure.
The first main screen you will be presented is the information about your
system's storage devices. This should list all of your hard disk drives, your
CDROM drives and a net card (if one is installed).
Select the CDROM drive to boot and wait for the next screen. You will then be
presented with the option of 'Interactive or Jump-start' installation. Unless
you know how to setup the 'Jump-start' option, press the 'Enter' key to continue
with the Interactive install.
You will then be asked a question about your keyboard and asked if you would
like to install/setup your graphics to install with OpenWindows. I may suggest
that you press the 'F4' key to bypass the graphics install . Not all of the
correct drivers for all video cards are included on the boot floppies, you may
get an abort of the install because of this problem. You will be given the
opportunity to install your updated drivers at a later date.
The ANSI (non-graphical) install will allow you to use your cursor keys and the
space bar will be used for selections. You will now go through a few pages of
initial setup messages about your system. You need to know your IP address and
other related information if you are on a network. The install will then come
to the main system setup screen.
You will be asked to select which hard drive to install to and then asked if you
want to use the whole drive or what is available. Please refer to the above
section: "How do I setup for multiple operating system?" on how to setup the
systems hard drives.
After you select the hard drive to install to you will be questioned about
partitioning of the drive. You can setup the partitions/slices manually or have
the install do an auto layout. I would suggest doing a auto layout and then
selecting the option to modify the setup. The following is a suggested setup
for a 1gb hard drive with only Solaris on the drive.
s0 root 35mb (minimum)
s1 swap 2x your ram (4x if < 32mb of ram)
s2 backup (do not change this number)
s3 var ~1/3 of the remainder of the drive
s4 usr ~1/3 of the remainder of the drive
s5 opt ~1/3 of the remainder of the drive
s6 N/A
*
This setup does not have a '/usr/openwin' or an '/export/home' as these are not
required for the normal stand-a-lone install of Solaris x86.
The install program will request conformation for the layout you have selected
and will give you a warning if you are installing on any drive but the boot
drive. You will then get a message asking if you if you would like to 'auto
reboot' at the end of install. Answer this question 'no'. Some x86 systems
will not do a complete/correct reboot from a software reboot signal and may give
you some problems with your hard drive install of Solaris. Try doing an 'init
6' or 'reboot' after you know your system is fully up and functional to see if
you may have this problem . NOTE: If you need to do a remote boot of the
Solaris x86 system, this may be a problem.
At the end of the install, and if you are using a driver update, you will be
asked to insert the distribution floppy into the floppy drive. If there are
more than one distribution floppy, you will be asked to insert the next one when
needed. The system will then be patched with the new and updated drivers that
make up the driver update.
When the install software if completed you will be at a Unix prompt. At this
point, if you are in OpenWindows, click your right mouse button on a clear spot
on the screen and select the bottom selection of the menu. This will display
another menu box, select 'Exit' and the system will then go to a command line
prompt. Now, type in sync<enter>;, halt<enter>;. When the message 'Press any key
to continue' appears, either press the reset button or turn off the power and
then turn it back on after a bit of time.
NOTE: On a p90 with 16mb of ram, after you press the Enter key advising the
system you have taken out the last Distribution disk, the patch/upgrade program
should take about 20 to 30 minutes to return control back to you. If the
program come back to you in less than 5 minutes then you do not have a good
Solaris install and you should re-make your floppies and re-install. If you
have to re-make your floppies, do a DOS format of each of them before you DD the
data to them.
"How do I install Driver Updates without installing?
If you have Solaris installed and want to upgrade to the latest Driver Update,
the instructions for doing his are included in the Driver Update Guide, which
you can also download.
Trouble shooting the Solaris install
* This section will attempt to cover some of the more frequent install problems
associated with Solaris.
"I can not see my SCSI hard drive(s) listed on the boot from list"
"I can not see my SCSI CDROM listed on the boot from list"
1) Your SCSI controller is not on the hardware computability list. Solaris
supports most of the popular SCSI controllers. Most of the ones we do not
support are proprietary cards for special CDROM drives.
2) The driver for your SCSI controller did not get loaded. This usually means
that you have not setup the controller as per the 'x86 Device Configuration
Guide' or that you are having some conflicts with the IRQ or I/O address.
3) The termination scheme is not correct in your system. Remember, you must
terminate the ends of the SCSI bus. If you have only internal devices, have the
termination set on the controller and the last device in line. If you have both
internal and external devices, only terminate the last item on the external
chain and the last item on the internal chain.
4) If you are using an APA-348 (Mini SCSI to Parallel port adapter), remember
that one of the SCSI devices must supply term power. Try setting up this device
under DOS first. This will tell you if you have the correct settings on the
adapter and your SCSI devices.
"After I pick either Interactive or Jump-start, the system goes to the pipe
symbol and just spins"
1) This usually means that the install software is attempting to read from the
CDROM and is having problems.
2) If you are trying to use an E/IDE CDROM drive, see if the CDROM is on the
secondary controller and if so, move it to the primary controller as slave. If
you already have two hard drives, try moving the slave drive to the secondary
controller as a master and the CDROM drive to the primary as slave.
3) Make sure that your CDROM drive is NOT on a controller from your sound card
or from its own controller. The only sound card controller Solaris supports is
the Sound Blaster II/SCSI card (as of DU4 of Solaris 2.5/2.5.1).
"After I pick either Interactive or Jump-start, the system goes to the pipe
symbol, spins for a time and then the screen goes blank"
1) Check the video card and make sure that it is on the compatibility list.
2) Go into your system BIOS and check for 'video shadow ram'. If this is on,
turn it off, if it is off, turn it on.
3) Check your video card to see if it is using IRQ-9 for some reason. Solaris
and most of today's software do not use an IRQ for the video card and this can
be disabled.
4) Usually, the Specialty cards will display this problem. The Diamond Viper,
Matrix Millennium are two examples. If you have one of these, try exchanging it
for a standard VGA card and if the install works then reinstall your video card
and run 'kdmconfig' to get your board setup in your system.
"After I pick either Interactive or Jump-start, the system goes to the pipe
symbol and then I get page after page of 'Panic/Page Fault' messages and the
system reboots"
1) If you have added ram memory above the memory your system came with, try
removing the new ram memory. Solaris is very fussy about memory and on some
systems, it has to be the same in all banks.
2) A bad read from the CDROM can cause this also. The quick test is to slow the
transfer of data from the CDROM down. For E/IDE, turn off all Cache memory
under the BIOS setup. For SCSI, lower the transfer rate for the CDROM to the
slowest setting available. Once you have Solaris installed you can return the
system to normal speed.
3) If you have some special board that requires a unique driver under DOS or
whatever OS you would normally use, try removing it for the install. Boards
that require a special driver can still respond to a request from many
addresses.
"I pick my graphics card but my monitor is not on your list"
1) Get the manual for your monitor and find the specifications for it. Most
monitors today will handle up to 1280x1024 @ 60khz.
2) Pick a monitor that comes the closest to your monitor from the
'Multi-Frequency' list.
"I know my video card and monitor but the screen goes blank when openwindows
tries to come up"
1) This is usually because the wrong mouse was selected. If your mouse has a
small round connector and is plugged in next to the keyboard on the back of your
computer, this is a 'PS/2' style mouse. The best way to test this is to pick
the '640x480 16 color' selection. If OpenWindows comes up and you can move your
mouse then, recheck your video card and the amount of memory it has.
2) If you know for sure you have a Serial mouse, make sure it is on COM1 as the
install does not support a serial mouse on any other COM port.
"I get a message that there are no disk available to install to"
1) If you are running SCSI drives, try the following:
A) Make sure that your controller is on the Hardware Compatibility List.
B) Check the boot up of Solaris to see if a driver for you SCSI card is
loaded.
C) Check for correct connections of the SCSI devices (terminations, term
power).
2) If you are running E/IDE drives, try the following:
A) If you have your CDROM on your primary controller, make sure it is
set to be slave.
B) If you have more than one hard drive, make sure that they are setup to
be Master/Slave.
C) Check the boot up of Solaris to see if a driver for the IDE controller
is loaded.
"I want to exchange some data with DOS, how do I mount my DOS partition"?
1) If the DOS partition is E/IDE and is on the first partition of drive 'C:':
mount -F pcfs /dev/dsk/c0d0p0:c /xxx (xxx is your mount point for the drive)
2) If the DOS partition is E/IDE and you want the first extended partition on
drive 'C:':
mount -F pcfs /dev/dsk/c0d0p0:d /xxx (xxx is your mount point for the drive)
3) If your DOS is on a SCSI drive, change /c0d0p0:c to /c0t0d0p0:c. |
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发表于 2003-02-06 19:54
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