Pre-installation Tasks(FeeBSD安装笔记1)

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　　　　这是我做的安装FreeBSD的笔记．因为要学FreeBSD，就应该先安装这个操作系统再算，而怎么样安装则是个问题。于是，我浏览了FreeBSD的网站，看了里面的资料，摘录了以下这些安装FreeBSD的过程方法。
Pre-installation Tasks:
1.Inventory Your Computer
Many older devices are called ISA devices--as opposed to PCI devices. The ISA specification requires each device to have some information hard coded into it, typically the Interrupt Request Line number (IRQ) and IO port address that the driver uses. This information is commonly set by using physical jumpers on the card, or by using a DOS based utility.
This was often a source of problems, because it was not possible to have two devices that shared the same IRQ or port address.
Newer devices follow the PCI specification, which does not require this, as the devices are supposed to cooperate with the BIOS, and are told which IRQ and IO port addresses to use.
If you have any ISA devices in your computer then FreeBSD's driver for that device will need to be configured with the IRQ and port address that you have set the card to. This is why carrying out an inventory of your hardware (see Section 2.2.1) can be useful.
2 .Backup Your Data
3 .Decide Where to Install FreeBSD
3.1 Disk Layouts for the i386™
PC disk can be divided into discrete chunks. These chunks are called partitions. By design, the PC only supports four partitions per disk. These partitions are called primary partitions. To work around this limitation and allow more than four partitions, a new partition type was created, the extended partition. A disk may contain only one extended partition. Special partitions, called logical partitions, can be created inside this extended partition.
Each partition has a partition ID, which is a number used to identify the type of data on the partition. FreeBSD partitions have the partition ID of 165.
FreeBSD must be installed into a primary partition.
4. Obtain the FreeBSD Installation Files:
The FreeBSD installation process can install FreeBSD from files located in any of the following places:
Local Media
A CDROM or DVD
A DOS partition on the same computer
A SCSI or QIC tape
Floppy disks
Network
An FTP site, going through a firewall, or using an HTTP proxy, as necessary
An NFS server
A dedicated parallel or serial connection
5.Prepare the Boot Media
The FreeBSD installation process is started by booting your computer into the FreeBSD installer--it is not a program you run within another operating system.
To create boot floppy images, follow these steps:
1. Acquire the Boot Floppy Images
The floppy images have a .flp extension. The floppies/ directory contains a number of different images, and the ones you will need to use depends on the version of FreeBSD you are installing, and in some cases, the hardware you are installing to. If you are installing FreeBSD 4.X in most cases you will just need two files, kern.flp and mfsroot.flp. If you are installing FreeBSD 5.X in most cases you will need three floppies, boot.flp, kern1.flp, and kern2.flp.
Note: Additional device drivers may be necessary for 5.X systems older than FreeBSD 5.3. These drivers are provided on the drivers.flp image.
2. Prepare the Floppy Disks
You must prepare one floppy disk per image file you had to download. It is imperative that these disks are free from defects. The easiest way to test this is to format the disks for yourself. Do not trust pre-formatted floppies.
3. Write the Image Files to the Floppy Disks
The .flp files are not regular files you copy to the disk. They are images of the complete contents of the disk. This means that you cannot simply copy files from one disk to another. Instead, you must use specific tools to write the images directly to the disk.
If you are creating the floppies on a computer running MS-DOS/Windows, then we provide a tool to do this called fdimage.
If you are using the floppies from the CDROM, and your CDROM is the E: drive, then you would run this:
E:> toolsfdimage floppieskern.flp A:
Repeat this command for each .flp file, replacing the floppy disk each time, being sure to label the disks with the name of the file that you copied to them. Adjust the command line as necessary, depending on where you have placed the .flp files.



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