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使用cat more less都可以查看文本内容,但是它们三者有什么区别呢?
more和less的功能完全重复吗?
以下是我个人的总结,欢迎大家一起来分享
cat 连续显示、查看文件内容
more 分页查看文件内容
less 分页可控制查看文件内容
通俗点说:
cat一次性把文件内容全部显示出来,管你看不看得清,显示完了cat命令就返回了,不能进行交互式操作,适合察看内容短小、不超过一屏的文件;
more比cat强大一点,支持分页显示,你可以ctrl+B ctrl+F .....上下滚屏,但是不支持像shift+G(跳到文件尾)这种操作;
less比more更强大一点,支持各种命令,随便翻页、跳转、查找.....想怎么看,就怎么看,爱怎么看,就怎么看。
附less的帮助内容- SUMMARY OF LESS COMMANDS
- Commands marked with * may be preceded by a number, N.
- Notes in parentheses indicate the behavior if N is given.
- h H Display this help.
- q :q Q :Q ZZ Exit.
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
- MOVING
- e ^E j ^N CR * Forward one line (or N lines).
- y ^Y k ^K ^P * Backward one line (or N lines).
- f ^F ^V SPACE * Forward one window (or N lines).
- b ^B ESC-v * Backward one window (or N lines).
- z * Forward one window (and set window to N).
- w * Backward one window (and set window to N).
- ESC-SPACE * Forward one window, but don't stop at end-of-file.
- d ^D * Forward one half-window (and set half-window to N).
- u ^U * Backward one half-window (and set half-window to N).
- ESC-) RightArrow * Left one half screen width (or N positions).
- ESC-( LeftArrow * Right one half screen width (or N positions).
- F Forward forever; like "tail -f".
- r ^R ^L Repaint screen.
- R Repaint screen, discarding buffered input.
- ---------------------------------------------------
- Default "window" is the screen height.
- Default "half-window" is half of the screen height.
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
- SEARCHING
- /pattern * Search forward for (N-th) matching line.
- ?pattern * Search backward for (N-th) matching line.
- n * Repeat previous search (for N-th occurrence).
- N * Repeat previous search in reverse direction.
- ESC-n * Repeat previous search, spanning files.
- ESC-N * Repeat previous search, reverse dir. & spanning files.
- ESC-u Undo (toggle) search highlighting.
- ---------------------------------------------------
- Search patterns may be modified by one or more of:
- ^N or ! Search for NON-matching lines.
- ^E or * Search multiple files (pass thru END OF FILE).
- ^F or @ Start search at FIRST file (for /) or last file (for ?).
- ^K Highlight matches, but don't move (KEEP position).
- ^R Don't use REGULAR EXPRESSIONS.
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
- JUMPING
- g ESC-> * Go to last line in file (or line N).
- p % * Go to beginning of file (or N percent into file).
- t * Go to the (N-th) next tag.
- T * Go to the (N-th) previous tag.
- { ( [ * Find close bracket } ) ].
- } ) ] * Find open bracket { ( [.
- ESC-^F * Find close bracket .
- ESC-^B * Find open bracket
- ---------------------------------------------------
- Each "find close bracket" command goes forward to the close bracket
- matching the (N-th) open bracket in the top line.
- Each "find open bracket" command goes backward to the open bracket
- matching the (N-th) close bracket in the bottom line.
- m Mark the current position with .
- ' Go to a previously marked position.
- '' Go to the previous position.
- ^X^X Same as '.
- ---------------------------------------------------
- A mark is any upper-case or lower-case letter.
- Certain marks are predefined:
- ^ means beginning of the file
- $ means end of the file
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
- CHANGING FILES
- :e [file] Examine a new file.
- ^X^V Same as :e.
- :n * Examine the (N-th) next file from the command line.
- :p * Examine the (N-th) previous file from the command line.
- :x * Examine the first (or N-th) file from the command line.
- :d Delete the current file from the command line list.
- = ^G :f Print current file name.
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
- MISCELLANEOUS COMMANDS
- - Toggle a command line option [see OPTIONS below].
- -- Toggle a command line option, by name.
- _ Display the setting of a command line option.
- __ Display the setting of an option, by name.
- +cmd Execute the less cmd each time a new file is examined.
- !command Execute the shell command with $SHELL.
- |Xcommand Pipe file between current pos & mark X to shell command.
- v Edit the current file with $VISUAL or $EDITOR.
- V Print version number of "less".
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
- OPTIONS
- Most options may be changed either on the command line,
- or from within less by using the - or -- command.
- Options may be given in one of two forms: either a single
- character preceded by a -, or a name preceeded by --.
- -? ........ --help
- Display help (from command line).
- -a ........ --search-skip-screen
- Forward search skips current screen.
- -b [N] .... --buffers=[N]
- Number of buffers.
- -B ........ --auto-buffers
- Don't automatically allocate buffers for pipes.
- -c -C .... --clear-screen --CLEAR-SCREEN
- Repaint by scrolling/clearing.
- -d ........ --dumb
- Dumb terminal.
- -D [xn.n] . --color=xn.n
- Set screen colors. (MS-DOS only)
- -e -E .... --quit-at-eof --QUIT-AT-EOF
- Quit at end of file.
- -f ........ --force
- Force open non-regular files.
- -F ........ --quit-if-one-screen
- Quit if entire file fits on first screen.
- -g ........ --hilite-search
- Highlight only last match for searches.
- -G ........ --HILITE-SEARCH
- Don't highlight any matches for searches.
- -h [N] .... --max-back-scroll=[N]
- Backward scroll limit.
- -i ........ --ignore-case
- Ignore case in searches that do not contain uppercase.
- -I ........ --IGNORE-CASE
- Ignore case in all searches.
- -j [N] .... --jump-target=[N]
- Screen position of target lines.
- -J ........ --status-column
- Display a status column at left edge of screen.
- -k [file] . --lesskey-file=[file]
- Use a lesskey file.
- -L ........ --no-lessopen
- Ignore the LESSOPEN environment variable.
- -m -M .... --long-prompt --LONG-PROMPT
- Set prompt style.
- -n -N .... --line-numbers --LINE-NUMBERS
- Use line numbers.
- -o [file] . --log-file=[file]
- Copy to log file (standard input only).
- -O [file] . --LOG-FILE=[file]
- Copy to log file (unconditionally overwrite).
- -p [pattern] --pattern=[pattern]
- Start at pattern (from command line).
- -P [prompt] --prompt=[prompt]
- Define new prompt.
- -q -Q .... --quiet --QUIET --silent --SILENT
- Quiet the terminal bell.
- -r -R .... --raw-control-chars --RAW-CONTROL-CHARS
- Output "raw" control characters.
- -s ........ --squeeze-blank-lines
- Squeeze multiple blank lines.
- -S ........ --chop-long-lines
- Chop long lines.
- -t [tag] .. --tag=[tag]
- Find a tag.
- -T [tagsfile] --tag-file=[tagsfile]
- Use an alternate tags file.
- -u -U .... --underline-special --UNDERLINE-SPECIAL
- Change handling of backspaces.
- -V ........ --version
- Display the version number of "less".
- -w ........ --hilite-unread
- Highlight first new line after forward-screen.
- -W ........ --HILITE-UNREAD
- Highlight first new line after any forward movement.
- -x [N[,...]] --tabs=[N[,...]]
- Set tab stops.
- -X ........ --no-init
- Don't use termcap init/deinit strings.
- --no-keypad
- Don't use termcap keypad init/deinit strings.
- -y [N] .... --max-forw-scroll=[N]
- Forward scroll limit.
- -z [N] .... --window=[N]
- Set size of window.
- -" [c[c]] . --quotes=[c[c]]
- Set shell quote characters.
- -~ ........ --tilde
- Don't display tildes after end of file.
- -# [N] .... --shift=[N]
- Horizontal scroll amount (0 = one half screen width)
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
- LINE EDITING
- These keys can be used to edit text being entered
- on the "command line" at the bottom of the screen.
- RightArrow ESC-l Move cursor right one character.
- LeftArrow ESC-h Move cursor left one character.
- CNTL-RightArrow ESC-RightArrow ESC-w Move cursor right one word.
- CNTL-LeftArrow ESC-LeftArrow ESC-b Move cursor left one word.
- HOME ESC-0 Move cursor to start of line.
- END ESC-$ Move cursor to end of line.
- BACKSPACE Delete char to left of cursor.
- DELETE ESC-x Delete char under cursor.
- CNTL-BACKSPACE ESC-BACKSPACE Delete word to left of cursor.
- CNTL-DELETE ESC-DELETE ESC-X Delete word under cursor.
- CNTL-U ESC (MS-DOS only) Delete entire line.
- UpArrow ESC-k Retrieve previous command line.
- DownArrow ESC-j Retrieve next command line.
- TAB Complete filename & cycle.
- SHIFT-TAB ESC-TAB Complete filename & reverse cycle.
- CNTL-L Complete filename, list all.
- HELP -- END -- Press g to see it again, or q when done
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本文来自ChinaUnix博客,如果查看原文请点:http://blog.chinaunix.net/u/4637/showart_328633.html |
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