IBM T30安装FreeBSD6.2亲历记

gnugg

FreeBSD6.2出炉不久，忍不住想把玩一番，于是就有了该篇文章，仅供新手和爱好者参考。
    我的小黑硬件配置为:P4M 2.0G     1G DDR内存    120G 5400转 硬盘    16M ATI独立显卡；硬盘分4个区：C、D、E、F，C盘装了XP系统，F盘作为XP和FB共享的分区，现在要从划分为主分区的空间大小为14G的E盘上安装FB，过程如下：
    我是用光盘安装的，首先从
http://www.freebsd.org/where.html
下载最新的FreeBSD 6.2-RELEASE版本，然后将镜像文件刻录成光盘（只需刻录安装盘和软件包盘即可）。下面将安装盘放入光驱，启动电脑开始引导安装盘安装：
    第一步：分区
    在sysinstall开始界面选择Custom，Partition选择安装磁盘为划分的E盘；然后选择系统开机方式为BootMgr；分割Label可按照自己的需要分割，也可以让系统自己来分割。
    第二步：安装
    接着定制自己需要的东西，选择安装媒介为光驱。然后就可以开始安装了，整个过程需要20分钟吧。
    第三步：后设定
    进入configure，配置好网卡、时区，设置鼠标，添加用户设置密码；一切结束，重新开机。
    第四步：安装和配置X-Window
  配置X
    #Xorg -configure
    该操作会在/root下生成一个xorg.conf.new文件
    #cd /root
    #Xorg -config xorg.conf.new
    该步测试X用，这时应该进入了X界面，并且鼠标可以动，测试成功!按Ctrl+Alt+Backspace退出测试
    #cp xorg.conf.new /etc/X11/xorg.conf
    若xorg.conf里面的设置不是很适合自己的机器，可以用vi去修改
    #vi ~/.xinitrc
    在里面加入一行：exec startkde 保存退出
    如果想开机就进入X，你可以在/etc/ttys中修改内容为
       ttyv8   "/usr/local/bin/kdm -nodaemon"  xterm on  secure      
    默认不允许root从KDM登录，允许需要按下修改：
       vi /usr/local/share/config/kdm/kdmrc
    修改内容 AllRootLogin=ture
    现在#startx就可以进入你的KDE了
配置 KDE中文环境
    #vi /etc/login.conf
    加入下面内容：
       #
       #Chinese Users Accounts
       #
       chinese|Chinese Users Accounts:\
             :charset=GBK:\
             :lang=zh_CN.GBK:\
             :tc=default:
    保存退出
    #cap_mkdb /etc/login.conf
    #vipw
    进入后修改root:$....:0:0::0:0:charlie&:/root:/...这一行，在第二个0后的两个冒号间加入    chinese，然后保存退出
    #mkdir /usr/X11R6/lib/X11/fonts/TrueType
    然后将字体文件，主要是simsun.ttf等拷入TrueType目录下，可以加载windows系统，从其下    的/WINDOWS/Fonts目录下拷
    #fc-cache -fv
    该操作是为了缓存字体文件
    #cd /usr/ports/chinese/kde3-i18n-zh_CN
    #make install clean
    该操作是安装KDE中文环境
    #vi ~/.profile
    加入下面两行：
    LANG=zh_CN.GBK; export LANG
    LC_CTYPE=zh_CN.GBK; export LC_CTYPE
  安装中文输入法
    #cd /usr/ports/chinese/fcitx
    #make install clean
    该操作安装了fcitx中文输入法
    #vi ~/.xinitrc
    在exec startkde前加入下面内容：
    LANG=zh_CN.GBK; export LANG
    LC_CTYPE=zh_CN.GBK; export LC_CTYPE
    export
[email=XMODIFIERS='@im=fcitx']XMODIFIERS='@im=fcitx'[/email]
    fcitx &
识别中文目录和中文文件名
    我的XP和FB共享的分区是ad0s4,设置如下：
    #mount_msdosfs -L zh_CN.GBK /dev/ad0s4 /hd       其中/hd是共享分区的挂载点
配置声卡
    #vi /boot/defaults/loader.conf
    修改Sound modules部分，把相应声卡驱动Load上即可
    然后重启系统，进入KDE，打开KDE控制中心设置:
    ->区域和辅助功能->国家/地区和语言 选中国，把简体中文加上
    然后设置下字体完成了整个中文KDE的定制

第五步：编译内核
  定制内核
    #cd /usr/src/sys/i386/conf
    #mkdir /root/kernels
    #cp GENERIC /root/kernels/MYKERNEL
    #ln -s /root/kernels/MYKERNEL
    #vi /root/kernels/MYKERNEL
    然后编辑MYKERNEL
    我的内核配置如下：
#
# GENERIC -- Generic kernel configuration file for FreeBSD/i386
#
# For more information on this file, please read the handbook section on
# Kernel Configuration Files:
#
#   
http://www.FreeBSD.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/kernelconfig-config.html
#
# The handbook is also available locally in /usr/share/doc/handbook
# if you've installed the doc distribution, otherwise always see the
# FreeBSD World Wide Web server (
http://www.FreeBSD.org/
) for the
# latest information.
#
# An exhaustive list of options and more detailed explanations of the
# device lines is also present in the ../../conf/NOTES and NOTES files.
# If you are in doubt as to the purpose or necessity of a line, check first
# in NOTES.
#
# $FreeBSD: src/sys/i386/conf/GENERIC,v 1.429.2.13 2006/10/09 18:41:36 simon Exp $
machine  i386
#cpu  I486_CPU
#cpu  I586_CPU
cpu  I686_CPU
ident  EMILEKERNEL
# To statically compile in device wiring instead of /boot/device.hints
#hints  "GENERIC.hints"  # Default places to look for devices.
#makeoptions DEBUG=-g  # Build kernel with gdb(1) debug symbols
options  SCHED_4BSD  # 4BSD scheduler
options  PREEMPTION  # Enable kernel thread preemption
options  INET   # InterNETworking
#options  INET6   # IPv6 communications protocols
options  FFS   # Berkeley Fast Filesystem
options  SOFTUPDATES  # Enable FFS soft updates support
options  UFS_ACL   # Support for access control lists
options  UFS_DIRHASH  # Improve performance on big directories
options  MD_ROOT   # MD is a potential root device
#options  NFSCLIENT  # Network Filesystem Client
#options  NFSSERVER  # Network Filesystem Server
#options  NFS_ROOT  # NFS usable as /, requires NFSCLIENT
options  MSDOSFS   # MSDOS Filesystem
options  CD9660   # ISO 9660 Filesystem
options  PROCFS   # Process filesystem (requires PSEUDOFS)
options  PSEUDOFS  # Pseudo-filesystem framework
options  GEOM_GPT  # GUID Partition Tables.
options  COMPAT_43  # Compatible with BSD 4.3 [KEEP THIS!]
options  COMPAT_FREEBSD4  # Compatible with FreeBSD4
options  COMPAT_FREEBSD5  # Compatible with FreeBSD5
options  SCSI_DELAY=1000  # Delay (in ms) before probing SCSI
#options  KTRACE   # ktrace(1) support
options  SYSVSHM   # SYSV-style shared memory
options  SYSVMSG   # SYSV-style message queues
options  SYSVSEM   # SYSV-style semaphores
options  _KPOSIX_PRIORITY_SCHEDULING # POSIX P1003_1B real-time extensions
options  KBD_INSTALL_CDEV # install a CDEV entry in /dev
options  ADAPTIVE_GIANT  # Giant mutex is adaptive.
#device  apic   # I/O APIC
# Bus support.
#device  eisa
device  pci
# Floppy drives
#device  fdc
# ATA and ATAPI devices
device  ata
device  atadisk  # ATA disk drives
device  ataraid  # ATA RAID drives
device  atapicd  # ATAPI CDROM drives
#device  atapifd  # ATAPI floppy drives
#device  atapist  # ATAPI tape drives
options  ATA_STATIC_ID # Static device numbering
# SCSI Controllers
#device  ahb  # EISA AHA1742 family
device  ahc  # AHA2940 and onboard AIC7xxx devices
#options  AHC_REG_PRETTY_PRINT # Print register bitfields in debug
     # output.  Adds ~128k to driver.
device  ahd  # AHA39320/29320 and onboard AIC79xx devices
#options  AHD_REG_PRETTY_PRINT # Print register bitfields in debug
     # output.  Adds ~215k to driver.
#device  amd  # AMD 53C974 (Tekram DC-390(T))
#device  isp  # Qlogic family
#device  ispfw  # Firmware for QLogic HBAs- normally a module
#device  mpt  # LSI-Logic MPT-Fusion
#device  ncr  # NCR/Symbios Logic
#device  sym  # NCR/Symbios Logic (newer chipsets + those of `ncr')
#device  trm  # Tekram DC395U/UW/F DC315U adapters
#device  adv  # Advansys SCSI adapters
#device  adw  # Advansys wide SCSI adapters
#device  aha  # Adaptec 154x SCSI adapters
#device  aic  # Adaptec 15[012]x SCSI adapters, AIC-6[23]60.
#device  bt  # Buslogic/Mylex MultiMaster SCSI adapters
#device  ncv  # NCR 53C500
#device  nsp  # Workbit Ninja SCSI-3
#device  stg  # TMC 18C30/18C50
# SCSI peripherals
device  scbus  # SCSI bus (required for SCSI)
#device  ch  # SCSI media changers
device  da  # Direct Access (disks)
#device  sa  # Sequential Access (tape etc)
#device  cd  # CD
device  pass  # Passthrough device (direct SCSI access)
#device  ses  # SCSI Environmental Services (and SAF-TE)
# RAID controllers interfaced to the SCSI subsystem
#device  amr  # AMI MegaRAID
#device  arcmsr  # Areca SATA II RAID
#device  asr  # DPT SmartRAID V, VI and Adaptec SCSI RAID
#device  ciss  # Compaq Smart RAID 5*
#device  dpt  # DPT Smartcache III, IV - See NOTES for options
#device  hptmv  # Highpoint RocketRAID 182x
#device  rr232x  # Highpoint RocketRAID 232x
#device  iir  # Intel Integrated RAID
#device  ips  # IBM (Adaptec) ServeRAID
#device  mly  # Mylex AcceleRAID/eXtremeRAID
#device  twa  # 3ware 9000 series PATA/SATA RAID
# RAID controllers
#device  aac  # Adaptec FSA RAID
#device  aacp  # SCSI passthrough for aac (requires CAM)
#device  ida  # Compaq Smart RAID
#device  mfi  # LSI MegaRAID SAS
#device  mlx  # Mylex DAC960 family
#device  pst  # Promise Supertrak SX6000
#device  twe  # 3ware ATA RAID
# atkbdc0 controls both the keyboard and the PS/2 mouse
device  atkbdc  # AT keyboard controller
device  atkbd  # AT keyboard
device  psm  # PS/2 mouse
device  kbdmux  # keyboard multiplexer
device  vga  # VGA video card driver
device  splash  # Splash screen and screen saver support
# syscons is the default console driver, resembling an SCO console
device  sc
# Enable this for the pcvt (VT220 compatible) console driver
#device  vt
#options  XSERVER  # support for X server on a vt console
#options  FAT_CURSOR # start with block cursor
device  agp  # support several AGP chipsets
# Power management support (see NOTES for more options)
device  apm
# Add suspend/resume support for the i8254.
device  pmtimer
# PCCARD (PCMCIA) support
# PCMCIA and cardbus bridge support
device  cbb  # cardbus (yenta) bridge
device  pccard  # PC Card (16-bit) bus
device  cardbus  # CardBus (32-bit) bus
# Serial (COM) ports
device  sio  # 8250, 16[45]50 based serial ports
# Parallel port
device  ppc
device  ppbus  # Parallel port bus (required)
#device  lpt  # Printer
#device  plip  # TCP/IP over parallel
#device  ppi  # Parallel port interface device
#device  vpo  # Requires scbus and da
# If you've got a "dumb" serial or parallel PCI card that is
# supported by the puc(4) glue driver, uncomment the following
# line to enable it (connects to the sio and/or ppc drivers):
#device  puc
# PCI Ethernet NICs.
#device  de  # DEC/Intel DC21x4x (``Tulip'')
#device  em  # Intel PRO/1000 adapter Gigabit Ethernet Card
#device  ixgb  # Intel PRO/10GbE Ethernet Card
#device  txp  # 3Com 3cR990 (``Typhoon'')
#device  vx  # 3Com 3c590, 3c595 (``Vortex'')
# PCI Ethernet NICs that use the common MII bus controller code.
# NOTE: Be sure to keep the 'device miibus' line in order to use these NICs!
device  miibus  # MII bus support
#device  bce  # Broadcom BCM5706/BCM5708 Gigabit Ethernet
#device  bfe  # Broadcom BCM440x 10/100 Ethernet
#device  bge  # Broadcom BCM570xx Gigabit Ethernet
#device  dc  # DEC/Intel 21143 and various workalikes
device  fxp  # Intel EtherExpress PRO/100B (82557, 82558)
#device  lge  # Level 1 LXT1001 gigabit Ethernet
#device  nge  # NatSemi DP83820 gigabit Ethernet
#device  nve  # nVidia nForce MCP on-board Ethernet Networking
#device  pcn  # AMD Am79C97x PCI 10/100(precedence over 'lnc')
#device  re  # RealTek 8139C+/8169/8169S/8110S
device  rl  # RealTek 8129/8139
#device  sf  # Adaptec AIC-6915 (``Starfire'')
#device  sis  # Silicon Integrated Systems SiS 900/SiS 7016
#device  sk  # SysKonnect SK-984x & SK-982x gigabit Ethernet
#device  ste  # Sundance ST201 (D-Link DFE-550TX)
#device  stge  # Sundance/Tamarack TC9021 gigabit Ethernet
#device  ti  # Alteon Networks Tigon I/II gigabit Ethernet
#device  tl  # Texas Instruments ThunderLAN
#device  tx  # SMC EtherPower II (83c170 ``EPIC'')
#device  vge  # VIA VT612x gigabit Ethernet
#device  vr  # VIA Rhine, Rhine II
#device  wb  # Winbond W89C840F
#device  xl  # 3Com 3c90x (``Boomerang'', ``Cyclone'')
# ISA Ethernet NICs.  pccard NICs included.
#device  cs  # Crystal Semiconductor CS89x0 NIC
# 'device ed' requires 'device miibus'
#device  ed  # NE[12]000, SMC Ultra, 3c503, DS8390 cards
#device  ex  # Intel EtherExpress Pro/10 and Pro/10+
#device  ep  # Etherlink III based cards
#device  fe  # Fujitsu MB8696x based cards
#device  ie  # EtherExpress 8/16, 3C507, StarLAN 10 etc.
#device  lnc  # NE2100, NE32-VL Lance Ethernet cards
#device  sn  # SMC's 9000 series of Ethernet chips
#device  xe  # Xircom pccard Ethernet
# Wireless NIC cards
#device  wlan  # 802.11 support
#device  wlan_wep # 802.11 WEP support
#device  wlan_ccmp # 802.11 CCMP support
#device  wlan_tkip # 802.11 TKIP support
#device  an  # Aironet 4500/4800 802.11 wireless NICs.
#device  ath  # Atheros pci/cardbus NIC's
#device  ath_hal  # Atheros HAL (Hardware Access Layer)
#device  ath_rate_sample # SampleRate tx rate control for ath
#device  awi  # BayStack 660 and others
#device  ral  # Ralink Technology RT2500 wireless NICs.
#device  wi  # WaveLAN/Intersil/Symbol 802.11 wireless NICs.
#device  wl  # Older non 802.11 Wavelan wireless NIC.
# Pseudo devices.
device  loop  # Network loopback
device  random  # Entropy device
device  ether  # Ethernet support
device  sl  # Kernel SLIP
device  ppp  # Kernel PPP
device  tun  # Packet tunnel.
device  pty  # Pseudo-ttys (telnet etc)
device  md  # Memory "disks"
#device  gif  # IPv6 and IPv4 tunneling
#device  faith  # IPv6-to-IPv4 relaying (translation)
# The `bpf' device enables the Berkeley Packet Filter.
# Be aware of the administrative consequences of enabling this!
# Note that 'bpf' is required for DHCP.
device  bpf  # Berkeley packet filter
# USB support
device  uhci  # UHCI PCI->USB interface
device  ohci  # OHCI PCI->USB interface
#device  ehci  # EHCI PCI->USB interface (USB 2.0)
device  usb  # USB Bus (required)
#device  udbp  # USB Double Bulk Pipe devices
device  ugen  # Generic
device  uhid  # "Human Interface Devices"
device  ukbd  # Keyboard
#device  ulpt  # Printer
device  umass  # Disks/Mass storage - Requires scbus and da
device  ums  # Mouse
#device  ural  # Ralink Technology RT2500USB wireless NICs
#device  urio  # Diamond Rio 500 MP3 player
#device  uscanner # Scanners
# USB Ethernet, requires miibus
#device  aue  # ADMtek USB Ethernet
#device  axe  # ASIX Electronics USB Ethernet
#device  cdce  # Generic USB over Ethernet
#device  cue  # CATC USB Ethernet
#device  kue  # Kawasaki LSI USB Ethernet
#device  rue  # RealTek RTL8150 USB Ethernet
# FireWire support
device  firewire # FireWire bus code
device  sbp  # SCSI over FireWire (Requires scbus and da)
device  fwe  # Ethernet over FireWire (non-standard!)

  编译内核
    #make buildkernel KERNCONF=MYKERNEL
  安装内核
    #make installkernel KERNCONF=MYKERNEL   
   
重启即完成所有工作，然后可以按照自己需要安装一些软件。

本文来自ChinaUnix博客，如果查看原文请点：http://blog.chinaunix.net/u/3206/showart_332754.html