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# man mt
Reformatting page.  Please Wait... done
User Commands                                               mt(1)
NAME
     mt - magnetic tape control
SYNOPSIS
     mt [-f tapename] command... [count]
DESCRIPTION
     The mt utility sends commands to a magnetic tape  drive.  If
     -f  tapename is not specified, the environment variable TAPE
     is used.  If  TAPE  does  not  exist,  mt  uses  the  device
     /dev/rmt/0n.
OPTIONS
     The following option is supported:
     -f tapename
           Specifies the raw tape device.
OPERANDS
     The following operands are supported:
     count The number of times that the requested operation is to
           be  performed.  By default, mt performs  command once.
           Multiple operations of  command may  be  performed  by
           specifying count.
     command
           Available commands that can be sent to a magnetic tape
           drive.  Only  as  many  characters  as are required to
           uniquely identify a command need be specified.
     eof, weof
           Write count EOF marks at the current position  on  the
           tape.
     fsf   Forward space over count EOF marks. The tape is  posi-
           tioned on the first block of the file.
     fsr   Forward space count records.
     bsf   Back space over count EOF marks.  The  tape  is  posi-
           tioned on the beginning-of-tape side of the  EOF mark.
     bsr   Back space count records.
     nbsf  Back space count files.  The tape is positioned on the
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           first block of the file. This is equivalent to count+1
           bsf's followed by one  fsf.
     asf   Absolute  space  to   count  file  number.   This   is
           equivalent to a rewind followed by a fsf count.
SunOS 5.9           Last change: 13 Nov 1996                    1
User Commands                                               mt(1)
     If count is specified with any of  the  following  commands,
     the count is ignored and the command is performed only once.
     eom   Space to the end of recorded media on the  tape.  This
           is  useful for appending files onto previously written
           tapes.
     rewind
           Rewind the tape.
     offline, rewoffl
           Rewind the tape and, if appropriate,  take  the  drive
           unit   off-line  by  unloading  the  tape.  It  cycles
           through all four  tapes.
     status
           Print status information about the tape unit.
     retension
           Rewind the cartridge tape  completely,  then  wind  it
           forward  to the end of the reel and back to beginning-
           of-tape to smooth out tape tension.
     reserve
           Allow the tape drive to remain reserved after  closing
           the   device.   The  drive  must  then  be  explicitly
           released.
     release
           Re-establish the  default  behavior  of  releasing  at
           close.
     forcereserve
           Break the  reservation  of  the  tape  drive  held  by
           another  host  and  then  reserve the tape drive. This
           command  can  be   executed   only   with   super-user
           privileges.
     erase Erase the entire tape. Erasing a tape may take a  long
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           time depending on the device and/or tape. Refer to the
           device specific manual for time details.
EXIT STATUS
     0     All operations were successful.
     1     Command was unrecognized or mt was unable to open  the
           specified tape drive.
     2     An operation failed.
SunOS 5.9           Last change: 13 Nov 1996                    2
User Commands                                               mt(1)
FILES
     /dev/rmt/*
           magnetic tape interface
ATTRIBUTES
     See attributes(5) for descriptions of the  following  attri-
     butes:
     ____________________________________________________________
    |       ATTRIBUTE TYPE        |       ATTRIBUTE VALUE       |
    |_____________________________|_____________________________|
    | Availability                | SUNWcsu                     |
    |_____________________________|_____________________________|
SEE ALSO
     tar(1),  tcopy(1),  ar(3HEAD),  environ(4),   attributes(5),
     mtio( 7I), st(7D)
BUGS
     Not all  devices  support  all  options.  Some  options  are
     hardware-dependent. Refer to the corresponding device manual
     page.
     mt is architecture sensitive. Heterogeneous operation  (that
     is, SPARC to x86 or the reverse) is not supported.
SunOS 5.9           Last change: 13 Nov 1996                    3
# man ufsdump
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System Administration Commands                        ufsdump(1M)
NAME
     ufsdump - incremental file system dump
SYNOPSIS
     /usr/sbin/ufsdump [options] [arguments] files_to_dump
DESCRIPTION
     ufsdump backs up all files specified by files_to_dump  (nor-
     mally either a whole file system or files within a file sys-
     tem  changed  after  a  certain  date)  to  magnetic   tape,
     diskette, or disk file.  When running ufsdump, the file sys-
     tem must be inactive; otherwise, the output of  ufsdump  may
     be  inconsistent and restoring files correctly may be impos-
     sible. A file system is inactive when it is unmounted or the
     system  is  in  single user mode.  A file system is not con-
     sidered inactive if one tree of the file system is quiescent
     while another tree has files or directories being modified.
     options is a single string of one-letter ufsdump options.
     arguments may be multiple strings whose association with the
     options  is determined by order. That is, the first argument
     goes with the first option  that   takes  an  argument;  the
     second  argument  goes  with the second option that takes an
     argument, and so on.
     files_to_dump is required and must be the last  argument  on
     the command line. See OPERANDS for more information.
     With most devices  ufsdump  can  automatically   detect  the
     end-of-media. Consequently, the d, s, and t options are  not
     necessary for multi-volume dumps, unless  ufsdump  does  not
     understand  the  way the device detects the end-of-media, or
     the files are to be restored on a system with an older  ver-
     sion of the restore command.
OPTIONS
     The following options are supported:
     0-9   The "dump level." All files specified by files_to_dump
           that  have  been  modified since the last ufsdump at a
           lower dump level are copied to the dump_file  destina-
           tion  (normally a magnetic tape device). For instance,
           if a  "level  2" dump was done on Monday, followed  by
           a  "level  4" dump on Tuesday, a subsequent "level  3"
           dump on Wednesday would contain all files modified  or
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           added  since  the "level  2" (Monday) backup. A "level
           0"  dump  copies  the  entire  file  system   to   the
           dump_file.
     a archive_file
           Archive file. Archive a dump table-of-contents in  the
SunOS 5.9           Last change: 15 Aug 2000                    1
System Administration Commands                        ufsdump(1M)
           specified  archive_file  to be used by  ufsrestore(1M)
           to determine whether a file is in the dump  file  that
           is being  restored.
     b factor
           Blocking factor. Specify the blocking factor for  tape
           writes.  The  default is 20 blocks per write for tapes
           of density less  than  6250BPI  (bytes-per-inch).  The
           default  blocking  factor for tapes of density 6250BPI
           and greater is 64. The  default  blocking  factor  for
           cartridge  tapes (c option) is 126. The highest block-
           ing factor available with most  tape  drives  is  126.
           Note:  the  blocking  factor  is specified in terms of
           512-byte blocks, for compatibility with tar(1).
     c     Cartridge. Set the defaults for cartridge  instead  of
           the  standard half-inch reel. This sets the density to
           1000BPI and the blocking factor to 126. Since  ufsdump
           can  automatically  detect  the end-of-media, only the
           blocking parameter normally has an effect.  When  car-
           tridge  tapes are used, and this option is  not speci-
           fied, ufsdump will slightly miscompute the size of the
           tape.  If  the b, d, s or t options are specified with
           this option, their values will override  the  defaults
           set by this option.
     d bpi Tape density. Not normally required,  as  ufsdump  can
           detect  end-of-media.  This  parameter  can be used to
           keep a running tab on the  amount  of  tape  used  per
           reel.  The default density is 6250BPI except  when the
           c option is used for cartridge tape, in which case  it
           is assumed to be 1000BPI per track. Typical values for
           tape devices are:
           1/2 inch tape
                 6250 BPI
           1/4 inch  cartridge
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                 1000 BPI The tape densities  and  other  options
                 are documented in the st(7D) man page.
     D     Diskette. Dump to diskette.
     f dump_file
           Dump file.  Use dump_file as  the  file  to  dump  to,
           instead of /dev/rmt/0. If dump_file is specified as -,
           dump to standard output.
           If the name of the file is of the form machine:device,
           the  dump  is done from the specified machine over the
           network using rmt(1M).  Since ufsdump is normally  run
SunOS 5.9           Last change: 15 Aug 2000                    2
System Administration Commands                        ufsdump(1M)
           by  root, the name of the local machine must appear in
           the /.rhosts file of the remote machine. If  the  file
           is  specified  as  user@machine:device,  ufsdump  will
           attempt to execute as the specified user on the remote
           machine.  The  specified user must have a .rhosts file
           on the remote machine that allows  the  user  invoking
           the  command  from  the  local  machine  to access the
           remote machine.
     l     Autoload. When the end-of-tape is reached  before  the
           dump  is  complete, take the drive offline and wait up
           to two minutes for the tape drive to be  ready  again.
           This  gives  autoloading  (stackloader)  tape drives a
           chance to load a new  tape.  If  the  drive  is  ready
           within two minutes, continue. If it is not, prompt for
           another tape and wait.
     L string
           Sets the tape label to string, instead of the  default
           none.   string  may be no more than sixteen characters
           long.  If it is longer, it is truncated and a  warning
           printed;  the  dump will still be done. The tape label
           is specific to the ufsdump tape format, and  bears  no
           resemblance to IBM or ANSI-standard tape labels.
     n     Notify all operators in the  sys  group  that  ufsdump
           requires attention by sending messages to their termi-
           nals,  in  a  manner  similar  to  that  used  by  the
           wall(1M)  command.  Otherwise,  such messages are sent
           only to the terminals  (such as the console) on  which
           the user running  ufsdump is logged in.
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     N device_name
           Use  device_name   when   recording   information   in
           /etc/dumpdates  (see  the u option) and when comparing
           against information in /etc/dumpdates for  incremental
           dumps.  The  device_name provided can contain no white
           space as defined in scanf(3C) and is case-sensitive.
     o     Offline. Take the drive offline when the dump is  com-
           plete  or  the  end-of-media is reached and rewind the
           tape, or eject the diskette. In the case of some auto-
           loading 8mm drives, the tape is removed from the drive
           automatically.  This prevents  another  process  which
           rushes   in  to  use  the  drive,  from  inadvertently
           overwriting the media.
     s size
           Specify the size of the volume being  dumped  to.  Not
           normally required, as ufsdump can detect end-of-media.
           When the specified size is reached, ufsdump waits  for
           you  to  change  the  volume.  ufsdump  interprets the
SunOS 5.9           Last change: 15 Aug 2000                    3
System Administration Commands                        ufsdump(1M)
           specified size as the length in  feet  for  tapes  and
           cartridges, and  as the number of 1024-byte blocks for
           diskettes. The values should be a little smaller  than
           the  actual  physical  size of the media (for example,
           425 for a 450-foot cartridge). Typical values for tape
           devices depend on the c option, for cartridge devices,
           and the D option for diskettes:
           1/2 inch tape
                 2300 feet
           60-Mbyte 1/4 inch cartridge
                 425 feet
           150-Mbyte 1/4 inch cartridge
                 700 feet
           diskette
                 1422  blocks  (Corresponds   to   a   1.44-Mbyte
                 diskette,  with  one  cylinder  reserved for bad
                 block information.)
     S     Size estimate. Determine the amount of space  that  is
--More--(47%)
           needed  to perform the dump without actually doing it,
           and display the estimated  number  of  bytes  it  will
           take.  This is useful with incremental dumps to deter-
           mine how many volumes of media will be needed.
     t tracks
           Specify the number of tracks for a cartridge tape. Not
           normally required, as ufsdump can detect end-of-media.
           The default is 9 tracks. The t option  is not compati-
           ble  with  the D option. Values for Sun-supported tape
           devices are:
           60-Mbyte 1/4 inch cartridge
                 9 tracks
           150-Mbyte 1/4 inch cartridge
                 18 tracks
     T time_wait[hms]
            Sets the amount of time to wait for an autoload  com-
           mand  to complete. This option is ignored unless the l
           option has  also  been  specified.  The  default  time
           period  to  wait  is  two minutes.  Specify time units
           with a trailing h ( for hours), m (for minutes), or  s
           (for seconds).  The default unit is minutes.
     u     Update the dump record.  Add  an  entry  to  the  file
SunOS 5.9           Last change: 15 Aug 2000                    4
System Administration Commands                        ufsdump(1M)
           /etc/dumpdates,  for  each  file  system  successfully
           dumped  that  includes  the  file  system   name   (or
           device_name as specified with the N option), date, and
           dump level.
     v     Verify. After each tape or diskette is written, verify
           the contents of the media against the source file sys-
           tem. If any discrepancies occur, prompt for new media,
           then  repeat  the  dump/verification process. The file
           system must be unmounted. This option cannot  be  used
           to verify a dump to standard output.
     w     Warning. List the file  systems  that  have  not  been
           backed  up  within  a day. This information is gleaned
           from the files /etc/dumpdates  and  /etc/vfstab.  When
           the  w  option is used, all other options are ignored.
           After reporting, ufsdump exits immediately.
--More--(58%)

     W     Warning with  highlight.  Similar  to  the  w  option,
           except  that  the  W  option includes all file systems
           that appear in /etc/dumpdates, along with  information
           about  their  most  recent dump dates and levels. File
           systems that have not been backed up within a day  are
           highlighted.
OPERANDS
     The following operand is supported:
     files_to_dump
           Specifies the files to dump. Usually it  identifies  a
           whole file system by its raw device name (for example,
           /dev/rdsk/c0t3d0s6). Incremental dumps (levels 1 to 9)
           of files changed after a certain date only apply  to a
           whole file system.  Alternatively,  files_to_dump  can
           identify  individual  files or directories.  All named
           directories that may be examined by the  user  running
           ufsdump,  as  well  as any explicitly-named files, are
           dumped. This dump is equivalent to a level 0  dump  of
           the  indicated portions of the filesystem, except that
           /etc/dumpdates is not updated even if  the  -u  option
           has  been  specified.  In all cases, the files must be
           contained in the same file system, and the file system
           must  be  local  to  the system where ufsdump is being
           run.
           files_to_dump is required and must be the  last  argu-
           ment on the command line.
     If no options are  given,  the  default  is  9uf  /dev/rmt/0
     files_to_dump.
SunOS 5.9           Last change: 15 Aug 2000                    5
System Administration Commands                        ufsdump(1M)
USAGE
     See largefile(5) for the description of the behavior of ufs-
     dump  when  encountering  files  greater  than or equal to 2
     Gbyte ( 2**31 bytes).
EXAMPLES
     Example 1: A sample display of the ufsdump command.
     To make a full dump of a root file system on  c0t3d0,  on  a
     150-MByte cartridge tape unit  0, use:
--More--(69%)
     example# ufsdump 0cfu /dev/rmt/0 /dev/rdsk/c0t3d0s0
     To make and verify an incremental dump at level   5  of  the
     usr  partition of  c0t3d0, on a 1/2 inch reel tape  unit  1,
     use:
     example# ufsdump 5fuv /dev/rmt/1 /dev/rdsk/c0t3d0s6
EXIT STATUS
     While running, ufsdump emits many verbose messages.  ufsdump
     returns the following exit values:
     0     Normal exit.
     1     Startup errors encountered.
     3     Abort - no checkpoint attempted.
FILES
     /dev/rmt/0
           default unit to dump to
     /etc/dumpdates
           dump date record
     /etc/group
           to find group sys
     /etc/hosts
           to gain access to remote system with drive
     /etc/vfstab
           list of file systems
ATTRIBUTES
     See attributes(5) for descriptions of the  following  attri-
     butes:
SunOS 5.9           Last change: 15 Aug 2000                    6
System Administration Commands                        ufsdump(1M)
     ____________________________________________________________
    |       ATTRIBUTE TYPE        |       ATTRIBUTE VALUE       |
    |_____________________________|_____________________________|
    | Availability                | SUNWcsu                     |
    |_____________________________|_____________________________|
SEE ALSO
--More--(76%)
     cpio(1), tar(1), dd(1M),  devnm(1M),  prtvtoc(1M),  rmt(1M),
     shutdown(1M),    ufsrestore(1M),    volcopy(1M),   wall(1M),
     scanf(3C), attributes(5), largefile(5), st(7D)
NOTES
  Read Errors
     Fewer than 32 read errors on the file system are ignored.
  Process Per Reel
     Because each reel requires a new process,  parent  processes
     for  reels  that  are  already written hang around until the
     entire tape is written.
  Operator Intervention
     ufsdump requires operator intervention on these  conditions:
     end  of volume, end of dump, volume write error, volume open
     error or disk read error (if there are more than a threshold
     of 32). In addition to alerting all operators implied by the
     n option, ufsdump interacts with the operator  on  ufsdump's
     control  terminal  at  times  when  ufsdump  can  no  longer
     proceed, or if something is  grossly  wrong.  All  questions
     ufsdump  poses  must  be  answered  by  typing yes or no, as
     appropriate.
     Since backing up a disk  can  involve  a  lot  of  time  and
     effort,  ufsdump checkpoints at the start of each volume. If
     writing that volume fails for  some  reason,  ufsdump  will,
     with operator permission, restart itself from the checkpoint
     after a defective volume has been replaced.
  Suggested Dump Schedule
     It is vital to perform full, "level  0",  dumps  at  regular
     intervals.  When  performing  a full dump, bring the machine
     down to single-user mode using shutdown(1M).  While  prepar-
     ing  for  a  full  dump, it is a good idea to clean the tape
     drive and heads. Incremental dumps should be performed  with
     the system running in single-user mode.
     Incremental dumps allow for convenient backup  and  recovery
     of  active files on a more frequent basis, with a minimum of
     media and time. However, there are  some  tradeoffs.  First,
     the  interval  between  backups  should be kept to a minimum
     (once a day at least). To  guard  against  data  loss  as  a
     result of a media failure (a rare, but possible occurrence),
SunOS 5.9           Last change: 15 Aug 2000                    7
System Administration Commands                        ufsdump(1M)
--More--(87%)
     capture active files on (at least) two sets of dump volumes.
     Another  consideration  is  the  desire  to keep unnecessary
     duplication of files to a minimum to save both operator time
     and  media  storage.  A third consideration is the ease with
     which a particular  backed-up  version  of  a  file  can  be
     located  and  restored.  The  following  four-week  schedule
     offers a reasonable tradeoff between these goals.
                        Sun    Mon    Tue    Wed    Thu    Fri
              Week 1:   Full    5      5      5      5      3
              Week 2:           5      5      5      5      3
              Week 3:           5      5      5      5      3
              Week 4:           5      5      5      5      3
     Although the Tuesday  through  Friday  incrementals  contain
     "extra  copies"  of  files  from Monday, this scheme assures
     that any file modified during the week can be recovered from
     the previous day's incremental dump.
  Process Priority of ufsdump
     ufsdump uses multiple processes to allow it to read from the
     disk  and write to the media concurrently. Due to the way it
     synchronizes between these processes,  any  attempt  to  run
     dump  with  a nice (process priority) of `-5' or better will
     likely make ufsdump run slower instead of faster.
  Overlapping Partitions
     Most disks contain one or more  overlapping  slices  because
     slice  2  covers  the  entire disk.  The other slices are of
     various sizes and usually do not  overlap.  For  example,  a
     common  configuration  places root on slice 0, swap on slice
     1, /opt on slice 5 and /usr on slice 6.
     It should be emphasized that ufsdump dumps one ufs file sys-
     tem  at  a  time. Given the above scenario where slice 0 and
     slice 2 have the same starting offset, executing ufsdump  on
     slice  2  with  the  intent of dumping the entire disk would
     instead dump only  the root file system on slice 0.  To dump
     the entire disk, the user must dump the file systems on each
     slice separately.
BUGS
     The /etc/vfstab file does not allow the desired frequency of
     backup for file systems to be specified (as /etc/fstab did).
     Consequently, the w and W options assume file systems should
     be  backed  up  daily,  which limits the usefulness of these
     options.
SunOS 5.9           Last change: 15 Aug 2000                    8
--More--(99%)

# man ufsrestore
Reformatting page.  Please Wait... done
System Administration Commands                     ufsrestore(1M)
NAME
     ufsrestore - incremental file system restore
SYNOPSIS
     /usr/sbin/ufsrestore i | r | R |  t  |  x  [abcdfhlmostvyLT]
     [archive_file]  [factor]  [dumpfile] [n] [label] [timeout] [
     filename...]
DESCRIPTION
     The ufsrestore utility  restores  files  from  backup  media
     created  with the ufsdump command. ufsrestores's actions are
     controlled by the key argument. The key is exactly one func-
     tion  letter  (i,  r, R , t, or x) and zero or more function
     modifiers (letters). The key string contains no SPACE  char-
     acters.  Function  modifier arguments are listed on the com-
     mand line in the same order as their corresponding  function
     modifiers appear in the key string.
     filename arguments which appear on the command line,  or  as
     arguments  to  an  interactive command, are treated as shell
     glob patterns by the x and t functions; any files or  direc-
     tories  matching the patterns are selected.  The metacharac-
     ters *, ?, and [ ] must be protected from the shell if  they
     appear  on  the command line. There is no way to quote these
     metacharacters to explicitly match them in a filename.
     The temporary files rstdir* and rstmode* are placed in  /tmp
     by  default.  If  the environment variable TMPDIR is defined
     with a non-empty value, that location  is  used  instead  of
     /tmp.
OPTIONS
  Function Letters
     You must specify one (and only one) of the function  letters
     listed  below. Note that i, x, and r are intended to restore
     files into an empty directory. The R  function  is  intended
     for restoring into a populated directory.
     i     Interactive. After reading in the  directory  informa-
           tion  from  the media, ufsrestore invokes a shell-like
           interface that allows you to browse through  the  dump
           file's directory hierarchy and select individual files
           to be extracted. Restoration has the same semantics as
           x  (see below). See Interactive Commands, below, for a
           description of available commands.
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     r     Recursive. Starting with  an  empty  directory  and  a
           level  0 dump, the r function recreates the filesystem
           relative to the current working directory, exactly  as
           it  appeared  when the dump was made. Information used
           to restore incremental dumps on top of the  full  dump
           (for   example,  restoresymtable)  is  also  included.
SunOS 5.9           Last change: 24 Sep 2002                    1
System Administration Commands                     ufsrestore(1M)
           Several ufsrestore runs  are  typical,  one  for  each
           higher  level of dump (0, 1, ..., 9).  Files that were
           deleted between the level 0 and a subsequent incremen-
           tal  dump  will  not exist after the final restore. To
           completely restore a file system, use the  r  function
           restore the level 0 dump, and again for each incremen-
           tal dump. Although  this function letter  is  intended
           for  a  complete  restore  onto a new file system (one
           just created with newfs(1M)), if the file  system con-
           tains   files  not  on  the  backup  media,  they  are
           preserved.
     R     Resume restoring. If an r-mode ufsrestore  was  inter-
           rupted,  this  function  prompts  for  the volume from
           which to resume restoring and continues  the  restora-
           tion  from where it was left off.  Otherwise identical
           to r.
     t     Table of contents. List each filename that appears  on
           the  media. If no filename argument is given, the root
           directory is listed. This results in  a  list  of  all
           files  on the media, unless the h function modifier is
           in effect. The table of contents  is  taken  from  the
           media  or  from the specified archive file, when the a
           function modifier is used. The a function modifier  is
           mutually exclusive with the x and r function letters.
     x     Extract the named files  from  the  media.  Files  are
           restored  to the same relative locations that they had
           in the original file system.
           If the filename argument  matches  a  directory  whose
           contents were written onto the media, and the h modif-
           ier is not in effect,  the  directory  is  recursively
           extracted, relative to the current directory, which is
           expected to be empty. For each file, the owner, modif-
           ication time, and mode are restored (if possible).
--More--(22%)
           If you omit the filename argument or  specify  .,  the
           root  directory  is  extracted.  This  results  in the
           entire tape being extracted, unless the h modifier  is
           in  effect.  . With the x function, existing files are
           overwritten and ufsrestore displays the names  of  the
           overwritten  files.  Overwriting  a  currently-running
           executable can have unfortunate consequences.
           Use the x option to restore partial file system dumps,
           as they are (by definition) not entire file systems.
  Function Modifiers
     a archive_file
           Read the table of contents from  archive_file  instead
SunOS 5.9           Last change: 24 Sep 2002                    2
System Administration Commands                     ufsrestore(1M)
           of  the  media.  This function modifier can be used in
           combination with the t, i, or x function letters, mak-
           ing  it  possible  to  check  whether files are on the
           media without having to mount  the  media.  When  used
           with  the  x  and interactive (i) function letters, it
           prompts for the volume containing the  file(s)  before
           extracting them.
     b factor
           Blocking factor. Specify the blocking factor for  tape
           reads.  For  variable length SCSI tape devices, unless
           the data was written with the default blocking factor,
           a  blocking  factor  at least as great as that used to
           write the tape must be used; otherwise, an error  will
           be  generated.  Note  that  a tape block is 512 bytes.
           Refer to the man page for your  specific  tape  driver
           for the maximum blocking factor.
     c     Convert the contents of the media in 4.1BSD format  to
           the new ufs file system format.
     d     Debug. Turn on debugging output.
     f dump_file
           Use dump_file instead of /dev/rmt/0  as  the  file  to
           restore  from. Typically dump_file specifies a tape or
           diskette drive. If  dump_file  is  specified  as  `-',
           ufsrestore  reads from the standard input. This allows
           ufsdump(1M) and ufsrestore to be used in a pipeline to
           copy a file system:
--More--(33%)

           example# ufsdump 0f - /dev/rdsk/c0t0d0s7 \
            | (cd /home;ufsrestore xf -)
           If the name of the file is of the form machine:device,
           the  restore  is  done from the specified machine over
           the network using rmt(1M). Since  ufsrestore  is  nor-
           mally  run by root, the name of the local machine must
           appear in the /.rhosts file of the remote machine.  If
           the  file  is specified as user@machine:device, ufsre-
           store will attempt to execute as the specified user on
           the  remote  machine.  The  specified user must have a
           .rhosts file on the remote  machine  that  allows  the
           user  invoking  the  command from the local machine to
           access the remote machine.
     h     Extract or list the actual directory, rather than  the
           files  that  it references. This prevents hierarchical
           restoration of complete subtrees from the tape.
SunOS 5.9           Last change: 24 Sep 2002                    3
System Administration Commands                     ufsrestore(1M)
     l     Autoload. When the end-of-tape is reached  before  the
           restore  is complete, take the drive off-line and wait
           up to two minutes (the default,  see  the  T  function
           modifier)  for  the tape drive to be ready again. This
           gives autoloading (stackloader) tape drives  a  chance
           to  load  a new tape. If the drive is ready within two
           minutes, continue. If it is not,  prompt  for  another
           tape and wait.
     L label
           The label that should appear in the header of the dump
           file.  If the labels do not match, ufsrestore issues a
           diagnostic and exits. The tape label  is  specific  to
           the  ufsdump  tape format, and bears no resemblance to
           IBM or ANSI-standard tape labels.
     m     Extract by inode numbers rather than  by  filename  to
           avoid  regenerating  complete pathnames. Regardless of
           where the files are located  in  the  dump  hierarchy,
           they  are  restored  into  the  current  directory and
           renamed with their inode number.  This  is  useful  if
           only a few files are being extracted.
     o     Offline. Take the drive off-line when the  restore  is
           complete or the end-of-media is reached and rewind the
--More--(44%)
           tape, or eject the diskette. In the case of some auto-
           loading 8mm drives, the tape is removed from the drive
           automatically.
     s n   Skip to the n'th file when  there  are  multiple  dump
           files on the same tape. For example, the command:
           example# ufsrestore xfs /dev/rmt/0hn 5
           would position you to the fifth file on the tape  when
           reading  volume  1 of the dump. If a dump extends over
           more than one volume, all volumes except the first are
           assumed  to  start at position 0, no matter what "s n"
           value is specified.
           If "s n" is specified, the backup media must be at BOT
           (beginning  of tape). Otherwise, the initial position-
           ing to read the table of contents will fail, as it  is
           performed  by  skipping  the  tape  forward  n-1 files
           rather than by using  absolute  positioning.  This  is
           because  on  some devices absolute positioning is very
           time consuming.
     T timeout [hms]
SunOS 5.9           Last change: 24 Sep 2002                    4
System Administration Commands                     ufsrestore(1M)
           Sets the amount of time to wait for an  autoload  com-
           mand  to  complete.  This function modifier is ignored
           unless the l function modifier has  also  been  speci-
           fied.  The  default timeout period is two minutes. The
           time units may be specified as a trailing h (hours), m
           (minutes),   or  s  (seconds).  The  default  unit  is
           minutes.
     v     Verbose. ufsrestore displays the name and inode number
           of each file it restores, preceded by its file type.
     y     Do not ask whether to abort the restore in  the  event
           of  tape errors. ufsrestore tries to skip over the bad
           tape block(s) and continue as best it can.
  Interactive Commands
     ufsrestore enters interactive mode when invoked with  the  i
     function  letters.  Interactive  commands are reminiscent of
     the shell. For those commands that accept an  argument,  the
     default  is  the  current directory. The interactive options
--More--(54%)
     are:
     add [filename]
           Add the named file or directory to the list  of  files
           to  extract.  If  a  directory  is specified, add that
           directory and its files (recursively) to  the  extrac-
           tion list (unless the h modifier is in effect).
     cd directory
           Change to directory (within the dump file).
     delete [filename]
           Delete the current directory, or  the  named  file  or
           directory  from  the  list  of  files to extract. If a
           directory is specified, delete that directory and  all
           its descendents from the extraction list (unless the h
           modifier is in effect).  The  most  expedient  way  to
           extract a majority of files from a directory is to add
           that directory to the extraction list, and then delete
           specific files to omit.
     extract
           Extract all files on the extraction list from the dump
           media. ufsrestore asks which volume the user wishes to
           mount. The fastest way to extract a  small  number  of
           files is to start with the last volume and work toward
           the first. If "s n" is  given  on  the  command  line,
           volume  1  will  automatically be positioned to file n
           when it is read.
     help  Display a summary of the available commands.
SunOS 5.9           Last change: 24 Sep 2002                    5
System Administration Commands                     ufsrestore(1M)
     ls [directory]
           List files in  directory  or  the  current  directory,
           represented   by   a  `.'  (period).  Directories  are
           appended  with  a  `/'  (slash).  Entries  marked  for
           extraction  are prefixed with a `*' (asterisk). If the
           verbose option is in effect, inode  numbers  are  also
           listed.
     marked [directory]
           Like ls, except only files marked for  extraction  are
           listed.
     pager Toggle the pagination of the output from  the  ls  and
--More--(64%)
           marked commands. The pager used is that defined by the
           PAGER environment variable, or more(1) if  that  envar
           is  not  defined.  The  PAGER envar may include white-
           space-separated arguments for the pagination program.
     pwd   Print the full pathname of the current working  direc-
           tory.
     quit  ufsrestore exits immediately, even if  the  extraction
           list is not empty.
     setmodes
           Prompts: set owner/mode for `.' (period). Type  y  for
           yes to set the mode (permissions, owner, times) of the
           current directory `.' (period) into  which  files  are
           being restored equal to the mode of the root directory
           of the file system from which they were  dumped.  Nor-
           mally,  this  is  what you want when restoring a whole
           file system, or restoring individual  files  into  the
           same locations from which they were dumped. Type n for
           no,  to  leave  the  mode  of  the  current  directory
           unchanged.  Normally,  this is what you want when res-
           toring part of a dump to a directory  other  than  the
           one from which the files were dumped.
     setpager command
           Sets the command to use for paginating output  instead
           of the default or that inherited from the environment.
           The command string may include arguments  in  addition
           to the command itself.
     verbose
           Toggle the status of the v modifier.  While  v  is  in
           effect,  the ls command lists the inode numbers of all
           entries, and  ufsrestore  displays  information  about
           each file as it is extracted.
     what  Display the dump header on the media.
SunOS 5.9           Last change: 24 Sep 2002                    6
System Administration Commands                     ufsrestore(1M)
OPERANDS
     The following operands are supported.
     filename
           Specifies the pathname of files (or directories) to be
           restored  to  disk.  Unless the h function modifier is
--More--(74%)
           also used, a directory name refers  to  the  files  it
           contains, and (recursively) its subdirectories and the
           files they contain. filename is associated with either
           the x or t function letters, and must come last.
USAGE
     See largefile(5) for the  description  of  the  behavior  of
     ufsrestore  when encountering files greater than or equal to
     2 Gbyte ( 2**31 bytes).
EXIT STATUS
     The following exit values are returned:
     0     Successful completion.
     1     An error occurred. Verbose messages are displayed.
ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
     PAGER The command to use as a filter for paginating  output.
           This  can  also  be  used to specify the options to be
           used. Default is more(1).
     TMPDIR
           Selects the directory for temporary files. Defaults to
           /tmp if not defined in the environment.
FILES
     /dev/rmt/0
           the default tape drive
     $TMPDIR/rstdir*
           file containing directories on the tape
     $TMPDIR/rstmode*
           owner, mode, and timestamps for directories
     ./restoresymtable
           information passed between incremental restores
ATTRIBUTES
     See attributes(5) for descriptions of the  following  attri-
     butes:
SunOS 5.9           Last change: 24 Sep 2002                    7
System Administration Commands                     ufsrestore(1M)
     ____________________________________________________________
    |       ATTRIBUTE TYPE        |       ATTRIBUTE VALUE       |
--More--(81%)
    |_____________________________|_____________________________|
    | Availability                | SUNWcsu                     |
    |_____________________________|_____________________________|
SEE ALSO
     more(1), mkfs(1M), mount(1M), rmt(1M),  ufsdump(1M),  attri-
     butes(5), largefile(5)
DIAGNOSTICS
     ufsrestore complains about bad option characters.
     Read errors result in complaints. If y has  been  specified,
     or the user responds y, ufsrestore will attempt to continue.
     If the dump extends over more than one tape, ufsrestore asks
     the  user to change tapes. If the x or i function letter has
     been specified, ufsrestore also asks which volume  the  user
     wishes  to  mount. If the s modifier has been specified, and
     volume 1 is mounted, it is automatically positioned  to  the
     indicated file.
     There are numerous consistency checks that can be listed  by
     ufsrestore.  Most  checks are self-explanatory or can "never
     happen". Common errors are given below.
     Converting to new file system format
           A dump tape created from the old file system has  been
           loaded.  It is automatically converted to the new file
           system format.
     filename: not found on tape
           The specified file name was listed in the tape  direc-
           tory, but was not found on the tape. This is caused by
           tape read errors while looking for the file,  using  a
           dump tape created on an active file system, or restor-
           ing a partial dump with the r function.
     expected next file inumber, got inumber
           A file that was not listed in the directory showed up.
           This  can  occur  when using a dump tape created on an
           active file system.
     Incremental tape too low
           When doing an incremental restore,  a  tape  that  was
           written  before the previous incremental tape, or that
           has too low an incremental level has been loaded.
     Incremental tape too high
           When doing incremental restore, a tape that  does  not
--More--(91%)

SunOS 5.9           Last change: 24 Sep 2002                    8
System Administration Commands                     ufsrestore(1M)
           begin its coverage where the previous incremental tape
           left off, or one that  has  too  high  an  incremental
           level has been loaded.
     media read error: invalid argument
           Blocking factor specified for read is smaller than the
           blocking factor used to write data.
     Tape read error while restoring
     Tape read error while skipping over inode inumber
     Tape read error while trying to resynchronize
     A tape read error has occurred
           If a file name is specified,  then  its  contents  are
           probably partially wrong. If an inode is being skipped
           or the  tape  is  trying  to  resynchronize,  then  no
           extracted  files have been corrupted, though files may
           not be found on the tape.
     resync ufsrestore, skipped num
           After a tape read error, ufsrestore may have to resyn-
           chronize  itself.  This  message  lists  the number of
           blocks that were skipped over.
     Incorrect tape label. Expected `foo', got `bar'.
           The L option was specified,  and  its  value  did  not
           match  what  was  recorded  in  the header of the dump
           file.
NOTES
     ufsrestore can get confused when doing incremental  restores
     from dump tapes that were made on active file systems.
     A  level 0 dump must be done after a full  restore.  Because
     ufsrestore   runs in user mode, it has no control over inode
     allocation.  This  means  that  ufsrestore  repositions  the
     files,  although  it does not change their contents. Thus, a
     full dump must be done to  get  a  new  set  of  directories
     reflecting the new file positions, so that later incremental
     dumps will be correct.
SunOS 5.9           Last change: 24 Sep 2002                    9
--More--(99%)

# exit
script done on Tue 30 May 2006 06:16:59 PM CST


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