Solaris 9 Sun 系统管理员认证学习指南 第1章: Solaris 9 简介 及习题解答

oychw

               
第1章:  Solaris 9 简介
本书旨在让你通过成为Sun
Certified System Administrator (SCSA) on Solaris 9 的2项考试.
本章对Solaris 家族首先这个操作环境的历史做简单介绍,而且引入一些重要的系统概念.

Solaris 历史简介
       Solaris基于UNIX. UNIX开发于1969并于1975普及,至今在大学喝政府研究机构里仍广泛适用. 1975 UNIX用C重写,适用于众多的硬件平台.相比于之前的低级的,汇编语言的操作系统,UNIX因为移植性和可维护型比较好,很受欢迎,尽管有了30多年,仍然有可观的使用率,并在继续进化.
       原来的Sun 操作系统发布于1983, 名叫SunOS,基于BSD{
Berkeley Software Distribution (BSD)
},1991年Sun一次捆绑OpenWindows后, SunOS version 4.1.2 改名为Solaris 1.0 现在常用的Solaris版本为the second generation of Solaris
(Solaris 2),它基于
System V Release 4 (SVR4)
, 发布于1992年. Solaris 9是它的一个子版本,也称作,SunOS 5.9. 它之前的版本有: 2.5.1, 2.6, 7, 8, 后面Sun采用小版本号命名. Solaris 2.6 其实并不遥远.
       Scalable
Processor Architecture (SPARC)于1986开发引入Sun微系统.

       Solaris
7 发布于1998, 主要特性如下:
For the SPARC platform, 64-bit computing
supported
UNIX File System (UFS) logging added
Lightweight Directory Access Protocol
(LDAP) included
Remote Procedure Call (RPC) security
enhanced
Domain Name Service (DNS) Berkeley Internet Name
Domain (BIND) upgraded to version 8.1.2
Common Desktop Environment (CDE) version
1.3 introduced
Netscape Communicator included
Improved access to AnswerBook2
       Solaris 8发布于2000, 主要特性如下:
Support for Internet Protocol version 6
(IPv6), the next-generation Internet protocol
Role-based access control (RBAC)
Graphical Dynamic Host Configuration
Protocol (DHCP) manager
Product Registry
Support for the Universal Disk Format
(UDF) file system
Improved device configuration, through
the devfsadm command
Smart Card support, based on the Open
Card Framework (OCF) 1.1 standard
SunScreen

Solaris 9主要特性如下:
Solaris 9 Resource Manager
Integrated iPlanet Directory Server
Internet Protocol Security (IPsec)
Solaris Volume Manager
Patch Manager
Enhanced installation features
Integrated Secure Shell (SSH)
Enhanced CD features
GNOME 2.0 desktop

重要的系统概念
Shells
       三种最常用的shell: the Bourne shell (sh), the C shell (csh), and the
Korn shell (ksh).其中Bourne shell是默认的. Windows Explorer 是图形的shell,但是
Common Desktop Environment (CDE)
不是shell

文件系统:
·        
UNIX File System (UFS) for
local hard disks
·        
High Sierra File System (HSFS)
for CD-ROMs
·        
Universal Disk Format (UDF) for
optical media, such as DVDs
·        
Personal Computer File System
(PCFS) for floppy disks
·        
Network File System (NFS) for
networked volumes
获取帮助

  
   
   Table 1.1: man Command
   Arguments
   
  
  
   
   Argument
   
   
   Function
   
  


  
  -a
  
  
  Shows all manual pages matching name within the search path and displays
  them in order found
  


  
  -f file
  
  
  Attempts to locate manual pages related to the specified files
  


  
  -k keyword
  
  
  Prints one-line summaries from the table of contents that contain any of
  the given keywords
  


  
  -l
  
  
  Lists all manual pages found within the search path
  


  
  -s section
  
  
  Specifies which section number of the reference manual to search
  



  
   
   Table 1.2: Reference Manual
   Sections
   
  
  
   
   Section
   
   
   Description
   
  


  
  1
  
  
  User commands
  


  
  1M
  
  
  System administration commands
  


  
  2
  
  
  System calls
  


  
  3
  
  
  Programming library functions
  


  
  4
  
  
  File formats
  


  
  5
  
  
  Standards, environments, and macros
  


  
  6
  
  
  Demos and games
  


  
  7
  
  
  Device and network interfaces
  


  
  9
  
  
  Device Driver Interface (DDI) and Driver/Kernel Interface (DKI)
  specifications
  


网址:
docs.sun.com
newsgroups   comp.unix.solaris
本地的AnswerBook2

习题
1.  
You
are the manager of the in-house Solaris 9 computers for your company. One of
your developers is creating a new program to be deployed on one of your servers
and is asking about library functions. Which section of the Solaris 9 Reference
Manual should you refer her to?

Section 1

Section 3

Section 4

Section 8
  

2.  
You
are the systems administrator for your company. You were just told to set up
five Solaris 9 workstations for new employees. As you are installing Solaris 9,
one of the employees asks which file system will be installed on the hard
drives. What is your answer?

UFS

UDF

HSFS

Solaris 9 does not use file systems.
  

3.  
You
are installing a new Solaris 9 workstation for an employee. During the
installation, the employee, who is somewhat familiar with UNIX, asks what the default
shell for Solaris 9 is. What do you tell him?

Korn

Bourne

C

Bash
  

4.  
You
are running five applications at once on your Solaris 9 computer. Which part of
the operating system is responsible for scheduling and managing all your
running applications?

Shell

Daemon

Process Manager

Kernel
  

5.  
One
of your Solaris users calls, wondering how to change his password. You tell him
to use the passwd command. He's not sure how to use it and wants additional
information. You tell him to type man passwd, which produces multiple outputs,
confusing him even more. Which man page do you tell him to look at?

passwd(1M)

passwd(4)

passwd(1)

passwd(u)
  

6.  
Which of the following are file systems
supported in Solaris 9? (Choose all that apply.)

HSFS

PCFS

UFS

UDS

HPFS

FAT

NTFS

NFS
  

7.  
Which of the following are shells supported in
Solaris 9? (Choose all that apply.)

C

Born

Corn

GNOME
  

8.  
One
of your network users tells you that she formatted a floppy disk on her Solaris
9 computer and copied some files to that disk. She wonders whether those files
can be copied to a Windows-based machine. You tell her that it will work. Why
is this?

Because the floppy disk was formatted with
FDFS, which is also used by Windows-based computers

Because the floppy disk
was formatted with PCFS, which is also used by Windows-based computers

Because the floppy disk was formatted with
HSFS, which is also used by Windows-based computers

Because the floppy disk was formatted with
HPFS, which is also used by Windows-based computers
  

9.  
You
are delivering a proposal to management regarding operating systems within your
company. You are recommending that the company should switch to Solaris 9. One
of the managers asks you what operating system Solaris 9 is based on. Which
core operating system is it?

UNIX BSD

UNIX SVR2

UNIX SVR4

VMS
  




Answers

1.
B.
Section 3 of the reference manual contains information on programming library
functions. Section 1 has user commands, and Section 4 has file formats. Section
8 does not exist.

2.
A.
For local hard disks, Solaris 9 uses the UFS file system. UDF is used for
optical media, and HSFS is for CD-ROMs. And of course, Solaris does indeed use
file systems.

3.
B.
In Solaris 9, the Bourne shell is the default shell. Korn, C, and Bash are also
supported shells.

4.
D. The
kernel schedules and manages processes and resources. The shell is an interface
between the user and operating system, and a daemon is a process that runs in
the background. Process Manager enables you to display running processes and
kill them if necessary. However, it is not responsible for scheduling
applications.

5.
C.
The man page for passwd(1) will contain information on using the passwd
command. passwd(4) will contain information on the passwd file.

6.
A,
B, C, H. Solaris 9 supports the HSFS, PCFS, UFS, and NFS file systems, among
others. UDS does not exist as a file system. HPFS, FAT, and NTFS are file
systems supported by other operating systems.

7.
A.
The C shell is supported in Solaris 9. Some of the other supported shells
include Bourne and Korn, but not spelled as in the options. GNOME is a
graphical user interface, not a shell.

8.
B.
Floppy disks formatted on Solaris 9 computers use the PCFS file system. HSFS is
used for CD-ROMs. FDFS does not exist, and HPFS is not supported by Solaris 9
(or Windows for that matter).

9.
C.
Solaris 9 has the SunOS 5.9 operating system at its core, which is based on the
UNIX SVR4 standard.


               
               
               
               
               

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