文件或内容查找杂记

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Grep：
Grep的全称是： globally search for a regular expression and print all lines containing it.
格式:
grep options pattern filenames
选项：
-i
查询不区分大小写的字符
-l
列出符合条件的文件的名字
-n
列出文件中符合条件的所有行
-v
列出文件中不符合条件的所有行
-c
统计符合条件的所有行
Egrep:
Metacharacter
Purpose
Sample
Result
+
Matches one or more of the preceding characters
'[a-z]+ark'
Matches one or more lowercase letters followed by ark (for example, airpark, bark, dark, landmark, shark, sparkle, or trademark)
x|y
Matches either x or y
'apple|orange'
Matches for either expression
( | )
Groups characters
'(1|2)+'
'search(es|ing)+'
Matches for one or more occurrences (for example, 1 or 2, searches, or searching)


Fgrep:
You can use the fgrep command to search a file for a literal string or a group of characters. The fgrep command reads all regular expression characters literally. Regular expression metacharacters have no special meaning to the fgrep command, for example a ? character, is interpreted as a question mark, and a $ character is interpreted as a dollar sign.


查找文件名：
Find

比较详细的Find的文章：http://www.linuxsir.org/main/?q=node/137
The find command recursively descends the directory tree in the path name list, looking for the files that match the search criteria. As the find command locates the files that match those criteria, the path to each file is displayed on the screen.
The syntax for the find command is:
find pathnames expressions actions
The table shows the pathname, expression, and action arguments for the find command.
Arguments for the find Command
Argument
Definition
pathname
The absolute or relative path where the search originates.
expression
The search criteria specified by one or more options. Specifying multiple options causes the find command to use the boolean operator and, so all listed expressions must be verified as true.
action
The action required after the files have been located. The default action is to print all path names matching the criteria to the screen.
The table describes some of the expressions that you can use with the find command.
Expressions for the find Command
Expression
Definition
-name filename
Finds files matching the specified filename. Metacharacters are acceptable if placed inside " ".
-size [+|-]n
Finds files that are larger than +n, smaller than -n, or exactly n. The n represents 512-byte blocks.
-atime [+|-]n
Finds files that have been accessed more than +n days, less than -n days, or exactly n days.
-mtime [+|-]n
Finds files that have been modified more than +n days ago, less than -n days ago, or exactly n days ago.
-user loginID
Finds all files that are owned by the loginID name.
-type
Finds a file type, for example, f (file) or d (directory).
-perm
Finds files that have certain access permission bits.
The table describes the action arguments for the find command.
Actions for the find Command
Action
Definition
-exec command {} \;
Runs the specified command on each file located. A set of braces, {}, delimits where the file name is passed to the command from the preceding expressions. A space, backslash, and semicolon ( \;) delimits the end of the command. There must be a space before the backslash (\).
-ok command {} \;
Requires confirmation before the find command applies the command to each file located. This is the interactive form of the -exec command.
-print
Instructs the find command to print the current path name to the terminal screen. This is the default.
-ls
Displays the current path name and associated statistics, such as the inode number, the size in kilobytes, protection mode, the number of hard links, and the user.


Pgrep
查找进程
Ptree 进程树

Pkill 杀死进程 与pgrep类似


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