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实验目的:
1、深入理解BGP的同步规则。
实验拓扑图:
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实验步骤及要求:
1、配置各台路由器的IP地址,并且使用Ping命令确认各路由器的直连口的互通。
2、配置各路由器的BGP协议:
R3#show ip protocols
Routing Protocol is "bgp 64513"
Outgoing update filter list for all interfaces is not set
Incoming update filter list for all interfaces is not set
IGP synchronization is disabled
[stanley1]
Automatic route summarization is disabled
Neighbor(s):
Address FiltIn FiltOut DistIn DistOut Weight RouteMap
10.1.255.5
10.1.255.10
Maximum path: 1
Routing Information Sources:
Gateway Distance Last Update
10.1.255.5 200 00:02:52
10.1.255.10 200 00:29:53
Distance: external 20 internal 200 local 200
R3#
4、查看R2与R4的路由表:
R2#show ip route
Gateway of last resort is not set
10.0.0.0/30 is subnetted, 3 subnets
C 10.1.255.4 is directly connected, Serial1/1
C 10.1.255.0 is directly connected, Serial1/0
B 10.1.255.8 [200/0] via 10.1.255.6, 00:06:24
130.130.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
B 130.130.1.0 [20/0] via 10.1.255.1, 00:07:20
[stanley2]
R2#
R4#show ip route
Gateway of last resort is not set
10.0.0.0/30 is subnetted, 3 subnets
B 10.1.255.4 [200/0] via 10.1.255.9, 00:06:20
C 10.1.255.12 is directly connected, Serial1/1
C 10.1.255.8 is directly connected, Serial1/0
150.150.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
B 150.150.1.0 [20/0] via 10.1.255.14, 00:06:20
[stanley3]
R4#
5、出现这种问题的主要原因是:BGP规则:从iBGP对等体学习到路由,永远不会向其它的iBGP对等体通告。正是因为这个原因,所以R2和R4无法学习完整的网络路由。
6、在R2和R4的路由器上配置iBGP的邻居关系,配置如下:
R2(config)#router bgp 64513
R2(config-router)#neighbor 10.1.255.10 remote-as 64513
[stanley4]
R2(config-router)#exit
R2(config)#exit
R4(config)#router bgp 64513
R4(config-router)#neighbor 10.1.255.5 remote-as 64513
R4(config-router)#exit
R4(config)#exit
7、再次查看R2和R4的路由表:
R2#show ip route
Gateway of last resort is not set
10.0.0.0/30 is subnetted, 4 subnets
C 10.1.255.4 is directly connected, Serial1/1
C 10.1.255.0 is directly connected, Serial1/0
B 10.1.255.12 [200/0] via 10.1.255.10, 00:05:51
B 10.1.255.8 [200/0] via 10.1.255.6, 00:06:03
130.130.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
B 130.130.1.0 [20/0] via 10.1.255.1, 00:06:03
150.150.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
B 150.150.1.0 [200/0] via 10.1.255.14, 00:05:39
[stanley5]
R2#
R4#show ip route
10.0.0.0/30 is subnetted, 4 subnets
B 10.1.255.4 [200/0] via 10.1.255.5, 00:00:06
B 10.1.255.0 [200/0] via 10.1.255.5, 00:00:06
[stanley6]
C 10.1.255.12 is directly connected, Serial1/1
C 10.1.255.8 is directly connected, Serial1/0
150.150.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
B 150.150.1.0 [20/0] via 10.1.255.14, 00:16:40
[stanley7]
R4#
8、查看bgp的内部路由表:
R4#show ip bgp
Network Next Hop Metric LocPrf Weight Path
* i10.1.255.0/30 10.1.255.5 0 100 0 i
* i10.1.255.4/30 10.1.255.5 0 100 0 i
*>i 10.1.255.9 0 100 0 i
* i10.1.255.8/30 10.1.255.9 0 100 0 i
*> 0.0.0.0 0 32768 i
* 10.1.255.12/30 10.1.255.14 0 0 64514 i
*> 0.0.0.0 0 32768 i
* i130.130.1.0/24 10.1.255.1 0 100 0 64512 i
[stanley8]
*> 150.150.1.0/24 10.1.255.14 0 0 64514 i
R4#
9、查看130.130.1.0/24网络路由,具体信息:
R4#show ip bgp 130.130.1.0
BGP routing table entry for 130.130.1.0/24, version 0
Paths: (1 available, no best path)
Not advertised to any peer
64512
10.1.255.1 (inaccessible) from 10.1.255.5 (10.1.255.5)
[stanley9]
Origin IGP, metric 0, localpref 100, valid, internal
10、继续分析:
R4#show ip bgp 10.1.255.0
…………
Advertised to non peer-group peers:
10.1.255.14
Local
10.1.255.5 from 10.1.255.5 (10.1.255.5)
Origin IGP, metric 0, localpref 100, valid, internal, best
[stanley10]
R4#ping 10.1.255.1
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 10.1.255.1, timeout is 2 seconds:
.....
[stanley11]
Success rate is 0 percent (0/5)
11、产生此问题的原因是:BGP选路规则:当两条路由度量均相等时,而且都来自于相同自治系统的iBGP的邻居,会优先选择route id较的iBGP邻居的路由。
12、配置一个较高的router id给R2路由器解决此问题:
R2(config)#router bgp 64513
R2(config-router)#bgp router-id 172.16.255.254
[stanley12]
13、在等邻居重新建立后,再次观察R4的路由表:
R4#show ip route
10.0.0.0/30 is subnetted, 4 subnets
B 10.1.255.4 [200/0] via 10.1.255.9, 00:02:28
[stanley13]
B 10.1.255.0 [200/0] via 10.1.255.5, 00:00:11
C 10.1.255.12 is directly connected, Serial1/1
C 10.1.255.8 is directly connected, Serial1/0
130.130.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
B 130.130.1.0 [200/0] via 10.1.255.1, 00:00:01
150.150.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
B 150.150.1.0 [20/0] via 10.1.255.14, 00:27:36
R4#
R4#ping 10.1.255.5
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 10.1.255.5, timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 120/156/208 ms
R4#
14、在R2、R3和R4上配置OSPF路由协议并开启同步规则,配置如下:
R2(config)#router bgp 64513
R2(config-router)#synchronization
[stanley14]
R2(config-router)#exit
R2(config)#router ospf 1
R2(config-router)#network 10.1.255.0 0.0.0.3 area 0
R2(config-router)#network 10.1.255.4 0.0.0.3 area 0
R3(config)#router bgp 64513
R3(config-router)#synchronization
R3(config-router)#exit
R3(config)#router ospf 1
R3(config-router)#network 10.1.255.4 0.0.0.3 area 0
R3(config-router)#network 10.1.255.8 0.0.0.3 area 0
R4(config)#router bgp 64513
R4(config-router)#synchronization
R4(config-router)#exit
R4(config)#router ospf 1
R4(config-router)#network 10.1.255.8 0.0.0.3 area 0
R4(config-router)#network 10.1.255.12 0.0.0.3 area 0
15、查看R1路由器,确认是否学习到150.150.1.0/24网络路由:
R1#show ip route
10.0.0.0/30 is subnetted, 4 subnets
B 10.1.255.4 [20/0] via 10.1.255.2, 00:21:11
C 10.1.255.0 is directly connected, Serial1/1
B 10.1.255.12 [20/0] via 10.1.255.2, 00:03:37
B 10.1.255.8 [20/0] via 10.1.255.2, 00:12:37
130.130.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C 130.130.1.0 is directly connected, Loopback0
可以看出R1仍然没有学习到150.150.1.0/24网络路由。
16、查看R2路由表,可以其也无法学习到整个网络的路由:
R2#show ip route
10.0.0.0/30 is subnetted, 4 subnets
O 10.1.255.4 [110/128] via 10.1.255.9, 00:00:44, Serial1/0
O 10.1.255.0 [110/192] via 10.1.255.9, 00:00:44, Serial1/0
C 10.1.255.12 is directly connected, Serial1/1
C 10.1.255.8 is directly connected, Serial1/0
150.150.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
B 150.150.1.0 [20/0] via 10.1.255.14, 00:45:28
17、查看R2的BGP表:
R2#show ip bgp
Network Next Hop Metric LocPrf Weight Path
* 10.1.255.0/30 10.1.255.1 0 0 64512 i
*> 0.0.0.0 0 32768 i
*> 10.1.255.4/30 0.0.0.0 0 32768 i
* i 10.1.255.6 0 100 0 i
r i10.1.255.8/30 10.1.255.10 0 100 0 i
r>i 10.1.255.6 0 100 0 i
r>i10.1.255.12/30 10.1.255.10 0 100 0 i
*> 130.130.1.0/24 10.1.255.1 0 0 64512 i
* i150.150.1.0/24 10.1.255.14 0 100 0 64514 i
[stanley15]
R2#
18、查看详细的150.150.1.0/24网络路由描述:
R2#show ip bgp 150.150.1.0
BGP routing table entry for 150.150.1.0/24, version 0
Paths: (1 available, no best path)
Not advertised to any peer
[stanley16]
64514
10.1.255.14 (inaccessible) from 10.1.255.10 (10.1.255.13)
Origin IGP, metric 0, localpref 100, valid, internal, not synchronized
[stanley17]
19、产生此问题的主要原因是:BGP同步规则,不使用或不通告给任何EBGP邻居从IBGP邻居学习到路由,直到IGPs也学习到相同路由。
20、使用路由重发布解决该问题,在R4上配置重发布:
R4(config)#router ospf 1
R4(config-router)#redistribute bgp 64513 metric 200 subnets
[stanley18]
R4(config-router)#exit
21、再次在R2上查看150.150.1.0/24网络路由的BGP描述:
R2#show ip bgp 150.150.1.0
BGP routing table entry for 150.150.1.0/24, version 16
Paths: (1 available, best #1, table Default-IP-Routing-Table, RIB-failure(17))
Flag: 0x820
Advertised to non peer-group peers:
10.1.255.1
64514
10.1.255.14 (metric 192) from 10.1.255.10 (10.1.255.13)
Origin IGP, metric 0, localpref 100, valid, internal, synchronized, best
[stanley19]
22、查看R1的路由表,确认路由:
R1#show ip route
10.0.0.0/30 is subnetted, 4 subnets
B 10.1.255.4 [20/0] via 10.1.255.2, 00:25:11
C 10.1.255.0 is directly connected, Serial1/1
B 10.1.255.12 [20/0] via 10.1.255.2, 00:07:37
B 10.1.255.8 [20/0] via 10.1.255.2, 00:16:37
130.130.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C 130.130.1.0 is directly connected, Loopback0
150.150.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets
B 150.150.1.0 [20/0] via 10.1.255.2, 00:01:36
R1#
23、同样,在R2上也需要配置重发布,来解决R4 BGP学习的130.130.1.0/24网络同步问题。具体配置不再列出。
24、实验完成。
本文来自ChinaUnix博客,如果查看原文请点:http://blog.chinaunix.net/u3/99768/showart_1998548.html |
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