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TA #: 116163
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How do I install UnixWare7 on a Compaq ML Series server?
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Keywords
ML series server OpenUNIX UNIX SmartStart CD ROMPaqs configure hardware uw7 unixware unixware7 uware 7.1.1 711 install compaq ml
Release
UnixWare 7 Release 7.1.1
Caldera Open UNIX 8 Release 8.0.0
Problem
How do I install UnixWare7 on a Compaq ML series server?
Solution
Follow these step-by-step instructions, which include:
1. Configure the Hardware 2. Starting the Installation 3. Further Installation requirements 4. Post Install 5. Check for Ghost Entries 6. Patches 7. Test the processors 8. Networking 9. Tuning 10. Add additional Disks 11. Tape Testing 12. Free Software 13. Compaq EFS Software 14. Emergency Recovery 15. Compaq UPS 16. Register Your Software
NOTE: All of the references for Open UNIX 8 refer to Open UNIX 8 media which is compatible with UnixWare7 release 7.1.1. In particular, the HBA's and the "nd" package.
1. Configure the Hardware:
Using the Compaq SmartStart CD, perform a System Erase if the
server is new or you are upgrading from a different operating
system.
Using the Compaq SmartStart CD, upgrade any ROMPaqs for the
server, such as the firmware.
Visit Compaq's Web Site at http://www.compaq.com/support to
consider upgrading the Options ROMPaq which may contain new
revisions of the firmware for the controllers, external storage,
tapes and disks that you are using.
Use the Compaq SmartStart CD, configure the logical disks on the
controller(s) you may have installed on your server. You may
want to clear the configuration and save for each controller(s)
on your server.
Note: If you are using the server for a database it is not
recommended to use the Write Back Cache on the controller, even
if you have an extra power supply and an Uninterruptible Power
Supply (UPS). This is because the cache may contain corrupted
data should the server crash during production. In such an event,
corrupted data may be written to the database. Where possible,
use RAID 0+1 to obtain the best performance and robustness for
your installation.
Oracle, and any database manufacturer, discourage the use of
RAID5 as this can cause performance problems. However, RAID 0+1
is the recommended RAID configuration providing high performance
and robustness of your data.
When possible, storing your data on external storage is preferable
as this provides redundancy in the case of a server failure.
Note though, for example, a Compaq StorageWorks 4200 cabinet:
Storage Works ID to Slot mapping:
Slot SCSI ID
14 15 (top)
13 14
12 13
11 12
10 11
9 10
8 9
7 8
6 5
5 4
4 3
3 2
2 1
1 0 (bottom)
ID 6 and 7 are used for controller and storage works cabinet
itself. This is useful should the external storage detect a disk
failure as it reports the ID, not the slot.
Should a failure occur use the Compaq SmartStart CD and choose the
Array Configuration to help you locate the faulty disk.
Using the Compaq SmartStart CD, use the Compaq Array Diagnostics
to ensure the validity of your disks before you start.
A report can be saved to floppy disk for future reference.
Using the Compaq SmartStart CD create the Compaq System Partition
and test by using the F10 key at boot time. When the first menu
is displayed, press CTRL-A to enter "Advanced Mode".
This will provide you with a number of additional options within
the following menus. Use the Test & Diagnose options to test
the validity of your hardware before you start. A report can be
saved to floppy disk for future reference.
Within the Configure Hardware option of the Compaq System
Partition, View and Edit Boards to ensure the controller order of
your hardware. For servers with multiple cards you will need to
ensure that Interrupt Sharing is Enabled. By default, it is NOT.
Consider the interrupts to be shared, such as do you want to share
the Network Interface Card(s)(NICs) with each other or share the
SCSI controllers on the same interrupt? Be aware that turning this
option on will result in a number of your interrupts being
re-ordered. For example, is the second serial port going to be
used?
Disable ports and cards that are not going to be used to save on
the resources available.
Determine if any Compaq Dual Network Interface Cards (NICs) can be
swapped to single NIC's. This is because the dual cards are most
effective for load balancing, a feature not supported by the
UnixWare7 operating system. The dual NIC can be used to connect to
a separate network, thus, making the server a network "router". It
can also be used as a backup NIC when another dual port connects to
another network. Therefore, the first port of the first NIC
connects to network 10, the second port of the second NIC connects
to network 20. The second port of the first NIC is the backup for
network 20 and the first port of the second NIC is the backup for
network 10.
You will also need the latest Compaq Extended Feature Supplement
(EFS) disks which you can create from the Compaq SmartStart CD.
The EFS will contain drivers and utilities to be used by the
Operating System.
For all the software defined above on the Compaq SmartStart CD,
you can also obtain the latest versions of the software from
Compaq's web site at http://www.compaq.com/support.
Do not use the Compaq SmartStart "Automatic" feature to install
your server as this is often installed with general configuration
options rather than those specific to your system and additional
software is installed that you may not require.
Before starting the installation of the operating system pay
attention to leads and connectors and ensure that they are
sufficiently tightened and the correct Compaq leads are used.
SEE ALSO: Technical Article 112921, "I want to improve the performance of a
filesystem on UnixWare 7."
2. Starting the Installation:
Use the UnixWare7 CD or Floppy Disks to boot the operating system
and enter the UnixWare7 Initial System Load (ISL) for installation.
Select the appropriate locale and keyboard of the system and use
F10 throughout, rather than ENTER, to progress through the
installation options.
Host Bus Adaptors:
When requested for the Host Bus Adaptor (HBA) disks, insert the
Compaq EFS HBA disk first. If duplications are found on subsequent
disks, it is always the first HBA that is found will be loaded.
When requested for subsequent HBA disks, use the latest Caldera HBA
disks for Open UNIX 8 available from:
ftp://ftp.caldera.com/pub/openunix8/drivers/storage
as these will be compatible with UnixWare7 and contain the latest
drivers.
Should the Compaq Ultra160 SCSI controller be installed in the
server, you should either disable the card until after the
installation has completed or use the ultra160 drivers on the
Open UNIX 8 HBA disks first in preference to the one on the Compaq
EFS disks. This may result in earlier drivers being used for the
other controllers on the server (from the Open UNIX 8 HBA disks).
These can be upgraded after installation with the drivers on the
Compaq EFS disks. This is because the Open UNIX 8 HBA driver for
the Ultra160 is preferable to the Compaq EFS 7.44 driver.
Enter the node name when requested.
Check the contents of the Device Configuration Utility (DCU) to
ensure that all the necessary devices have been detected. At
this stage the only drivers that are required are for the devices
that are necessary to install the root hard disk and to find the
CD-ROM in which to install from. If installation problems occur
you can always disable the unnecessary controllers until after the
installation is completed.
At install time, enter DCU when prompted, then Hardware Device
Configuration to check the presence or absence of IDE. If missing,
go back to Software Device Drivers ->; Host Bus Adapters and find
the line containing:
(*) ide
Press F5 to Add. Leave defaults, except for unit number which
should be set to 1.
Go back to Hardware Device Configuration to check presence of IDE.
Ensure that other controllers have been assigned a Unit Number
(such as 5300 # 1 - Unit 0, 5300 # 2 - Unit 2; ... leaving the SCSI
Controllers last).
Then Save/Exit. Otherwise, the first CD may load but on reboot
for the 2nd CD the "ide" drive is not detected. A cold start may
fix this problem.
This, for example, sets the first RAID controller as the root
controller and the second controller is the IDE, where the CD-ROM
will be connected. Subsequent RAID controllers can have a higher
Unit number with any additional SCSI controllers coming last.
Note that when looking at the Disk options, there will be a
partition for the Compaq System Partition which should not be
deleted. For example:
Disk 1 Partitions (8670MB)
1 System 0 8 0 90
2 UNIX System Active 9 2175 99 21678583
Customize the layout of the root filesystem slices. Leave
additional disks until after the configuration is completed.
A typical installation would look like:
/ 4764
/stand 50
/swap 2047
/dump 1600
This example is with a server with 1GB of RAM. The maximum amount
of swap is allocated (2047) 2GB at install time (more swap can be
added later by defining disk space). This is in case more memory
is added at a later date. For similar reasons, a dump slice is
allocated space in case of system failures.
/stand is allocated more room should more copies of the kernel be
required.
Do not assign any filesystems using the MEMFS option (unless
specifically required). They can be left in for the duration of
the installation then remarked out later in /etc/vfstab. At this
stage, if disk space is required for MEMFS filesystems, the disk
space allocation will be taken from the swap space.
Do not assign any disk space limitations to /var as this is used
by the system for a variety of log files.
You may wish to install a /home filesystem to ensure that any users
created will use a separate filesystem other than root to save
their files.
You may wish to install a /home2 filesystem which can be renamed
later by simply using your favourite editor to change the directory
/home2 to /progress, for example. You then only need to create a
mount point later using the "mkdir /progress" command and when you
"umount /home2" and run the "mountall" commmand, you will see a new
/progress filesystem where you can install your database software
on the root filesystem.
Check to ensure that you Install a New Boot Sector when
customizing the Disk Options.
Package Selection:
Customize Installation of Packages
Select individual packages and install:
Kernel Debugger, OSMP (for multi-processor support)
Turn off Netware, unless required.
Earlier cuts of the UnixWare7 will result in the manual set being
installed twice. Later revisions addressed and fixed this
problem.
Platform Support Modules (PSM):
Use Intel MP Specification (NOT Compaq SystemPro/ProLiant as this
can result in your server panicking.
Defer network configuration until after the installation.
3. Further Installation Requirements:
When prompted, create a Response Disk which can be used on other
server builds, as long as the disk capacity is exactly the same as
the first server for the root disk.
From the second CD install just the JDK 1.1.7 and Netscape
Communicator, unless any other software components are required.
Later releases of the Java Development Kit (JDK) may be available
from http://www.caldera.com/support. In addition, check the
Caldera ftp site for later revisions of the Maintenance Set which
is available on the second CD.
From the third CD, only install software that is required,
otherwise this CD can be deferred.
4. Post Install:
After the first system boot, check root's email to ensure all of
the packages installed.
Also run "scoadmin ->; Software Mgmt ->; System ->; International
Settings" to ensure the correct locale is set.
5. Check for Ghost Entries:
When the system rebooted the controller ordering may change. This
is cleared by going once more into DCU and forcing the desired unit
numbers, then issuing the command:
/etc/conf/bin/idconfupdate -f and rebooting.
Due to this change in controller order ghost disk entries were
created for potential Multi-Port IO (MPIO) access.
To verify if there are any ghost entries use the command:
# sdighost -l
There should be only one entry per disk (cCbBtTdDsS) and no
ghost entries defined. If ghost entries do exist, carrying out
any operation on the disks may cause corruption of data. The
entries should be cleared as soon as possible if not needed. To
remove the unwanted ghost entries use the following procedure:
# resmgr | grep vtoc
for each entry take the first field (the key number) and remove
that entry with:
# resmgr -r -k <key number>;
# /etc/conf/bin/idconfupdate -f
# init 6
NOTE: The Array Clear Configuration Utility did not clear all
data from the disks. UnixWare may detect valid fdisk
tables on a number of disks. They can, and should be,
removed. In order to create the filesystems run fdisk
first on each of the disks to ensure that there is a
valid partition table and that it is correct. Then run
'diskadd' to create the additional file-systems and
mounts. See below.
6. Patches:
Apply the latest patches for the operating system found in:
ftp://ftp.caldera.com/pub/unixware7
and should be applied in Single User Mode by pressing the SPACE BAR
at the UnixWare7 logo during a reboot and entering the commands:
INITSTATE=S
go
NOTE: The "DCAP" supplement is also available for addressing
memory greater than 4GB. Without it, memory will be detected
but not addressed by UnixWare7 specifically, yet may be
addressed as memory within database systems such as Oracle.
Keep a copy of the patches installed in /local/patches.
Relink the kernel and re-boot.
7. Test the processors with the command:
psrinfo -v
and the memory with:
memsize
8. Networking:
Install all drivers in nd package from Open UNIX 8 CD 2, re-link
the Kernel and reboot into Single-User Mode. This package is also
available from:
ftp://ftp.caldera.com/pub/unixware7/drivers/network/
Configure network cards using "netcfg", for example:
net0 is eeE8 in slot 6
Host Name: <server_name>;
Domain Name: <enter a domain, even if one not required>;
IP ADDRESS: www.xxx.yyy.zzz
NETMASK: www.xxx.yyy.zzz
BROADCAST: www.xxx.yyy.zzz
DFL GATEWAY: www.xxx.yyy.zzz
[Advanced] ->; FullDuplex_100Mbps
[Advanced] ->; Enter System Administrator and Location of server
net1 is eeE8 in slot 3 (port 0)
Configure as Backup for net0 (NOTE: Backup Cards will not work with
the original eeE driver if the network cards used are Intel Pro
100B. The eeE8 (DDI driver must be used.
Here, for example, rather than use the Compaq drivers for the
Compaq n100c (Re-badged Intel card), use the latest drivers
available from Caldera.
Only use the "n100c" drivers should the Compaq Insight Manager
be required to monitor the performance of the NICs.
Boot into Multi-User Mode and check the networking is functional
by pinging the gateway and a server beyond it. Try telnetting
to the new server.
Edit /etc/ftpusers (remove root) and /etc/shells (remove all
comments) for root ftp access, if applicable.
Configure additional networking services such as:
/etc/hosts
/etc/resolv.conf (for Domain Name Service - DNS - See Technical Article 112741)
NTP (for Network Time Protocol - See Technical Article 111921)
DHCP - See ta111069
Printing - See ta110358
Email (scoadmin sendmail)
Visit http://www.aplawrence.com/Unixart/mail.html
NFS (scoadmin filesystem manager) - note some 3rd party NFS
products require the "anon" to be set to "0" in the Advanced
section of scoadmin.
Visit http://www.aplawrence.com/SCOFAQ/scotec4.html
Modem (scoadmin modem) - See ta112964
SNMP Configuration (scoadmin SNMP Agent Manager) - note these
statistics can then be checked with "snmpstat -s <server>; public)
File & Print Services with VisionsFS3.1, AFPS 4.0.1 or SAMBA.
See Technical Article 114823.
9. Tuning:
If your server is to be used as a database server, then tune it in
accordance to your database vendor's instructions. However, if
Oracle is to be installed, ensure that the STRTHRESH value is kept
as the default (Dynamic). This is addressed in future releases of
the Oracle documentation.
See /etc/conf/cf.d/mtune_d for more information.
Tune up networking resources necessary for a larger number of
TCP/IP connections:
# vi /etc/conf/sdevice.d/ticots
change 3rd column from 256 to 8192
# vi /etc/conf/sdevice.d/ticlts
change 3rd column from 256 to 1000
# vi /etc/conf/sdevice.d/ticotsor
change 3rd column from 256 to 1000
# vi /etc/conf/sdevice.d/tcp
change 3rd column from 1000 to 4096
The tcp_2msl parameter defines the time connections will remain in
TIME_WAIT state - see RFC793. By default the value is 240
(4minutes). It can be reduced to 30 seconds with the following:
# inconfig tcp_2msl 30
Re-link the kernel with the command:
/etc/conf/bin/idbuild -B
then re-boot. It is better to ensure that any problems are
encountered prior to re-booting in case the kernel could not be
re-linked for some reason. You would then have to boot as
though going into Single User mode, defined above, and enter
"b unix.old" to boot from a previous version of the kernel.
10. Add additional Disks:
Use "fdisk /dev/rdsk/cXbXtXdXs0" to define the additional disks
on your controller(s) prior to running "diskadd cXbXtXdX".
Use "sdiconfig -l" to determine where the disk is, ie. is it using
SCSI Target ID or LUN.
NOTE: For the first disk you add, each cylinder will equal 4MB or
8MB.
For subsequent disks, each disk will equal 1MB which will be
easier to calculate.
NOTE: When creating filesystems that are likely to have a large
number of small files written to them (such as Oracle indexes
or temp filesystems), then double the number of inodes from
the recommended default.
NOTE: If the Online Data Manager (ODM) is to be used allow 20Mb to
be free (unallocated) when defining the amount of the disk
space for the filesystems to allow for ODM encapsulation.
Otherwise, ensure all the disk space is allocated to
filesystems to prevent ODM from re-allocating free disk space
in the event of a disk failure.
In general, if ODM is to be used, for example, to mirror data
volumes from one disk cabinet to another for robustness, then
add the filesystems at the UnixWare level first, then use ODM
to encapsulate the disk.
This is because should ODM fail or it is decided to remove
ODM at a later date then the data can still be accessed at
the UnixWare level.
NOTE: Using ODM may add a write delay (up to 50%) to your
filesystems operations. Therefore, it is suggested to create
the filesystems, add your database, application and test it
prior to configuring ODM.
For filesystems other than the root filesystem, configure
large file support in accordance with Technical Article 110169 and test with
the command:
dd if=/dev/zero of=<filesystem>;/tmp/big.dd bs=1024 count=5000000
This will create a 5GB file.
NOTE: If you are not happy with your disk layout use the command:
# diskrm cXbXtXdX
to remove the mount points from /etc/vfstab and run:
# fdisk cXbXtXdXs0
to remove and re-create the disk partition.
You can then run "diskadd" again to re-create your
filesystem again.
At this point, test the RAID hardware of each disk configured by
pulling the disk out of the array if the disk has hardware
resilience built in, such as RAID 1, 0+1 or 5.
11. Tape Testing:
Test the tape functionality with:
tape reset
tape erase
tapecntl -w
cd /local/patches
find . -print | cpio -ovcB -O/dev/rmt/ctape1
cd /tmp
mkdir patches
cd patches
cpio -ivdumcB -I/dev/rmt/ctape1
cd ..
rm -r patches
To determine if your tape drive can support a high block size,
which will increase performance, use a block size of 32768. Run
the above test again and remove the "B" from the cpio parameters
and replace it with "C32768".
The same tape performance gains can also be achieved with other
operating systems such as OpenServer.
Use the "mccntl -l <element>;" command to load tapes if a Compaq
Tape Auto-Loader is used.
See Technical Article 115746.
12. Free Software:
Installed packages from Skunkware 800 CD or from the Open Source
CD from the UnixWare7 Media Set or from:
http://www.caldera.com/skunkware:
lsof - lists open files
catdoc - for displaying Word Documents
Bash - Bash 2.03 - GNU Bourne-Again Shell
Bzip2 - block-sorting file compressor/uncompressor
Cdrtools 1.8a23 - record audio or data Compact Discs
Cpio - GNU Cpio
Expect - programmed dialogue (requires tcl820 & tk820)
Findutils - GNU Find Utilities
GZIP - GNU Compression Tools
Less - opposite of more
Mtools 3.9.1 - Utilities to access DOS disks in Unix
NcFTP - Internet file transfer program (requires glibs)
skunkperl - Practical Extraction and Report Language
SarCheck - performance analysis and tuning tool
Top - Display top cpu processes
infozip - PK-Zip compatible unzip
Webmin - A powerful web-based administration interface
(requires skunkperl), if applicable (*)
Wxftp - graphical FTP client
(*) webmin is optional and may be removed due to the fact that
it needed to be configured and will issuing confusing error
messages at boot time until it is configured.
Add /usr/local/bin to root's PATH
Index MAN pages: # /usr/man/bin/config_search -f
13. Compaq EFS Software:
ONLY install the software from the Compaq EFS disks for the
hardware you have.
For example, the Compaq SmartArray 5300 RAID Controller uses the
"ciss" driver.
Therefore, install:
Installed Compaq CISS Diagnostic Utility
Insert EFS 7.50 diskette1 then
# pkgadd -d diskette1
At list of packages to install set everything to 'N' (for No)
and install only "Compaq CISS Diagnostic Utility".
This is installed in /usr/bin/compaq/diags/ciss.
Use: ./ciss_menu to invoke.
If you plan to use the Compaq Insight Manager, then more software
will be required from these disks.
14. Emergency Recovery:
Copy /unix to /unix.orig
Copy /etc/vfstab to /etc/vfstab.orig
Boot system and at UW7 logo press space to go into the boot menu.
Go to single user mode
[boot] INITSTATE=S
go
# vi /usr/lib/drf/tapeconfig
If your tape device supported a 32k block size:
change from:
ctape1 512
to:
ctape1 32768
Create Emergency floppies:
# emergency_disk diskette1
Create Emergency Tape:
# emergency_rec ctape1
or:
# emergency_rec -e ctape1
(If you want to backup the System Partition as well.)
Backup whole system:
# cd /
# tapecntl -f 32768
# find . -print | cpio -ovcC 32768 -O /dev/rmt/ctape1
To restore use either:
# tapecntl -f 32768
or:
# tapecntl -v
(Should you receive CHECK CONDITION errors with the tape.)
followed by:
# cpio -icvdumC 32768 -I /dev/rmt/ctape1
If you tape device didn't support a 32k block size, then replace
the "C 32768" in the cpio commands with "B".
Within Multi-User Mode configure backup solution, as required,
and configure with "cron". See Technical Article 115746.
15. Compaq UPS:
If you have a Compaq UPS connected to the server via a serial
cable on the first serial card then:
Install and configure UPS manager:
(from Insight Manager 4.90 CD, for example)
Insert Insight Manager CD and mount
# mount -r -F cdfs /dev/cdrom/cdrom1 /mnt
# cd /mnt/cpqcpm/agents/unixware/eng
# sh ./install.sh
UPS group: N
Device: /dev/tty00
Wink Time: 5 sec.
Power failure Countdown Time: 5min.
Time needed to shutdown server: 180 sec.
Manually start the UPS daemon with:
# sh /etc/rc2.d/S99cpminit start
Test by removing the power to the UPS but if the system was
restarted by pressing the space bar at the " ower off or press
any key to reboot" and the system reboots. Once UnixWare has
come as far as the graphical login, the server may cold boot,
causing the root file-system to be checked upon the next reboot.
Power down the machine if it is shutdown by the UPS daemon before
restarting the Operating System.
In order to maintain a visual check of the UPS status:
a) Run an X Session
b) Run dterm
c) # cd /usr/cpm
d) # ./cpmX
This will also install the necessary Compaq Insight Management
agent daemons for monitoring the server via the Compaq Insight
Manager.
See also Technical Article 111742.
16. Register Your Software:
Register your software at http://www.caldera.com/license and
ensure you have the appropriate number of licenses for the
number of users and database solution you are implementing.
See Also
Technical Article 110169, "How to enable large files support?"
Technical Article 110358, "How do I configure printing to an HP JetDirect Printer or HP Print Server?"
Technical Article 111069, "How to configure a 7.1.0 or 7.1.1 system as a DHCP client?"
Technical Article 111742, "How do I install the Compaq Insight Manager?"
Technical Article 111921, "How do I configure NTP to synchronize correctly?"
Technical Article 112741, "It takes a long time to connect to my server using the DNS name."
Technical Article 112921, "I want to improve the performance of a filesystem on UnixWare 7."
Technical Article 112964, "I am getting "speed" errors from the SCOadmin modem manager."
Technical Article 114823, "How do I download, compile and install the latest version of SAMBA for UnixWare?"
Technical Article 115746, "Where can I find a simple backup script to backup my server onto a tape on a nightly basis?"
http://www.aplawrence.com/Unixart/mail.html
http://www.aplawrence.com/SCOFAQ/scotec4.html
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TA116163 created on 04 December 2001 , last updated on 03 September 2002
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