Linux command to gathers up information

kona

If you are developing an application for Linux desktop and would like
to automatically find out more information about system, use the
following commands in shell scripts to gather information about system.
Recently I was involved in project where I need to collect information
about running GUI, browser and other information such as disk space,
running kernel etc.
Find out KDE Desktop version:
konqueror --version
Find out Gnome Desktop version:
gnome-panel --version
Find out Mozilla browser version:
mozilla --version
Find out Firefox browser version:
firefox --version
Find out current Language:
set | egrep '^(LANG|LC_)'
Find out disk space usage:
df -h
Find/Estimate file space usage:
du -h
Find out version of Linux glibc:
ls -l /lib/libc-*.so /lib/libc.so*
Find out user limits:
ulimit -a
Find out installed device drivers (modules)
lsmod
Find out information about an X server:
xdpyinfo
It can find out:

• Name of display:
• Version number
• Vendor     name (such as The XFree86 Project)
• Vendor release number
• And XFree86 version number

Find out information about Linux CPU
cat /proc/cpuinfo
Find out information about Linux Memory
cat /proc/meminfo
OR
free -m
OR
free -g
Find out user shell name:
ps -p $$ | tail -1 | awk '{ print $4 }'
Dump Linux kernel variables
/sbin/sysctl -a
Find out running Linux kernel version:
uname -mrs
uname -a
cat /proc/version
Dump or display memory information and swap information:
free -m
Network card and IP address information:
ifconfig -a
ifconfig -a|less
Debian / Ubuntu Linux network configuration file (all interface eth0,eth1,…ethN)
more /etc/network/interfaces
Redhat / CentOS / Fedora Linux  network configuration file (eth0)
more  /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0
Note replace eth1 for 2nd network card and so on.
Display routing information
route -n
route
Display list of all open ports
netstat -tulpn
View login related logs
tail -f /var/log/secure
vi /var/log/secure
grep 'something' /var/log/secure
View mail server  related logs
tail -f /var/log/maillog
vi /var/log/maillog
grep 'something' /var/log/maillog
Find how long the system has been running
uname
w
Show who is logged on and what they are doing
w
who
Display list of tasks
top
Display all running process
ps aux
ps aux | grep process-name
Display list of all installed software on Redhat / CentOS / Fedora
rpm -qa
rpm -qa | grep 'software-name'
rpm -qa | less
Display list of all installed software on Debian / Ubuntu
dpkg --list
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本文来自ChinaUnix博客，如果查看原文请点：http://blog.chinaunix.net/u/4847/showart_449658.html