[转载]Installing 10g Release 2 on Ubuntu

blueantelope

                 1.0 Introduction
I
will confess right at the outset that I am very definitely more of a
Suse or Red hat/Fedora man than an Ubuntu one, and that my familiarity
with the Debian-based distro that has recently been garnering all
accolades is merely skin-deep -so long-time Debian users should not get
too upset if they see me doing hilariously clumsy things in the course
of this article! Nevertheless, I wanted to document how to install Oracle 10g Release 2 onto Ubuntu precisely
because Ubuntu appears to have a lot of momentum behind it in the
'Linux press', and appears to me at least to be well on the way to
becoming the distro against which all others are measured, at least in
mindshare terms.

So, despite my usual 'house rule' that
nothing but "Enterprise-class" distros get the 'how to install Oracle'
treatment (because they're the only distros you're going to meet in a
real-world server room); and despite my fondness for all things Suse;
this article will indeed explore how you go about performing an Oracle
10g Release 2 installation onto the hottest 'home distro' of the moment.
I should mention that although this article was originally written using the Breezy Badger release of Ubuntu, it has subsequently been successfully tested against the newer Dapper Drake (that is, version 6.06, released in June 2006) without any alteration to the steps or instructions being required at all. Some of the Flash movies accompanying the article therefore show Breezy Badger being installed on a machine called Vitellius and some show Dapper Drake being installed on Trajan:
but whatever the machine name and whatever Ubuntu version is being
depicted, the Oracle-related steps apply equally well in both
directions.

2.0 Obtaining Ubuntu
Ubuntu can be downloaded for free from
the official Ubuntu download site
.   
Ubuntu's
hardware requirements are fairly minimal (officially, 128MB of RAM and
2GB of disk space for a desktop system) but Oracle's are not, so make
sure your PC actually has at least 512MB of RAM and 6GB of free hard
disk space, minimum. Ideally, you will want to install Oracle onto a
fresh Ubuntu installation, since "pre-loved" installations will quite
probably have a pile of library and version incompatibilities that will
play havoc with Oracle. This article is certianly going to use a
completely fresh Ubuntu installation, anyway, straight off the CD and
without any prior patching or updating. It's strongly recommended that
you do likewise for repeatable, predictable results.
3.0 Installing Ubuntu
I'm
not going to detail the Ubuntu installation, which looks and feels
quite different between the 5.10 and 6.06 releases anyway. If you want
to see how I went about installing the 5.10 Breezy Badger release,
you're welcome to
view a short Flash Movie of the process at your leisure
.
Version 6.06 is rather different, in that you boot up directly off the
installation CD into a fully-functioning graphical O/S and then click
the "Install" icon that is located on the desktop. The graphical
installer presented to you at that point, though, is very similar to
the text-based one you got in 5.10, and the answers you provide are
very similar too. In either case, the important point is to perform a
default Ubuntu install, let the installer wipe the entire hard disk and
partition it as it likes, and create yourself as a non-root user.
Nowhere does either install routine ask you about networking details or
what packages should be installed, which certainly makes things very
simple, but means the installation leaves your PC in a very
Oracle-unfriendly state, and that needs fixing before you can proceed
much further.
4. Post-install Configuration
As I just
mentioned, the default Ubuntu installation leaves a number of things to
be fixed, principally the issue of DHCP and the installed packages.
4.1 Fixing Networking
  
First, to assign a fixed IP address instead of a DHCP-assigned one, click the System -> Administration -> Networking
menu options. Choose the appropriate network interface from the first
dialog, and then alter its connection settings. Assign it whatever
fixed IP address is appropriate for your networking environment:
  

You should probably open a terminal (Applications -> Accessories -> Terminal)
to make sure you can ping other machines on your network after you've
made this change. You should also ensure you can ping your own machine
by its proper name at this time:
hjr@vitellius:~$ ping vitellius

PING localhost.localdomain (127.0.0.1) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from localhost.localdomain (127.0.0.1): icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=2.39 ms
64 bytes from localhost.localdomain (127.0.0.1): icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.087 ms

When
Oracle is configured, the ability to resolve the local machine name
will be crucial, so it's good to know that it's resolvable now.
  4.2 Configuring Apt
  
The
default Ubuntu installation includes an impressively comprehensive set
of packages, but they still don't include everything that an Oracle
installation will require inorder to be successful. To put that right,
you will manually have to install a handful of extra packages using the
apt-get utility. Before you can meaningfully use that tool, however, you need to make sure that universe apt repository is available for use.

So, at the command prompt, issue the following commands:
sudo cp /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list_backup
sudo gedit /etc/apt/sources.list

The first command backs up the existing apt repository configuration file, and the second opens that configuration file in the gedit
text editor. You need to find the two lines (roughly in the middle of
the file) which refer to the universe repository, and uncomment them.
Instead of this, therefore:
#deb
http://au.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu
breezy universe
#deb-src
http://au.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu
breezy universe
...we want this:
deb
http://au.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu
breezy universe
deb-src
http://au.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu
breezy universe
The
actual URLs provided in your configuration will most probably different
from these, of course... and they'll mention "dapper" rather than
"breezy" if you're using version 6.06... but you get the general idea,
I hope.
To then get the new repositories populated with information about what packages exist, you have to issue this command:
sudo apt-get update
The system will respond with this sort of thing:
Get:19
http://au.archive.ubuntu.com
breezy-updates/main Sources [17.5kB]
  Get:20
http://au.archive.ubuntu.com
breezy-updates/restricted Sources [14B]
  Fetched 4248kB in 49710d 0h50m20s (0B/s)
  Reading package lists... Done
When all the package lists have been fetched, you can then actually install the necessary packages by issuing this command:
  sudo apt-get install gcc libaio1 lesstif2 lesstif2-dev make rpm libc6 libstdc++5

Once again the system will respond with a lot of information, and an all-important question:
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree... Done
libc6 is already the newest version.
The following extra packages will be installed:
   binutils gcc-4.0 ldso libc5 libc6-dev libexpat1-dev libfontconfig1-dev libfreetype6-dev libice-dev
   librpm4 libsm-dev libx11-dev libxau-dev libxext-dev libxft-dev libxi-dev libxrender-dev libxt-dev
   linux-kernel-headers x-dev x11proto-core-dev x11proto-input-dev x11proto-kb-dev x11proto-render-dev
   x11proto-xext-dev zlib1g-dev
Suggested packages:
   binutils-doc manpages-dev autoconf automake1.9 libtool flex bison gcc-doc gcc-4.0-doc gcc-4.0-locales
   libc6-dev-amd64 lib64gcc1 glibc-doc alien
Recommended packages:
   libmudflap0-dev
The following NEW packages will be installed:
   binutils gcc gcc-4.0 ldso lesstif2 lesstif2-dev libaio1 libc5 libc6-dev libdb1 libexpat1-dev
   libfontconfig1-dev libfreetype6-dev libice-dev librpm4 libsm-dev libx11-dev libxau-dev libxext-dev
   libxft-dev libxi-dev libxrender-dev libxt-dev linux-kernel-headers make rpm x-dev x11proto-core-dev
   x11proto-input-dev x11proto-kb-dev x11proto-render-dev x11proto-xext-dev zlib1g-dev
0 upgraded, 33 newly installed, 0 to remove and 71 not upgraded.
Need to get 6000kB/12.2MB of archives.
After unpacking 47.4MB of additional disk space will be used.
Do you want to continue [Y/n]?
When
you answer 'Y" to that question at the end, the system will retrieve
whatever packages it needs from the Internet, and will install them
entirely automatically. At that point, your system has all that it
requires to support an Oracle installation.

Note: if you are running apt-get behind a proxy server, you will need to set the http_proxy environment variable before issuing any of the apt-get commands shown here. Do that by issuing the command export http_proxy=http://192.168.1.254:80 -or whatever the correct IP address and port number should be for your particular environment.
5.0 Preparation for the Oracle Install
We now have to prepare the Ubuntu machine for the Oracle installation in much the same way as you would any Linux
server. In essence, that means: creating a user to own the
installation; configuring kernel parameters; and configuring user
environment variables. Taking those three things one at a time,
therefore...
5.1 Creating the oracle user
Somebody must
own the Oracle installation, and we therefore have to create a new user
account for that purpose. This account is generically referred to (in
this document and most others you'll ever read on the subject) as the oracle user. He is created at the command line like so:
sudo groupadd oinstall
sudo groupadd dba
sudo groupadd nobody
sudo useradd -m oracle -g oinstall -G dba -s /bin/bash
sudo passwd oracle
The first three commands create three new operating system groups
that need to exist. The fourth command is the one that creates the
oracle user and makes him a member of two of those new groups. Finally,
you set a new password for the oracle user (and make sure you don't
forget what you set it to!)
So that you know, the oinstall group is the one which officially "owns" the Oracle installation, and which has rights to upgrade and patch it. The dba
group is the one that has the rights to administer a database (starting
it up, shutting it down, backing it up and recovering it when
necessary). In many large organisations, the membership of the two
groups would be quite distinct: SYSADMINs in the one, and DBAs in the
other. However, in this case (and quite commonly done in the real
world, too) the one user has been made a member of both groups, and
will thus be able to perform both sorts of function. It could
reasonably be argued that, if this is so, there was no point in
creating both groups in the first place: one would have done. True, but
it's best practice to allow you to have as much flexibility for the
future as you can, and therefore even if you choose (as here) not to
use the two-groups-split right now, at least you have the chance to do
so in the future.
5.2 Configuring Kernel Parameters
Oracle
instances consume memory and CPU resources on servers, and Ubuntu
doesn't come configured to allow the quantity of resources to be
consumed that we'll end up needing. To fix that, we therefore have to
specify a set of new Kernerl Parameters which the operating system should use. That's easily done by editing one file, like so:
sudo gedit /etc/sysctl.conf
You can substitute in the name of your preferred text editor instead of gedit if you like, but whatever editor you use, you now need to add these lines to the end of that file:
kernel.shmall = 2097152
kernel.shmmax = 2147483648
kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
fs.file-max = 65536
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 1024 65000
Don't
make any typing mistakes (it's best to cut-and-paste from the above,
really) and make sure you leave a blank line after the last line of the
file (otherwise, the last setting tends not to get read and implemented
at all). Normally, the sysctl.conf file is only read at each
machine startup, so you'd have to reboot the server to implement the
changes, but you can force the server to re-read the file without need
for a reboot by now issuing the command:
sudo /sbin/sysctl -p
Finally, we need to set some new security limits for the system, too. Do that by issuing this command:
sudo vi /etc/security/limits.conf

..and then appending to the end of that file these new values:
*               soft    nproc   2047
*               hard    nproc   16384
*               soft    nofile  1024
*               hard    nofile  65536
  5.3 The oracle user environment
You
now need to configure the environment settings for the oracle user, and
set up some locations where the Oracle installation can actually take
place. First, issue the following commands:
sudo ln -s /usr/bin/awk /bin/awk
sudo ln -s /usr/bin/rpm /bin/rpm
sudo ln -s /lib/libgcc_s.so.1 /lib/libgcc_s.so
sudo ln -s /usr/bin/basename /bin/basename
sudo mkdir /oracle
sudo mkdir /oracle/10g
sudo chown -R oracle:oinstall /oracle
sudo chmod -R 775 /oracle
The
first four commands make the Ubuntu/Debian environment look a bit less
alien to the Oracle installer, which is expecting a Red hat or Suse
environment. The next two commands then create a directory structure
into which the Oracle installation will take place. The official
guidelines on this are that you should create quite a complicated path
(along the lines of /u01/app/oracle), but that is really only needed for production servers that use Oracle's official Optimal Flexible Architecture
(OFA, for short). It's certainly a good idea to use the OFA guidelines,
but it's not actually a requirement to do so, and home learning
environments really have no need to do so. Which explains my very
simple path of plain old /oracle/10g here, of course.
Finally, issue this command:
sudo gedit /etc/profile
Again, use whichever text editor you prefer, but whatever editor that turns out to be, add these lines to the end of the file:
   export ORACLE_BASE=/oracle
export ORACLE_HOME=/oracle/10g
export ORACLE_SID=orcl10
export PATH=$PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/bin

Make sure to leave a blank line after the last of those lines.
The ORACLE_BASE environment variable will tell the installer where the root of all possible installations can be. For me, that's the /oracle
directory, but if you were being more elaborate or following OFA
guidelines, you'd specify whatever directory path you'd actually
created.
The ORACLE_HOME environment variable tells the
installer where, within the ORACLE_BASE, the specific installation is
to be performed. For me, that's the 10g subdirectory I earlier created within the /oracle
directory. The official line from Oracle is that you neither need nor
should set ORACLE_HOME when performing 10g installations, but I find
the installer can propose rather long-winded ORACLE_HOMEs if left to
its own devices (which again would not be a problem in a production
setting, but is overkill for a home learning environment).

The ORACLE_SID environment variable is used to give Oracle instances their names, and also to identify which instance
?
it is that you want to connect to when you don't say explicitly. The
point here is that I am shortly going to be creating a database called orcl10, and that's therefore the reason I've set that value here. If you are planning on creating a database instead called SALES or products,
then you'd use one of those values instead -and note, by the way, that
like everything else in Linux, the thing is case-sensitive (so an
instance called SALES is different and distinguishable from one called sales).
I finally modify the PATH
environment variable for the oracle user so that he can find the Oracle
executables -once they're installed- without actually having to travel
to the directory they're stored in.
With all four of those
values safely stored in the modified file, you should now become the
oracle user for the first time and check that the values are actually
being picked up and applied correctly:
hjr@vitellius:~$ su - oracle
Password:
oracle@vitellius:~$ echo $ORACLE_BASE
/oracle
oracle@vitellius:~$ echo $ORACLE_HOME
/oracle/10g
oracle@vitellius:~$ exit
logout
hjr@vitellius:~$

Note that I become the oracle user by including a minus sign in the su
command. If I didn't the environment variables would not be set
correctly. In short, be careful how you become the oracle user: minus
signs at all times! Note also that I've quit being the oracle user
after this test: the exit command effectively logs off the oracle user and returns me to being me.

5.4 Final Preparations  
There are just two other things you now have to do. The first is to issue this command:
sudo gedit /etc/redhat-release
This will cause a completely empty file to appear in the editor, and you should paste the following text into it:

Red Hat Enterprise Linux AS release 3 (Taroon)
You
can then save the modified file. This step is needed on any Linux
platform that Oracle doesn't officially certify, because the Oracle
Installer is hard-coded to bomb out if it discovers it's not running on
a certified platform. The file is enough to persuade the installer that
it's running on Red Hat Enterprise Server version 3, though -and that is
a certified platform, which means the instalaltion will be allowed to
proceed. An alternative approach to fooling the installer is to invoke
it with the switch ignoreSysPrereqs, and I've documented doing
that in many of my other Oracle-on-Linux installation guides. Just to
be different, I thought I'd use this method here, though!
The
other thing you have to do before you can proceed is pretty obvious, if
you think about it: obtain the Oracle software! You might already have
an official CD containing the necessary software, of course, in which
case feel free to install from that. In my case, though, I needed to
download the software from the Oracle website
.
When you do that, make sure you pick the right version (that is, 10g
Release 2 or Release 1 or even 9i) and the right O/S & architecture
(that is, Windows, Linux, Solaris etc, and x86 versus 64-bit). This
article uses 10g Release 2 Enteprise Edition for the Linux x86
architecture.
The download will be of a single file, called 10201_database_linux32.zip,
and you should house it somewhere appropriate, and make it usable by
the oracle user. For me, that meant downloading it to the /home/hjr directory, and then doing the following:
  sudo chown oracle:oinstall /home/hjr/*.zip
sudo chmod 775 /home/hjr/*.zip
sudo mv /home/hjr/*.zip /home/oracle

With that done, I then became the oracle user, and unpacked the download:
su - oracle
  unzip 10201_database_linux32.zip  
  rm 10201_database_linux32.zip
The
unzipping operation creates a database subdirectory in which all the
software is located, and it's from there that the installation will be
performed. There's therefore no point in hanging on to the original zip
file, and I therefore delete it. At this point, you're finally ready to
begin the Oracle installation.
6.0 Performing the Oracle Installation
The secret to any
installation of Oracle on Linux is in getting the preparation right,
and if you've been following this article carefully so far, you've
already done that. So from this point on, everything should be pretty
much plain sailing.To initiate the installation, you'll have to log
right out of the system, and log in directly as the oracle user
(alternatively, you can fiddle around with DISPLAY environment
variables, but logging off and back on again is simpler and less prone
to making mistakes!).

Once you're logged on as the oracle user, open a new terminal window and issue the command:
/home/oracle/database/runInstaller
After
that, it's just a question of not letting the installer create a
database for you (that is a separate task and should be thought about
and considered separately).
Another Flash movie is available
  that shows me performing such an installation. Note
that the movie shows two installation errors occurring. These were a
'feature' of an earlier version of this installation guide. They DO NOT
happen with the current version, so you can safely skip past those two
points in the movie. At the end of the installation process,
you'll want to create a database properly, and that's the next thing
this article will describe how to do. If you are running short on disk
space and would like to get some back, then you can now delete the
source files for the Oracle installation, since they won't be needed
any longer. In my case, that means I can delete the /home/oracle/database directory and all its contents.

7.0 Creating a new Database 7.1 Creating a Listener  
It's
not a requirement to create a Listener before you create a database,
but it makes sense to do so. A Listener is a process which listens on a
well-known port for requests from remote users seeking to connect to
the Oracle database. Without one, therefore, you'd only ever be able to
connect to the database whilst directly logged onto the server itself,
which is obviously a bit of a show-stopper!
To create a Listener, we use the Network Configuration Assistant. To invoke the Assistant, just issue the command netca as the oracle user in a new terminal session, and be prepared to click [Next] lots of times when the wizard pages finally appears! If you need rather more detailed instructions than that, there's
another Flash movie you can watch
showing what to do at this point, and even though it happens to show an
example of creating a Listener on a Windows XP machine, you'll find the
screens identical on Ubuntu.
7.2 Creating a Database
You
are now ready to create your new Oracle Database. We do so as the
Oracle user, invoking the graphical tool Oracle now recommends as the
preferred method of creating any Oracle database: the Database Configuration Assistant, or DBCA.for short. Just issue this command at the command line whist logged in as the oracle user:
dbca

This
is not a difficult thing to do: mostly, in our case, it involves
clicking [Next] to walk through the wizard, accepting all defaults.
Just be sure to specify the correct database name (it should match what
is set as your ORACLE_SID, but with a proper domain extension -so in my
case, orcl10.dizwell.local is right). I suggest you also select
the option to include the Sample Schemas and to create a Flash Recovery
Area. For those of you who want to see a database actually being created, I've got
yet another Flash movie you can watch
  that shows you the entire process.
8.0 Automating Startup & Shutdown
Once you've created
your database, there's really only one more thing to worry about, and
that's how you arrange for the database to be opened automatically
every time the server itself starts up, and for it to be closed cleanly
every time the server shuts down.
Oracle themselves provide part of the answer in the form of two scripts called dbstart and dbshut, both found in the ORACLE_HOME/bin directory. Those scripts read another file called /etc/oratab
to determine what databases actually need the automated startup and
shutdown treatment. All you have to do, therefore, is write a script of
your own that calls dbstart or dbshut, and then integrate this new
script into Ubuntu's standard runlevel/service control mechanism.
And incidentally, I might just point out that the 10g Release 2 dbstart script automatically takes care of starting the Listener,
so there's no need to include that as a separate step in your own
script. I notice a number of Ubuntu/Oracle how-to's on the web that
have overlooked this basic point, and thus busily try and start
Listeners that are already running!
Anyway... let's break this operation down into its components steps.
8.1 Editing Oratab
You
should log out as the oracle user, and log yourself back on as yourself
(that is, the user you created during the Ubuntu install). That's a
full logout and logon, not merely the use of the su command to become another account, by the way.

Once you've done that, you should edit the contents of the /etc/oratab file
in the text editor of your choice. You'll have to have root privileges
to edit a file in the /etc directory, of course, and that means it will
be necessary to issue a command such as:
sudo gedit /etc/oratab
You'll find at the moment that the file contains this one line (apart from all the commented-out ones, that is):
orcl10:/oracle/10g:N
The three parts of that line tell the system that you have an instance
?
/database
called orcl10 (your name might be different of course, but that's what
I've used all the way through this article); it's ORACLE_HOME is
/oracle/10g, so that's where the executables to run the database can be
found; and right now it's Not to be automatically started or
stopped. Well, from that description it's pretty obvious, I hope, what
you need do: that last 'N' has got to change to a 'Y', so you end up
with the line of text reading:
orcl10:/oracle/10g:Y

Once you've made the change and saved the modified file, you can close down your text editor.
8.2 Editing dbstart & dbshut
The
two scripts supplied by Oracle don't need much editing, but the little
that they might is very important. First off, we'll tackle the ORACLE_HOME/bin/dbstart script.
Open the file in the text editor of your choice -and this time, you'll
have to become the oracle user to be able to make the required edits,
so the command would be:
su - oracle
vi $ORACLE_HOME/bin/dbstart
  
Towards the beginning of that file, you'll find these lines:
# Set this to bring up Oracle Net Listener
ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER=/ade/vikrkuma_new/oracle
if [ ! $ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER ] ; then
   echo "ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER is not SET, unable to auto-start Oracle Net Listener"
else
   LOG=$ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER/listener.log
I've
said this on other occasions, but it remains true: whoever was
responsible for writing this stuff at Oracle deserves to hang his head
in shame. Not only has a completely non-standard location for an
ORACLE_HOME been hard-coded into the script ( he might at least have
assumed a default installation's location!), but he couldn't even spell
the word LISTENER correctly! Yes, it has an 'E' in it!
But I
digress: what you need to do here is change the path assigned to the
ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER variable to whatever path is assigned to your
ORACLE_HOME environment variable. In my case, that means changing the
all-important line so that it reads:
ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER=/oracle/10g

The
subtle point going on here is that you might have a server running many
different versions of Oracle, but using only one Listener. A 10g
Listener can listen on behalf of 9i databases, for example. So the
place where the Listener's own executables should be found might be
different from where the database's own executables are found -and
that's why the two things are separately configurable. In my case,
though, I've only got one database, and it's the same version as my
Listener, so one's home is the other's, too -and that's why I set my
ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER to the same value as my ORACLE_HOME.
So much
for dbstart. The second script, ORACLE_HOME/bin/dbshut might also need
editing in a production environment, but we probably won't need to
change it for the purposes of this article. By all means open it up in
a text editor and have a look at it: you'll find when you do that the
script issues shutdown immediate commands. A shutdown
immediate, however, is a bit brutal: no matter what anyone is doing,
they are all summarily kicked off the system, and whatever work they
were in the middle of is thus lost. Cautious DBAs who don't enjoy
upsetting their users might well want to consider altering the script
to issue shutdown transactional or shutdown normal
commands instead, since these both allow users to finish what they are
doing before the database closes (with the unfortunate side-effect that
if a user refuses to finish what they are doing, the database never closes!)
8.3 Writing a Calling Script
You now need to write a script which itself calls the dbshut and dbstart scripts. This script is usually stored in the /etc/init.d directory (and thus will require root privileges to create) and gets called dbora (though it can actually be called anything you like. The script should look like this:
     #!/bin/bash
#
# /etc/init.d/dbora
#
# Startup script for Oracle databases

export ORACLE_HOME=/oracle/10g
export ORACLE_SID=orcl10
export PATH=$PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/bin

case "$1" in
     start)
         echo -n "Starting Oracle: "
         su oracle -c $ORACLE_HOME/bin/dbstart
         touch /var/lock/oracle

         su oracle -c "$ORACLE_HOME/bin/emctl start dbconsole"
         echo "OK"
         ;;
     stop)
         echo -n "Shutdown Oracle: "
         su oracle -c $ORACLE_HOME/bin/dbshut
         rm -f /var/lock/oracle
         echo "OK"
         ;;
     *)
         echo "Usage: 'basename $0' start|stop"
         exit 1
esac
exit 0
  
Essentially,
the script creates two 'procedures', one called "start" and one called
"stop". The start procedure calls the dbstart script as the oracle
user, whilst the stop procedure calls the dbshut script as the oracle
user. I again draw to your attention the fact that nowhere in the
script do I attempt to start the Listener -for the simple reason that
in 10g, dbstart does that for us anyway. So all you now have to do is
run a text editor with sudo privileges, cut out that sample script and
paste it into the text editor, and save it as a file called /etc/init.d/dbora. Once that's done, you need to make the file executable:
sudo chmod 775 /etc/init.d/dbora
You
then need to link the new calling script into the runlevel scripts that
Ubuntu uses to control general service startup and shutdown. That can
be done by issuing the one command:
sudo update-rc.d dbora defaults 99

If
you now reboot your server, you should find that immediately it comes
back up, you can become the oracle user and connect to the database via
SQL*Plus without any hassles:
hjr@vitellius:~$ su - oracle
Password:
oracle@vitellius:~$ sqlplus / as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Thu Mar 16 14:25:57 2006

Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle.  All rights reserved.


Connected to:
Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP and Data Mining options

SQL> exit
Had the thing not been started correctly, however, I would have seen something more like this:
oracle@vitellius:~$ sqlplus / as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Thu Mar 16 14:29:06 2006

Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Connected to an idle instance.
So, provided you don't get the 'idle instance' message after a server reboot, the automation scripts are working as intended!
9.0 Running Enterprise Manager
The
last thing I want to do in this article is to show you how to get the
primary GUI database administration tool, called Enterprise Manager,
running. I'm not going to show you much more than that, though:
Enteprrise Manager is so capable a tool that it would take many
articles of their own to discuss even a fraction of its functionality.
The
first thing you'll need to do before you can actually use Enterprise
Manager is get its management agent running. This involves another trip
to the command line as the oracle user:
hjr@vitellius:~$ su - oracle
Password:
oracle@vitellius:~$ emctl start dbconsole
TZ set to Australia/Sydney
Oracle Enterprise Manager 10g Database Control Release 10.2.0.1.0
Copyright (c) 1996, 2005 Oracle Corporation.  All rights reserved.

http://localhost.localdomain:1158/em/console/aboutApplication
Starting Oracle Enterprise Manager 10g Database Control ................ started.
------------------------------------------------------------------
Logs are generated in directory /oracle/10g/localhost.localdomain_orcl10/sysman/log

The command takes quite a while to complete (at least a minute or two), so have patience. Incidentally, there's a emctl stop dbconsole command to shut the thing down again if you ever feel it necessary.
Once
the Management Agent is running, it's time to open a standard web
browser (Firefox is shipped by default with Ubuntu and will do nicely,
though it's not an 'officially endorsed' broswer (Internet Explorer,
Netscape and Mozilla are the only ones that qualify on that score!).
The URL or address you want is simply http://your-machine-name:1158/em.  In my case, for example, I'd type http://vitellius:1158/em.
If
you're using a proxy server, your browser might do what mine did the
first time I tried this -which was to take a trip out onto the Internet
to try and find a website called vitellius.com! If that's the case,
just use the Edit -> Preferences -> Connection Settings dialog in
Firefox to specify that no proxy should be used for URLs containing
your machine name. In my case, that means my 'No proxy for' window
reads: localhost, 127.0.0.1, vitellius -and that was enough to fix the problem.
If all is working as intended, you should be rewarded with this:

You should log on as SYS there, with whatever password you assigned to
that account (and the other in-built ones) when you were creating the
database. You must also specify the SYSDBA privilege in the last
drop-down box, because SYS can only log onto the database by default
when claiming that privilege. Once you click the Login button, you will
be asked to sign your life away as you agree to the rather onerous
licensing conditions that afflicts Enterprise Manager. In a production
environment, pause for thought at that point and contact your Oracle
Sales represenative to complain about the licensing terms. But at home,
just while you're learning, feel free to agree to anything that gets
the software working!
Finally, you'll get to this sort of thing:

If you see the various bar charts as you see them here, then at least
Enterprise Manager is working as advertised (though if your bar charts
similarly show CPU consumption at the 100% mark and the big, brown
waits as large as I've got them, you've got a performance tuning issue
on your hands!)
At this point, all I can tell you is that most of the routine administration tasks can be found by clicking the Administration link towards the top of the page; backup and recovery options can be found under the Maintenance link; and performance tuning diagnostics can be found under (surprise, surprise!) the Performance link.
More than that, I don't want to say because I'll be here until
Christmas if I start! Just click around and experiment: the joys of a
home learning environment is that you can't do too much damage whatever
you click, and what damage you do inadvertently inflict will be part of
a useful learning experience! So have fun!
10.0 Conclusion
I
can't say that I love Ubuntu, though I don't intend by that to mean
that I think it in anyway a poor distro. It's not: it's robust, easy to
install, painless to configure ...and I very much like its choice of
default display font! But it's not Red Hat, or Suse and when you're
trying to install Oracle, it shows: you do things (create sympbolic
links and issue lots of sudo commands, basically) which are very much
non-standard. Clearly, given where we got to at the end of this
article, such differences are mostly superficial and make no difference
to the outcome. But it still leaves me feeling vaguely uncomfortable,
and I can't therefore recommend using Ubuntu as your Oracle platform.
So,
whilst I can understand the desire to run Ubuntu as your distro of
choice (it's good-looking, works well and appears to have a good future
ahead of it), I'd much rather you ran
VMware
on your Ubuntu host (it's entirely free these days, you know!) and ran
Oracle in a virtual machine where Red Hat (or one of its free clones)
was installed. That would be the much more realistic -in the
sense of more like what you'd find in a production server room- way of
running Oracle on Ubuntu (but admittedly it would be slower!).
But I don't want to end on a depressing note: just bear in mind that by the end of this article I was able to select * from scott.emp
natively on Ubuntu, and can get tangled up in the Enterprise Manager
licensing terms just as effectively on Ubuntu as I can on any other
distro! Oracle on Ubuntu is possible, therefore, if you want it
badly enough! And my suspicion is that there are an awful lot of
committed Ubuntu users out there who do want it badly enough... so I hope I've made them happy!
               
               

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