Linux Network Administrator's Guide翻译2.1

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2.1. Networking Interfaces
To hide the diversity of equipment that may be
used in a networking environment, TCP/IP defines an abstract interface through which the hardware is accessed. This
interface offers a set of operations that is the same for all types of hardware
and basically deals with sending and receiving packets.(为了隐藏网络设备的多样性，TCP/IP定义了硬件的一种抽象接口。这种接口对相同类型的设备提供一类操作，例如发送和接收数据包)。
For each
peripheral networking device, a corresponding interface has to be present in the
kernel. For example, Ethernet interfaces in Linux are called by such names as
eth0 and eth1; PPP
(discussed in Chapter
6) interfaces are named ppp0 and ppp1; and FDDI interfaces are given names such as fddi0 and fddi1. These
interface names are used for configuration purposes when you want to specify a
particular physical device in a configuration command, and they have no meaning
beyond this use.
Before being used by TCP/IP
networking, an interface must be assigned an IP address that serves as its
identification when communicating with the rest of the world. This address is
different from the interface name mentioned previously; if you compare an
interface to a door, the address is like the nameplate pinned on it.
Other device parameters may be set, such as the
maximum size of datagrams that can be processed by a particular piece of
hardware, which is referred to as Maximum Transfer Unit (MTU).
Other attributes will be introduced later. Fortunately, most attributes have
sensible defaults.
               
               
               

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